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Traditional Selection Criteria of Ogaden Cattle in Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Production Systems and Its Implication to Resilience of the Breed in the Face of Climate Change in the Future

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 355-366页

作者： yesihak yusuf Mummed School of Animal and Range Science Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

Selecting for adapted livestock breeds that will produce at optimum in the anticipated climate change scenario is one way of sustaining the production system. Africa has accumulated indigenous knowledge to coping up with climate variability in the past. It is common practice to shift to livestock agriculture as climate becomes less predicted in Africa. Cattle contribute more than 80% of meat and milk in Ethiopia. The aim of this paper was to identify traditional selection criteria of Ogaden cattle breed in pastoral and agro pastoral production systems and suggest possible intervention strategies. Questionnaire survey was conducted in Wabeshebele Zone of Ethiopia, in three districts based on cattle population and accessibility on 126 households. The results of the study revealed that farmers preferred to own diversified livestock species to cope up with unpredicted climate. Milk production and body conformation were ranked first and second criteria in selecting female which were followed by adaptive characteristics such as coat color, fertility and longevity, respectively, while in male, adaptive characters such as hump size, body conformation, coat color and fertility were given priority over milk production. Selection criteria of cattle practiced in the society strongly favored adaptation and ability to perform in feed constraint environment in addition to meat, milk and fertility. However, the simplest reproductive biotechnology, AI, was rarely practiced in the study area. It was recommended that indigenous knowledge of the society on selection criteria of the cattle breed need to be integrated with utilization of assisted reproductive biotechnologies and on farm research innovations on the breed so far acquired in any improvement program of the breed in the future.

关键词： Ogaden Cattle Traditional Selection Criteria Adaptation

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Milk Production Performance, Challenges and Opportunities of Dairy Cattle Production in West Hararghe, Oromiya Regional State

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第1期10卷 219-235页

作者： Ahmedin Abdurehman Musa yesihak yusuf Mummed Department of Animal Science Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia

The study was conducted in West Hararge Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia with the objective to describing the dairy production and reproduction performance, identifying and prioritizing researchable issues which make an impact on the development of dairy sector, identifying factors influencing dairy production, constraints and opportunities and forwarding suggestions for the development of dairy sector. Two districts from midland and lowland agroecology were purposively selected. Moreover, two kebeles were also selected purposively from each district based on dairy cattle population and accessibility. A total of 120 households were selected for survey data collection from the three agroecologies. For the monitoring study, 4 lactating cows in each lactation stage for each rural kebeles as well as for each breed were used. A total of 112 lactating cows were used. The result of the study indicates that the majority (85.8%) of respondents use local breed cow for milk production and the remaining 14.2% of respondents are used cross breed. Average daily milk production was 2.98 litters/day/cow and the average price of one liter milk in the study area at the study period was 23.63 birr. There was a significant difference between the two breeds on the mean age at first calving. Local zebu cow has significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean age at first calving 46.73 ± 0.30 than cross breed cows 31.41 ± 0.53 at the study area. Cross breed cows had significantly shorter (14.44 ± 0.43) months of CI than that of local zebu cow (16.02 ± 0.29). Majority of the respondents ranked feed shortage as the first constraint and also mastitis as the first economically important disease problem.

关键词： Cattle Dairy Milk Reproduction

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Preliminary Study on the Effective Microbial Supplementation of Feed on the Infection of Salmonella in Two Lymph Nodes of Beef Cattle in Eastern Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 1208-1222页

作者： Fuad Mohammed Adem Hiko yesihak yusuf Jemal yusuf Mohammed Jafer Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

