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H_∞ drift control of time-delayed seismic structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第4期8卷 617-626页

作者： chang-ching chang Department of Civil Engineering Chung Hsing University(NCHU)

In this paper, an optimal H∞ control algorithm was applied to the design of an active tendon system installed at the first story of a multi-story building to reduce its interstory drift due to earthquake excitations. To achieve optimal control performance and to guarantee the stability of the control system, an optimum strategy to select control parameters γ and α was developed. Analytical expressions of the upper and the lower bounds of γ and α were obtained for a single degree-of-freedom system with state feedback control. The selection ranges for both γ and α are graphically defined so that the controlled system is always stable and the control performance is better than by the conventional LQR control algorithm. Numerical results from a controlled three-story building under real earthquake excitations demonstrate that the peak first interstory drift can be significantly reduced with maximum control force around 10% of the building weight. An optimum design flow chart was provided. In addition, for a time-delayed structure, this study gave explicit formulae to calculate the critical values of γ and a. The system stability and control performance can thus be guaranteed even with time delay.

关键词： H∞ control time delay stability analysis active control active tendon system: state feedback control

老子哲学与“道元”:人工智能token的语义与应用探索

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中国科技术语 2025年第1期27卷 57-63页

作者：张中鸿张庆瑞台湾大学哲学系中国台北市320314 中原大学物理系中国台湾中坜106319

自然语言处理建构在“道元(token)”之上,道元是AI算法处理和学习各种文字、图像与声音数据类型的基本元素。道元生成的过程与老子“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”相似。大语言模型利用“间距”产生道元后,转换成位,透过大量数据的... 详细信息

自然语言处理建构在“道元(token)”之上,道元是AI算法处理和学习各种文字、图像与声音数据类型的基本元素。道元生成的过程与老子“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”相似。大语言模型利用“间距”产生道元后,转换成位,透过大量数据的学习与计算,进行新的道元生成与意义重组。由于结合概率重组,人工智能出现类似于人类行为的不可预测性和独特性。未来借鉴老子哲学和汉字的多样性,人工智能可以发展出更全面和创新的框架。

关键词：道元位道元化间距人工智能老子之道

Repair of a giant inguinoscrotal hernia with herniation of the ileum and sigmoid colon:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第2期11卷 401-407页

作者： Shih-Hung Liu ching-Hen yen Hsu-Ping Tseng Je-Ming Hu ching-Han chang Ta-Wei Pu Department of Surgery Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490Taiwan Division of Urological Surgery Department of SurgerySongshan BranchTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 10581Taiwan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490Taiwan Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiung 802Taiwan Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgerySongshan BranchTri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 10581Taiwan

BACKGROUND Giant inguinoscrotal hernias are huge inguinal hernias that extend below the midpoint of the inner thigh in the standing *** inguinoscrotal hernias are rare in developed countries because of their better medical resources and early ***,they can develop in patients who refuse surgery or ignore their *** is inevitable because strangulation and organ perforation can occur,leading to peritonitis and *** surgical approaches include open abdominal and inguinal approaches or a combination of *** SUMMARY We present the case of a 73-year-old man who visited our emergency department with a huge mass in his left scrotum and septic *** computed tomography revealed a large left inguinoscrotal hernia that contained small bowel loops and the *** surgical intervention was performed immediately because intestinal strangulation was highly *** operative repair was performed using a combination of mini-exploratory laparotomy and the inguinal *** incarcerated organs,which included the ileum and sigmoid colon,had relatively good intestinal perfusion without perforation or ischemic *** were successfully reduced into the abdomen,and bowel resection was not necessary.A tension-free prosthetic mesh was used for the hernia *** weeks after the initial surgery,and with adequate antimicrobial therapy,the patient recovered and was discharged from our *** evidence of hernia relapse was noted during the outpatient follow-up examination 3 mo after *** Emergency surgery involving combined mini-exploratory laparotomy and the inguinal approach should be performed for serious incarcerated giant inguinoscrotal hernias.

