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Clinical application of COVID-19 vaccine in liver transplant recipients

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 339-343页

作者： Feng-chao Liu Man xie Wei Rao Division of Hepatology Liver Disease CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266000China Organ Transplantation Center The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266000China Institute of Organ Donation and Transplantation of Qingdao University Qingdao 266000China Department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266000China

Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients(LTRs)tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications.Therefore,COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs.Data sources:The keywords“liver transplant”,“SARS-CoV-2”,and“vaccine”were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed.Results:The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low,and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination.Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer,a proportion of patients remained unresponsive.Furthermore,recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs,including allograft rejection and liver injury.Conclusions:This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine,risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.

关键词： Liver transplant COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Antibody response

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When debugging encounters artificial intelligence: state of the art and open challenges

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 42-84页

作者： yi SONG Xiaoyuan xie Baowen XU School of Computer Science Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Nanjing University

Both software debugging and artificial intelligence techniques are hot topics in the current field of software engineering. Debugging techniques, which comprise fault localization and program repair, are an important part of the software development lifecycle for ensuring the quality of software systems. As the scale and complexity of software systems grow, developers intend to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of software debugging via artificial intelligence(artificial intelligence for software debugging, AI4SD). On the other hand, many artificial intelligence models are being integrated into safety-critical areas such as autonomous driving, image recognition, and audio processing, where software debugging is highly necessary and urgent(software debugging for artificial intelligence, SD4AI). An AI-enhanced debugging technique could assist in debugging AI systems more effectively, and a more robust and reliable AI approach could further guarantee and support debugging techniques. Therefore, it is important to take AI4SD and SD4AI into consideration comprehensively. In this paper, we want to show readers the path, the trend, and the potential that these two directions interact with each other. We select and review a total of 165 papers in AI4SD and SD4AI for answering three research questions, and further analyze opportunities and challenges as well as suggest future directions of this cross-cutting area.

关键词： software debugging fault localization program repair artificial intelligence machine learning

NONMONOTONE LOCAL MINIMAX METHODS FOR FINDING MULTIPLE SADDLE POINTS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期42卷 851-884页

作者： Wei Liu Ziqing xie Wenfan yi South China Research Center for Applied Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Studies South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Key Laboratory of Computing and Stochastic Mathematics(Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Applied Mathematics School of MathematicsHunan UniversityChangshaHunan 410082China

In this paper,by designing a normalized nonmonotone search strategy with the BarzilaiBorwein-type step-size,a novel local minimax method(LMM),which is a globally convergent iterative method,is proposed and analyzed to find multiple(unstable)saddle points of nonconvex functionals in Hilbert spaces.Compared to traditional LMMs with monotone search strategies,this approach,which does not require strict decrease of the objective functional value at each iterative step,is observed to converge faster with less computations.Firstly,based on a normalized iterative scheme coupled with a local peak selection that pulls the iterative point back onto the solution submanifold,by generalizing the Zhang-Hager(ZH)search strategy in the optimization theory to the LMM framework,a kind of normalized ZH-type nonmonotone step-size search strategy is introduced,and then a novel nonmonotone LMM is constructed.Its feasibility and global convergence results are rigorously carried out under the relaxation of the monotonicity for the functional at the iterative sequences.Secondly,in order to speed up the convergence of the nonmonotone LMM,a globally convergent Barzilai-Borwein-type LMM(GBBLMM)is presented by explicitly constructing the Barzilai-Borwein-type step-size as a trial step-size of the normalized ZH-type nonmonotone step-size search strategy in each iteration.Finally,the GBBLMM algorithm is implemented to find multiple unstable solutions of two classes of semilinear elliptic boundary value problems with variational structures:one is the semilinear elliptic equations with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition and another is the linear elliptic equations with semilinear Neumann boundary conditions.Extensive numerical results indicate that our approach is very effective and speeds up the LMMs significantly.