A double-blinded randomized controlled field trial based on parallel group design was conducted from January, 2018 to July, 2018 in Chercher Oda-Bultum Farmers Union beef Farm. The present study was conducted to evaluate the roll of effective microbial supplementation to feed on the infection of Salmonella in the mesenteric and sub-iliac lymph nodes of beef cattle. In order to undertake the study, 130 beef cattle kept by the farm were used to establish a cohort. The study animals were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 100) and control group (n = 30). The feed of treatment group was mixed with EM at dose of 5× 1010 cfu/day/head for 90, 100 and 115 days while that of the control group was mixed with molasses, which acts as placebo. Both the treatment and control were slaughtered and two lymph nodes were collected from each animal under strict sterile condition and processed for the isolation and identification of Salmonella using standard procedure. The occurrence of Salmonella was 70% (CI = 51% - 85%) in control group while it was 33% (CI = 24% - 43%) in treatment group. The difference in the proportion of Salmonella infection in the two group was significant (x2 = 13.01;p = 0.000). The relative risk of Salmonella isolation in the control was 2.12 (1.41 - 3.20) compared to treatment group. The absolute and relative risk reduction in the treatment were 37% (CI = 17% - 57%) and 53% (CI = 29% - 69%), respectively. This preliminary study indicated that effective microbial supplementation of beef cattle feed reduced the occurrences of Salmonella in the lymph node of beef cattle, thereby potentially minimizing the economic and public health impacts of Salmonella infection. Then, it was recommended to use EM as prevention and control option in Salmonella carriage in cattle.

关键词： Salmonella Lymph Node Effective Microbial Risk Reduction

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Evaluating the Effective Microbial Supplementation of Feed on the Load of Salmonella in Two Lymph Nodes of Beef Cattle in Eastern Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 1223-1233页

作者： Fuad Mohammed Adem Hiko yesihak yusuf Jemal yusuf Mustefa Musse Ebro Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia

The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of effective microbial supplementation to feed on the load of Salmonella in the mesenteric and sub-iliac lymph nodes of beef cattle. Bulls of Harer cattle breed managed at Chercher Oda-Bultum Farmers Union beef Farm were used as study subject. A total of 130 bulls were used using double blinded randomized controlled field trial based on parallel group design from January 2018 to July 2018. The study animals were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 100) and control group (n = 30). The feed of treatment group was mixed with EM at dose of 5 × 1010 cfu/day/head and supplemented for 90, 100 and 115 days while that of the control group was mixed with molasses, which acts as placebo. Both the treatment and control were slaughtered and two lymph nodes were collected from each animal under strict sterile condition and processed for the isolation and identification of Salmonella using standard procedure. A significant (p = 0.001) reduction in the load of Salmonella was observed in the lymph node of treatment group as compared to the control group. The load of Salmonella was significantly affected by length of feeding period and age of bulls. This study indicated that effective microbial supplementation to bulls from Harar cattle reduces the load of Salmonella in the lymph node of beef cattle thereby potentially minimizing the economic and public health impacts of Salmonella infection.

关键词： Salmonella Lymph Node Effective Microbial Load

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Level of Bruising and DFD Carcasses from Bulls of Arsi, Boran and Harar Cattle Breeds in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第1期10卷 203-218页

作者： Addis Fikrie Birhanu yesihak yusuf Mummed Mohammad Yousuf Kurtu Beef Cattle Camel and Small Animals Meat Product Research and Processing Industry Development Directorate Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Industry Development Institute/EMDIDI Bishoftu Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Science College of Agriculture and Environmental Science Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia

The objective of the study was to determine the level of Bruising and Dark Firm Dry on Arsi, Boran and Harar cattle breeds in Ethiopia. A total of 39 beef bulls from three different breeds (14 Boran, 14 Harar, and 11 Arsi cattle breeds) were used in this study. Based on the present finding, from 39 slaughtered beef bulls 66.7% was bruised and 30.77% produced DFD meat. Harar breed had the highest (39.1%) overall level of bruising while Boran and Arsi had the lowest level. However, Harar breed had the lowest level of DFD (14.29%). Age groups 3 - 6 and 6 - 9 years had the highest level of a bruise (29.70% and 28.10%, respectively) compared to age groups 2 - 3 years. The mean number of bruises per carcass was 1.96 ± 0.25 while the bruise score per carcass was 3.58 ± 0.68. A linear bruise was the most observed (33.33%) shape of a bruise. It was concluded that the level of bruising and DFD was higher compared to some other abattoir studies in other countries which indicated the possible presence of poor handling practice of cattle from farm to abattoir gates. To minimize the incidence of DFD and bruising, it was recommended that proper handling of cattle during loading, transport, unloading, at lairriage and during slaughter need to be practiced.