关键词： Inguinal hernia Ileum Sigmoid colon Sepsis Hernia repair Case report

Interconnections between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy:diagnostic and therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2169-2180页

作者： Mingyi Yu Faith Teo En Ning chang Liu Yu-Chi Liu Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CenterSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy are ocular complications occurring in the context of diabetes *** corneal neuropathy refers to the progressive damage of corneal *** retinopathy has traditionally been considered as damage to the retinal ***,growing evidence suggests that diabetic retinopathy is a complex neurovascular disorder resulting from dysfunction of the neurovascular unit,which includes both the retinal vascular structures and neural *** retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness and is frequently screened for as part of diabetic ocular ***,diabetic corneal neuropathy is commonly overlooked and underdiagnosed,leading to severe ocular surface *** studies have found that these two conditions tend to occur together,and they share similarities in their pathogenesis pathways,being triggered by a status of chronic *** review aims to discuss the interconnection between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy,whether diabetic corneal neuropathy precedes diabetic retinopathy,as well as the relation between the stage of diabetic retinopathy and the severity of corneal *** also endeavor to explore the relevance of a corneal screening in diabetic eyes and the possibility of using corneal nerve measurements to monitor the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

关键词： cornea corneal nerves diabetes diabetic corneal neuropathy diabetic retinopathy retina

Correlation between colonic secretion and colonic motility in rats: Role of ghrelin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10140-10147页

作者： Hsien-Hao Huang ching-Heng Ting Yu-Fong Syu Shi-Chuan chang Chih-yen Chen Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 112 Taiwan Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan Department of Pathology Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei 104 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 112 Taiwan Department of Chest Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan Faculty of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei 112 Taiwan Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases Guishan 333 Taiwan

AIM To explore the relationship between colonic secretory function and colonic *** Using a rat model chronically implanted with intracerebroventricular(ICV) and cecal catheters, we validated the correlation between colonic secretion and colonic motor functions, as well as the role of ICV injection *** Compared to saline controls(5 μL/rat), ICV acyl ghrelin at 1 nmol/5 μL enhanced the total fecal weight, accelerated the colonic transit time, and increased the fecal pellet output during the first hour post-injection, while ICV des-acyl ghrelin at 1 nmol/5 μL only accelerated the colonic transit time. These stimulatory effects on colonic motility and/or secretion from acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin disappeared when the ICV injection volume increased to 10 μL compared with saline controls(10 μL/rat). Additionally, the ICV injection of 10 μL of saline significantly shortened the colonic transit time compared with the ICV injection of 5 μL of saline. The total fecal weight during the first hour post-injection correlated with the colonic transit time and fecal pellet output after the ICV injection of acyl ghrelin(1 nmol/5 μL), whereas the total fecal weight during the first hour post-injection correlated with the fecal pellet output but not the colonic transit time after the ICV injection of des-acyl ghrelin(1 nmol/5 μL).CONCLUSION Colonic secretion does not always correlate with colonic motility in response to different colonic stimulations. Acyl ghrelin stimulates colonic secretion.

关键词： Colonic transit time Fecal pellet output Ghrelin Intracerebroventricular injection Secretion Transit

Modeling for critical state line of granular soil with evolution of grain size distribution due to particle breakage

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 473-486页

作者： ching S.chang Yibing Deng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Massachusetts

Determination of the critical state line(CSL)is important to characterize engineering properties of granular *** size distribution(GSD)has a significant influence on the location of *** influence of particle breakage on the CSL is mainly attributed to the change in GSD due to particle ***,GSD has not been properly considered in modeling the CSL with influence of particle *** study aims to propose a quantitative model to determine the CSL considering the effect of *** hypothesize that the change of critical state void ratio with respect to GSD is caused by the same mechanism that influences of the change of minimum void ratio with respect to ***,the particle packing model for minimum void ratio proposed by chang et al.(2017)is extended to predict critical state void *** developed model is validated by experimental results of CSLs for several types of granular *** the evolution of GSD due to particle breakage is incorporated into the *** model is further evaluated using the experimental results on rockfill material,which illustrates the applicability of the model in predicting CSL for granular material with particle breakage.

关键词： Critical state void ratio Particle breakage Grain size distribution Particle packing model Granular material

Relationship between use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and irritable bowel syndrome: A populationbased cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第19期23卷 3513-3521页

作者： Wan-Tzu Lin Yi-Jun Liao yen-Chun Peng Chung-Hsin chang ching-Heng Lin Hong-Zen Yeh Chi-Sen chang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicinePuli Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital Faculty of Medicine College of MedicineNational Yang-Ming University Taichung Veteran General Hospital

