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Astrocyte polarization in glaucoma: a new opportunity

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2582-2588页

作者： yi-Xin Liu Hao Sun wen-yi Guo Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology ShanghaiChina

Astrocyte polarization is a new concept which is similar to microglia polarization and in which astrocytes are classified as A1(neurotoxic)and A2(neuroprotective).Several studies on astrocyte polarization have focused mainly on neurodegenerative diseases,trauma,and infections.However,the role of astrocyte polarization in glaucoma,a neurodegenerative disease,has not been fully explored.In this review,we first describe the characteristics of astrocyte astrogliosis in glaucoma,including morphological,molecular,proliferative and functional changes.We then summarize understanding of astrocyte polarization in other diseases,and show that A1 astrocytes are involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma,and that their neurotoxins kill only damaged retinal ganglion cells.Based on this,we propose new interesting conjecture on astrocyte polarization in glaucoma:(1)That the neurotoxin from A1 astrocytes is a product of the complement system(membrane-attacking complex),since this system is known to mediate synaptic elimination and the C3 expression is clearly increased in A1 astrocytes;(2)that reactive scar-forming astrocytes in the optic nerve head may be classified as A2 astrocytes since their ablation leads to a worse prognosis in glaucoma.Finally,current therapeutic research progress on astrocyte polarization in other diseases is also addressed.Regulation of astrocyte polarization can be achieved by extracellular microglia-related and intracellular pathways.Reduced A1 or increased A2 astrocytes can rescue the nerve.For example,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist rescues retinal ganglion cells by reducing A1 astrocytes via the extracellular microglia-related pathway in an ocular hypertension model,suggesting that regulation of astrocyte polarization as a therapeutic target in glaucoma is feasible.

关键词： astrocytes glaucoma heterogeneity microglia neurodegenerative disease neuroinflammation neuroprotection optic nerve retina therapy

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Effect of Age and Sex on Stroke Mortality of Young and Middle-aged Adults in China,2002–2019,and Predictions to 2030

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期36卷 305-312页

作者： ZHAI yi SI Xiang WANG wen Zhi ZHAO wen Hua China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Division of Non-communicable Disease and Ageing Health Management Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective This study aimed to examine the trends in stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults in China.Methods Data were obtained from the China national vital registration system.Significant changes in mortality were assessed by Joinpoint regression.Age-period-cohort analysis was used to explain the reasons for the changes.Future mortality and counts were predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results Between 2002 and 2019,a total of 6,253,951 stroke mortality in young and middle-aged adults were recorded.The age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)of women showed a downward trend.The annual percent changes(APC)were-3.5%(-5.2%,-1.7%)for urban women and-2.8%(-3.7%,-1.9%)for rural women.By contrast,the AAMRs per 100,000 for rural men aged 25–44 years continued to rise from 9.40 to 15.46.The AAMRS for urban men aged 25–44 years and urban and rural men aged 45–64years did not change significantly.Between 2020 and 2030,the projected stroke deaths are 1,423,584 in men and 401,712 in women.Conclusion Significant sex and age disparities in the trends of stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults were identified in China.Targeted health policy measures are needed to address the burden of stroke in the young generation,especially for rural men,with a focus on the prevention and management of high risk factors.

关键词： Stroke Mortality Young and middle-aged Joinpoint regression Age-period-cohort analysis

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A Note on Critical p-adic L-functions

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2021年第1期37卷 121-141页

作者： Yi Wen DING Bejing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China

We study the adjunction property of the Jacquet–Emerton functor in certain neighborhoods of critical points in the eigencurve.As an application,we construct two-variable p-adic L-functions around critical points via ... 详细信息

关键词： p-adic L-function eigencurve critical p-stabilization Jacquet–Emerton functor

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O-GlcNAc修饰与疾病病理学的联系（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2019年第5期20卷 437-448页

作者： Hao NIE wen yi MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis&Protection College of Life SciencesZhejiang University

O-连接的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(O-GlcNAc)修饰是一种发生于蛋白质丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基上的蛋白翻译后修饰,它能动态地发生在细胞的任何部位,如细胞质、线粒体、细胞核等。O-GlcNAc修饰的供体尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(UDP-GlcNAc)是己糖胺生... 详细信息

O-连接的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(O-GlcNAc)修饰是一种发生于蛋白质丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基上的蛋白翻译后修饰,它能动态地发生在细胞的任何部位,如细胞质、线粒体、细胞核等。O-GlcNAc修饰的供体尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(UDP-GlcNAc)是己糖胺生物合成途径(HBP)的终产物。GlcNAc在蛋白上的添加和移除分别需要O-GlcNAc转移酶(OGT)和O-GlcNAc水解酶(OGA)的介导。被O-GlcNAc修饰的蛋白包括转录因子、代谢酶、细胞信号传导因子等。O-GlcNAc通过调控这些蛋白的功能参与到许多重要的生物进程中,如转录、翻译、代谢、信号传导、自噬等。此外,O-GlcNAc修饰的失调还与许多重要疾病息息相关,包括癌症、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病。更好地了解O-GlcNAc修饰在这些疾病生理病理学进程中所起的作用将有助于开发新的治疗策略。本文介绍了O-GlcNAc与疾病病理联系的最新研究,并揭示O-GlcNAc可作为潜在的临床治疗靶点。