关键词： Multiple saddle points Local minimax method Barzilai-Borwein gradient method Normalized nonmonotone search strategy Global convergence

Tungsten oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes composite catalysts for enhanced redox kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 58-67页

作者： Deqing He Zihao xie Qian Yang Wei Wang chao Su School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

The sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are a significant obstacle to their widespread adoption as energy storage devices.However,recent studies have shown that tungsten oxide(WO_(3))can facilitate the conversion kinetics of polysulfides in Li-S batteries.Herein,we fabricated host materials for sulfur using nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes(N-CNTs)and WO_(3).We used low-cost components and simple procedures to overcome the poor electrical conductivity that is a disadvantage of metal oxides.The composites of WO_(3) and N-CNTs(WO_(3)/N-CNTs)create a stable framework structure,fast ion diffusion channels,and a 3D electron transport network during electrochemical reaction processes.As a result,the WO_(3)/N-CNT-Li2S6 cathode demonstrates high initial capacity(1162 mA·h·g^(-1) at 0.5℃),excellent rate performance(618 mA·h·g^(-1) at 5.5℃),and a low capacity decay rate(0.093%up to 600 cycles at 2℃).This work presents a novel approach for preparing tungsten oxide/carbon composite catalysts that facilitate the redox kinetics of polysulfide conversion.

关键词： Li-S batteries Composites Ion diffusion channels 3D electron transport network Redox kinetics

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Intake of tobacco nitrosamines of smokers in various provinces of China and their cancer risk:A meta-analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 249-260页

作者： Xiao Li Zhiwei Ye Jun Wang Pengfei Lin Xiaojin Zhang Shuguang xie chao Chen Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhouJiangsu 215163China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as tobacco.The objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nitrosamine contents,and assessing the health risks of tobacco nitrosamines exposure to Chinese smokers.We searched the publications in English from“Web of Science”and those in Chinese from the“China National Knowledge Infrastructure”in 2022 and collected 151 literatures with valid information.The content of main nitrosamines in tobacco,including 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN),N-nitrosoanatabine(NAT),N-nitrosoanabasine(NAB),total tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNA),and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)were summarized.The information of daily tobacco consumption of smokers in 30 provinces of China was also collected.Then,the intakes of NNN,NNK,NAT,NAB,TSNAs,and NDMA via tobacco smoke were estimated as 1534ng/day,591 ng/day,685 ng/day,81 ng/day,2543 ng/day,and 484 ng/day by adult smokers in30 provinces,respectively.The cancer risk(CR)values for NNN and NNK inhalation intake were further calculated as 1.44×10^(-5)and 1.95×10^(-4).The CR value for NDMA intake via tobacco smoke(inhalation:1.66×10^(-4))indicates that NDMA is similarly dangerous in tobacco smoke when compared with the TSNAs.In China,the CR values caused by average nitrosamines intake via various exposures and their order can be estimated as the following:smoke(3.75×10^(-4))>food(1.74×10^(-4))>drinking water(1.38×10^(-5)).Smokers in China averagely suffer 200%of extra cancer risk caused by nitrosamines in tobacco when compared with non-smokers.

关键词： N-nitrosamine Tobacco Cancer risk Tobacco specific nitrosamines(TSNAs) N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)

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Stress-corrosion coupled damage localization induced by secondary phases in bio-degradable Mg alloys:phase-field modeling

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 361-383页

作者： chao xie Shijie Bai Xiao Liu Minghua Zhang Jianke Du The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211P.R.China Key Laboratory of High Temperature Wear Resistant Materials Preparation Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201P.R.China

In this study,a phase-field scheme that rigorously obeys conservation laws and irreversible thermodynamics is developed for modeling stress-corrosion coupled damage(SCCD).The coupling constitutive relationships of the deformation,phase-field damage,mass transfer,and electrostatic field are derived from the entropy inequality.The SCCD localization induced by secondary phases in Mg is numerically simulated using the implicit iterative algorithm of the self-defined finite elements.The quantitative evaluation of the SCCD of a C-ring is in good agreement with the experimental results.To capture the damage localization,a micro-galvanic corrosion domain is defined,and the buffering effect on charge migration is explored.Three cases are investigated to reveal the effect of localization on corrosion acceleration and provide guidance for the design for resistance to SCCD at the crystal scale.