AIM To investigate the relationship between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI)use and the subsequent development of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS This retrospective,observational,population-based cohort study collected data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.A total of 19653patients newly using SSRIs and 78612 patients not using SSRIs,matched by age and sex at a ratio of 1:4, were enrolled in the study from January 1,2000 to December 31,*** patients were followed until IBS diagnosis,withdrawal from the National Health Insurance system,or the end of *** analyzed the effects of SSRIs on the risk of subsequent IBS using Cox proportional hazards regression *** A total of 236 patients in the SSRI cohort(incidence,2.17/1000 person-years)and 478 patients in the comparison cohort(incidence,1.04/1000 person-years)received a new diagnosis of *** mean follow-up period from SSRI exposure to IBS diagnosis was *** incidence of IBS increased with advancing *** with anxiety disorders had a significantly increased adjusted hazard ratio(a HR)of IBS(a HR=1.33,95%CI:1.11-1.59,P=0.002).After adjusting for sex,age,urbanization,family income,area of residence,occupation,the use of anti-psychotics and other comorbidities,the overall a HR in the SSRI cohort compared with that in the comparison cohort was1.74(95%CI:1.44-2.10;P<0.001).The cumulative incidence of IBS was higher in the SSRI cohort than in the non-SSRI cohort(log-rank test,P<0.001).CONCLUSION SSRI users show an increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of IBS in Taiwan.

关键词： Brain-gut axis Irritable bowel syndrome Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Microplastic and nanoplastic exposure and risk of diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 24-29页

作者： Hui-Yi Hsiao Chung-Yi Nien Ruei-Feng Shiu Wei-Chun Chin Tzung-Hai yen Department of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkouTaoyuan 33305TaiwanChina Department of Life Sciences National Central UniversityZhongli 320317TaoyuanTaiwanChina Center of Excellence for The Oceans Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung 20224TaiwanChina Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung 20224TaiwanChina Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of California MercedMercedCA 95343United States Department of Nephrology Clinical Poison CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou 33305TaoyuanTaiwanChina School of Traditional Chinese Medicine College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33302TaiwanChina

The issue of plastic pollutants has become a growing *** microplastics(MPs)(particle size<5 mm)and nanoplastics(NPs)(particle size<1μm)can cause DNA damage,cytotoxicity,and oxidative stress in various *** primary known impacts of microplastic/nanoplastic are observed in the liver and respiratory system,leading to hepatotoxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary *** research on the effects of MPs and NPs on diabetes is still in its early stages,there are potential *** editorial highlights the risk to diabetics from co-exposure to contaminants and MPs/NPs,supported by evidence from animal studies and the various chemical compositions of MPs/NPs.

关键词： Microplastics Nanoplastics Plastic pollution,Diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance

Fractionated evaluation of immunohistochemical hormone receptor expression enhances prognostic prediction in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： ching-hung LIN Huang-chun LIEN Fu-chang HU yen-shen LU Sung-hsin KUO Ling-chu WE San-lin YOU Ann-lii CHENG King-jen chang Department of Oncology National Taiwan University Hospital Taiwan Taipei 10016 Department of Pathology National Taiwan University Hospital Taiwan Taipei 10016 National Center of Excellence for General Clinical Trial and Research National Taiwan University Hospital Taiwan Taipei 1001 6 Graduate Institute of Epidemiology College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taiwan Taipei 10055 Department of Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital Taiwan Taipei 10016

Objective： To compare the prognostic prediction between dichotomized and fractionated evaluations of hormone receptor expressions. Methods： Patients with stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ breast cancers, who received adjuvant tamoxifen, were enrolled. The expression of estrogen receptor （ER） and progesterone receptor （PR） was evaluated by immu- nohistochemistry （IHC）. A fractionated score （F score）, the percentage of positive-staining nuclei （0=none, 1=1%-10% 2= 11%-30%, 3=31%-50%, 4=51%-70%, and 5=71%-100%）, was assigned to each case. The dichotomized scoring method defines an F score 〉1 as positive. The prognostic values of both scores were compared by multiple Cox＇s proportional hazard models of disease-free survival （DFS） and overall survival （OS）. Results： Four hundred and six- teen patients with a median follow-up of 78.0 months were included. F scores for ER and PR correlated directly with DFS and OS. Although both the dichotomized and fractionated ER and PR scores were significantly associated with DFS and OS in univariate analyses, only fractionated ER and PR scores remained as independent prognostic factors of DFS and OS in the final multiple Cox＇s proportional hazard models. Conclusion： Fractionated IHC hormone receptor expression evaluation enhances the prognostic prediction compared with a dichotomized assessment.

关键词： Breast cancer Fractionated evaluation Estrogen receptor Progesterone receptor