关键词： Bruise Dark Firm Dry Bulls and Carcass

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Perception of Fogera Cattle Farmers on Climate Change and Variability in Awi Zone, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 792-815页

作者： Michael Abera yesihak yusuf Mummed Mitiku Eshetu Fabio Pilla Zewdu Wondifraw Department of Animal Sciences Debre Markos University Debre Markos Ethiopia Africa Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia University of Molise Campobasso Italy

This study aimed at assessing perception of Fogera cattle farmers on climate change and variability in selected districts of Awi zone. The zone was classified as lowland (2500 m.a.s.l) based on altitudinal variation from which a total of three districts one per cluster were selected through random sampling. 150 households were selected through systematic random sampling targeting Fogera cattle owners for primary data collection. Over 36 years (from 1983-2019) of meteorological data were taken from the National Meteorological Agency. Meteorological data result confirmed that climate was changing across all the agro-ecological zones. Both the mean annual maximum and minimum temperature was considerably increasing for all agro-ecological zones whereas the mean annual rainfall was decreasing which is consistent with the farmers’ perception. Meteorological data result also showed that the short rainy and dry season rainfall indicated high interannual variability at all agro-ecological zones. Survey result revealed that 97.13% of the farmers recognized climate change and variability impact in all agro-ecological zones. About 80.91% of Fogera cattle farmers reported the incidence of negative impacts of climate change and variability on cattle. Chi-square test values of survey results show that in all agro-ecological zones frequency of drought, duration of dry spell, wind, and floods were ever-increasing (p < 0.001). Moreover, about 84.48%, 65.3%, and 60.47% of farmers owning Fogera cattle in the lowland, midland, and highland, respectively perceived the prevalence of increasing (p < 0.001) cattle mortality. In response to climate change and variability, farmers were reducing number of livestock, diversification of livestock species, and replacing Fogera cattle with small ruminants as adaptation strategies. Thus, regular prediction of climate change and variability and designing pertinent response strategies is essential to redu

关键词： Climate Change and Variability Fogera Cattle Farmers Perceptions

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Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Bulls from Arsi, Boran, Harar and Holstein Frisian Crosses Cattle Breeds Finished under Similar Level of Concentrate Supplementation

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 11-30页

作者： Ahmedin Abdurehman Musa yesihak yusuf Mummed Mohammed yusuf Kurtu Melese Temesgen Travis Gene O’Quinn Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Food Science Institute of technology Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age and breeds (Arsi, Borana, HF-Cross and Harar) on carcass and meat characteristics of bulls finished under similar feeding conditions. The feeding experiment was conducted for 90 days at Beef farm of Haramaya University. In this experiment, 24 bulls were fed with roughage (60%) which contained grass hay and wheat straw and concentrate (40%) which contained wheat bran, noug (gucia abysica) cake, maize grain, limestone, salt and ruminant premix. The bulls were transported to Bishoftu ELFORA export abattoir for slaughter following the procedure of the abattoir. The result of the study revealed that the average slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, shrink loss, commercial dressing and true dressing percentage were 179.1 kg, 86.8 kg, 82.7 kg 4.7%, 48.8% and 78.3%, respectively. Total edible and nonedible offal were significantly (P significantly (P Boran, Harar, and HF-crossbred were 78.1%, 77%, 72.8% and 77.2% respectively. Meat yield was predicted from fat thickness and ribeye area with 61% accuracy. Arsi bulls attained the highest (78%) meat yield at early age but decreased by 0.713 rate as age of animals advanced by one digit whereas the meat yield from other breeds showed increment in meat yield percentage with the rate of 1.98, 1.1 and 0.1 for cross, Borana and Harar breed bulls, respectively as age advanced. Yield from fore shank, sirloin, top and bottom sirloin primal cuts were affected by breed. Arsi breed had higher meat bone ration than cross breed. Retailed meat yield

关键词： Carcass pH Meat Characteristics Carcass Yield

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Carcass and Meat Characteristics of Hararghe Highland Bull after Draught Work Service