关键词： O连接的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(O-GlcNAc) 癌症糖尿病神经退行性疾病心血管疾病

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我国民事强制执行模式变革论——以回应当事人“执行难”责难为归宿

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河北法学 2010年第8期28卷 179-185页

作者：冯一文浙江省宁波市北仑区人民法院浙江宁波315800

执行案件从制约其权利实现程度的客观因素看,可分为"执行不了"、"执行得了"两类案件。以权利实现为本位的现行民事强制执行模式,由于未能对不同类型案件采取不同目标定位和应对措施,在相当程度上不能有效回应当事人对法院"执行难"的责... 详细信息

执行案件从制约其权利实现程度的客观因素看,可分为"执行不了"、"执行得了"两类案件。以权利实现为本位的现行民事强制执行模式,由于未能对不同类型案件采取不同目标定位和应对措施,在相当程度上不能有效回应当事人对法院"执行难"的责难。而"程序公正在先"之执行思路却显得过于激进。为此,在民事强制执行模式改革上,探索"权利实现与程序公正并重"之混合式执行模式,对不同案件不同对待:对"执行不了"类案件,强化程序公正、突出执行服务理念,强调以"理"服人来化解申请执行人对权利未能实现的不满与怨言;对"执行得了"类案件,强化实体公正、突出执行威慑力、强制力,强调以"力"服人来迫使被执行人履行义务而实现申请执行人的权利。

关键词：执行模式权利实现本位程序公正在先 “执行难”责难

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Evolution of inclusions in a pipeline steel during continuous casting and hot rolling process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第1期29卷 175-185页

作者： yi Wang Wei-fu Li wen Yang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Industrial trials were performed to study the evolution of inclusions in a pipeline steel during the continuous casting and hot rolling process.The main composition of inclusions changed from Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO in the liquid steel to Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS in the slab,and then to Al_(2)O_(3)-CaS in the rolled plate.Corresponding area fractions of inclusions increased from 47.0×10^(-6) to 76.7×10^(-6),and to 144.3×10^(-6).It was explained by thermodynamic calculations that the thermodynamic equilibrium between inclusions and the steel varied with the temperature.Element contents of Al,Ca,Mg,S,and O in the steel decreased during the solidification and cooling process.Due to the difference in the cooling rate,the transformation ratio of CaS increased from 61% at the slab surface to 95% in the slab center.It was also affected by the size of inclusions as smaller inclusions provided better kinetic conditions.Critical diameters of inclusions for the composition transformation were calculated.For the hot rolling process,the average aspect ratio of inclusions increased from 1.4 in the slab to 2.8 in the rolled plate.During the hot rolling process,a part of inclusions was crushed into small particles of CaS phase and Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO cores,leading to a decrease in CaS content of inclusions.

关键词： Inclusion Pipeline steel Continuous casting Hot rolling Deformation

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入侵地和原产地盐沼植物互花米草种子萌发性状的地理变异

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第2期14卷 348-360页

作者： wen-wen Liu yi-Hui Zhang Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujian 361102China

种子萌发是植物早期生活史中最重要的阶段,决定了植物的生态位和地理分布范围,对外来植物的入侵潜力有重要影响。盐沼植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在中国沿海滩涂的入侵范围最大,并已入侵到比原产地更低的纬度范围,这为我们研... 详细信息

种子萌发是植物早期生活史中最重要的阶段,决定了植物的生态位和地理分布范围,对外来植物的入侵潜力有重要影响。盐沼植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)在中国沿海滩涂的入侵范围最大,并已入侵到比原产地更低的纬度范围,这为我们研究互花米草在不同地理区域之间以及沿纬度梯度的萌发性状差异和适应提供了契机。在控温培养箱中淡水培养条件下,我们比较研究了来自入侵地(19°–40°N)10个地点和原产地(27°–43°N)16个地点不同纬度互花米草种群的种子萌发性状差异,以及这种差异与各种群来源地潮差和气候因素的相关性。原产地互花米草种群种子的萌发率和萌发指数比入侵地种群分别高10%和20%,但入侵地互花米草种群的萌发速度比原产地快3 d。入侵地互花米草种群的萌发率和萌发指数随着纬度升高呈现线性递增的变化趋势,而原产地呈现线性递减的变化趋势。入侵地和原产地互花米草种群的平均萌发时间都与纬度呈现线性负相关。入侵地互花米草种群的萌发率和萌发指数与年日均温、年日最低均温、和年日最高均温呈现负相关,而在原产地呈现相反的相关关系。入侵地和原产地互花米草种群的平均萌发时间分别与年日均温、年日最低均温和年日最高均温呈现正相关关系。我们的研究结果表明,入侵地和原产地互花米草种群的萌发率和萌发指数已沿纬度进化出不同的渐变群格局,但平均萌发时间进化出与原产地一致的纬度渐变群格局,即在生物入侵过程中沿纬度梯度种子萌发策略会随着入侵时间和过程而发生变化。