关键词： Phase field Mg alloys Stress-corrosion coupled damage Damage localization Finite element method

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Experimental and numerical flutter analysis of a folding fin with multiple asymmetric free-plays

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 332-348页

作者： Chenyu LIU chao AN Changchuan xie Xin ZHANG Lan YANG School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing 100854China Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering Beijing 100076China

Experimental folding fin models with an adjustable free-play are tested in a wind tunnel.The fin structure is modeled using the free-interface component mode synthesis method,and its free-play is modeled as four independent nonlinear springs with asymmetric stiffness.A nonplanar unsteady vortex-lattice method considering compressibility is employed to address nonlinear deformation and high subsonic flow.Surface spline interpolation is improved through projection and partition.The aeroelastic characteristics of folding fins with different free-play magnitudes,initial conditions and elastic-axis positions are analyzed using an established time-marching method because of its relatively small computation scale and high precision.The results show good consistency among the presented method,the wind tunnel test and the harmonic balance method.There is a negative correlation between the critical speed of divergent motion and the ratio of the initial condition to the free-play magnitude.If either the free-play magnitude or the initial condition is extreme(tiny or vast),the system nonlinearity degenerates to linearity.Generally,the flutter prevention design of a linear model can be applied to a nonlinear model,such as moving the elastic-axis position aftward.The presented fin configuration exhibits an unstable limit cycle oscillation because the orders of coupled flutter modes do not change with variations in equivalent linear stiffness.

关键词： Free-play Limit cycle oscillation Flutter Component mode synthesis Vortex-lattice method

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Al/Ti clad plates prepared via powder-in-tube method

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 670-687页

作者： Xian-lei Hu Qin-cheng xie yi Yuan ying Zhi State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Suzhou Dongbao Haixing Metal Material Technology Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215600JiangsuChina School of Material Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

The Ti/Al/Ti clad plates exhibit a broad spectrum of potential applications.However,the conventional techniques of hot-pressing composite and explosive composite are intricate and environmentally hazardous.A novel method was introduced for preparing clad plates,namely,the powder-in-tube method.This method involves a combination of cold rolling,annealing at a temperature of 550℃,and double rolling.The morphology of the intermetallic compound layer was analyzed through the utilization of interface stripping test,tensile test,and microscopic characterization.The interface morphology,interface bonding properties,tensile fracture structures,and properties of plates under the first and second rolling were compared,along with the effects of intermetallic compounds on the interface properties.The results indicate that the powder-in-tube method,when annealed at 550℃,can produce a composite plate featuring a complete and uniform Ti/Al interface.The obtained plate exhibits a peeling strength of 21.5 N/mm,tensile strength of 424 MPa,and elongation of 11.5%.Furthermore,a systematic analysis was conducted to determine the causes of performance degra-dation observed during annealing at temperatures of 600 and 650℃.

关键词： Powder-in-tube method-Ti/Al/Ti clad plate Annealing Cold rolling-Mechanical property

One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of Different Fused Multicyclic Iminosugars Based on the Iminium-lon Intermediate

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 142-150页

作者： Song xie Jilai Wu Likai Zhou chao Wei Xiaoliu Li Hua Chen Key Laboratoryof Chemical Biology of Hebei Province College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei UniversityBaodingHebei 071002China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xingtai UniversityXingtaiHebei 054001China

Different novel fused multicyclic iminosugars were synthesized from D-ribose tosylate,aniline and vinyl ethyl ether by one-pot three-component stereoselective[4+2]reaction at different temperatures.The iminium-ion is the key intermediate for the reaction.As a result,several complex fused iminosugars 3a were obtained by aza-Diels-Alder mechanism at 60℃,while a series of aza-C-glycosides 5a were prepared by Mannich reaction at room temperature accompanied by another tetrahydroquinoline-fused iminosugars 4a(tricyclic derivatives)through aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition.This strategy will help to construct structurally diverse and bioactive iminosugar analogues.

关键词： Fused multicyclic iminosugar Aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition Mannich reaction Tetrahydroquinoline Multicomponent reactions Enantioselectivity Cyclization