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 458-477页

作者： Yohannes Urgesa Ye’i yesihak yusuf Mummed Mohammed yusuf Kurtu Mengistu Urge Leta Travis Gene O’Quinn Animal and Range Sciences Department College of Agriculture Bule Hora University Bule Hora Ethiopia School of Animal and Rangeland Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The objectives of the study were to examine the effects of draught work on carcass characteristics, meat yield potential, and distribution along primal cuts in Hararghe highland bulls fed on net energy requirement basis. Twelve bulls were sorted into three groups of four animals each and assigned to three treatment hours: control (0), 4, or 6, using a complete randomized design (CRD). The results of the study show that there are no significant differences (p > 0.05) in slaughter weight, hot carcass weight (HCW), chilling loss, total edible and non-edible offal, fat thickness (FT), deboned meat yield (kg), meat to bone ratio, muscle distribution, and proportion of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH%) among the treatment groups. However, the hot carcass-based dressing percentage was significantly lowered (p < 0.05) in bulls that work 4 or 6 hours a day. Meat yield was strongly correlated with HCW (r = 0.74) and FT (r = 0.73). Therefore, the number of hours the bull spent on draught work did not negatively impact meat yield or quality. Consequently, the research suggests that utilizing Hararghe highland bulls for draught service, four or six hours a day is viable for dual advantages: crop cultivation and marketable carcass.

关键词： Bulls Draught Work Carcass Characteristics Meat Muscle Distribution

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Selection Criteria for Holstein Friesian and Crossbreed Dairy Cattle Objective Traits in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第4期9卷 429-460页

作者： Amare Berhe Kidane Kefena Effa Delesa yesihak yusuf Mummed Million Tadesse Tegegn Samara University Samara Ethiopia Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institution (ILRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Holeta Ethiopia

There was no research regarding selection criteria for the economically relevant dairy cattle objective traits in Ethiopia. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to determine the selection criteria for Holstein Friesian and crossbreed dairy cattle economically relevant traits. The research was based on 236 respondents of large, medium and small scale dairy farms from Dire-Dawa, Harar, Bishoftu, Holeta agricultural research center and Mekele. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis software and traits preferences were ranked by calculating index values with the principle of weighted average. For Holstein Friesian preducers, the most preferred breeds were pure Holstein Friesian, Holstein Friesian crossbreeds and local cattle breeds with an overall index value of 0.47, 0.36, and 0.13, respectively. Similarly for crossbreed producers, pure Holstein Friesian (0.46), Holstein Friesian crossbreed (0.37) and local cattle (0.15), respectively, were their main breed preferred. In the present study, both Holstein Friesian and crossbreed producers were used milk yield (0.61, and 0.64) and milk yield composition (0.39, and 0.34), as the main preferred selection criteria for milk composition, respectively. On the other situations, age at first calving (0.45, and 0.39), age at first service (0.38, and 0.37), and service per conception (0.08, and 0.17), were the preferred selection criteria for economically relevant reproduction traits both for Holstein Friesian and crossbreed, respectively.

关键词： Dairy Cattle Economically Relevant Traits Selection Criteria

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Growth Performance of Arsi, Borana, Harar and HF-Crossbred Bulls Finished under Similar Feeding Condition

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 171-191页

作者： Ahmedin Abdurehman Musa yesihak yusuf Mummed Mohammed yusuf Kurtu Melese Temesgen Travis Gene O’Quinn Umer Seid Geletu Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia Department of Food Science Institute of Technology Haramaya University Haramaya Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The study was conducted to evaluate the fattening performance of Arsi, Borana, Harar and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls finished under a similar feeding condition at the beef farm in Haramaya University. The average daily weight gain of the four breeds ranges from 0.49 to 0.71 kg. Feed conversion efficiency also ranges from 0.11 - 0.15. Simple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship between live body weight change and change in body condition score as well as seven linear body measurements for all age groups. An average change for a unite of body condition score was equivalent to 20.3, 20.61, 22.42 and 27.78 kg for Borana, Arsi, Harar and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls respectively. Body condition score was significantly influenced by breeds. There was a significant breed by age interaction effect on the initial body condition score of the four breeds. There was a significant and positive strong association between change in body weight and body condition score. There was a significant and strong correlation between change in body weight and change in Total topline, neck length, heart girth, flank circumference and rump length having correlation coefficients ranges from 0.57 to 0.97. A higher net profit of 7380.47 ETB per head was recorded by Borana bulls followed by Harar bulls, Arsi and Holstein Friesian crossbred with net profit of 5406.86, 5193.29 and 3384.98 ETB per head respectively. Borana bulls are more superior in weight gain and net profit. Bodyweight change could be predicted based on body condition score change during the fattening period.

关键词： Weight Gain Body Condition Score Change in Linear Body Measurement

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