关键词：生物入侵定殖萌发时间纬度渐变群格局快速进化

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The abundance of massive compact galaxies at 1.0

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第10期19卷 109-120页

作者： Shi-ying Lu yi-Zhou Gu Guan-wen Fang Qi-Rong Yuan Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China Institute for Astronomy and History of Science and Technology Dali UniversityDali 671003 China

Based on a large sample of massive(M* 1010 M⊙) compact galaxies at 1.0 < z < 3.0 in five 3 D-HST/CANDELS fields, we quantify the fractional abundance and comoving number density of massive compact galaxies as a function of redshift. The samples of compact quiescent galaxies(cQGs) and compact star-forming galaxies(cSFGs) are constructed by various selection criteria of compact galaxies in the literature, and the effect of compactness definition on abundance estimate has proven to be remarkable,particularly for the cQGs and cSFGs at high redshifts. Regardless of the compactness criteria adopted,their overall redshift evolutions of fractional abundance and number density are found to be rather similar.Large samples of the cQGs exhibit a sustained increase in number density from z ~ 3 to 2 and a plateau at 1 < z < 2. For massive cSFGs, a plateau in the number density at 2 < z < 3 can be found, as well as a continuous drop from z ~ 2 to 1. The evolutionary trends of the cQG and cSFG abundances support the scenario that the cSFGs at z≥ 2 may have been rapidly quenched into quiescent phase via violent dissipational processes, such as major merger and disk instabilities. The rarity of the cSFGs at lower redshifts(z < 1) can be interpreted by the decrease of gas reservoirs in dark matter halos and the consequent low efficiency of gas-rich dissipation.

关键词： galaxies high-redshift-galaxies massive-compact-galaxies evolution-galaxies

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Prenatal amoxicillin exposure induces developmental toxicity in fetal mice and its characteristics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 287-301页

作者： Yongguo Dai Yu Peng wen Hu yi Liu Hui Wang Department of Pharmacology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan 430071China Department of Pharmacy Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease Wuhan 430071China

Amoxicillin,a widely used antibiotic in human and veterinary pharmaceuticals,is now considered as an“emerging contaminant”because it exists widespreadly in the environment and brings a series of adverse outcomes.Currently,systematic studies about the developmental toxicity of amoxicillin are still lacking.We explored the potential effects of amoxicillin exposure on pregnancy outcomes,maternal/fetal serum phenotypes,and fetal multiple organ development in mice,at different doses(75,150,300 mg/(kg·day))during late-pregnancy,or at a dose of 300 mg/(kg·day)during different stages(mid-/latepregnancy)and courses(single-/multi-course).Results showed that prenatal amoxicillin exposure(PAmE)had no significant infuence on the body weights of dams,but it could inhibit the physical development and reduce the survival rate of fetuses,especially during the midpregnancy.Meanwhile,PAmE altered multiple maternal/fetal serum phenotypes,especially in fetuses.Fetal multi-organ function results showed that PAmE inhibited testicular/adrenal steroid synthesis,long bone/cartilage and hippocampal development,and enhanced ovarian steroid synthesis and hepatic glycogenesis/lipogenesis,and the order of severity might be gonad(testis,ovary)>liver>others.Further analysis found that PAmE-induced multiorgan developmental and functional alterations had differences in stages,courses and fetal gender,and the most obvious changes might be in high-dose,late-pregnancy and multicourse,but there was no typical rule of a dose-response relationship.In conclusion,this study confirmed that PAmE could cause abnormal development and multi-organ function alterations,which deepens our understanding of the risk of PAmE and provides an experimental basis for further exploration of the long-term harm.

关键词： Amoxicillin Prenatal exposure Fetal development Organ function Developmental toxicity

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Evolution and Development Trend Prospect of Metal Milling Equipment

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第2期36卷 1-15页

作者： Jie wen Fugui Xie Xinjun Liu yi Yue Department of Mechanical Engineering(DME) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra‑Precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Spacecrafts Beijing 100094China

The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition of the major powers further focuses on the manufacturing industry.Developed countries such as the United States,Germany,and Japan have successively put forward strategic plans such as“re-industrialization”and“return of manufacturing industry”,aiming to seize the commanding heights of a new round of global high-end technology competition and expand international market share.Standing at the historic intersection of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and China's accelerated high-quality development,the“14th Five-Year Plan”clearly pointed out that intelligent manufacturing is the main development trend to promote China's manufacturing to the medium-high end of the global value chain.This reflects the importance of advanced manufacturing for national strategic layout.To better grasp the development direction of advanced manufacturing equipment,the development process and current application status of manufacturing equipment are summarized,and thereafter the characteristics of manufacturing equipment in different development stages of the manufacturing industry are analyzed.Finally,the development trend of advanced milling equipment is prospected.

关键词： Intelligent manufacturing High-quality development Milling equipment Evolution and development trend

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