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AlphaFold-guided redesign of a plant pectin methylesterase inhibitor for broad-spectrum disease resistance

Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1344-1368页

作者： yeqiang Xia Guangzheng Sun Junhua Xiao Xinyi He Haibin Jiang Zhichao Zhang Qi Zhang Kainan Li Sicong Zhang Xuechao Shi Zhaoyun Wang Lin Liu Yao Zhao Yuheng Yang Kaixuan Duan wenwu ye Yiming Wang Suomeng Dong Yan Wang Zhenchuan Ma Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjng Agricultural UniversityNanjngJiangsu 210095China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China School of Bioengineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBejing 100193China These authors contributed equally to the article.

Plant cell walls are a critical site where plants and pathogens continuously struggle for physiological *** we show that dynamic remodeling of pectin methylesterification of plant cell walls is a compo-nent of the physiological and co-evolutionary struggles between hosts and pathogens.A pectin methyles-terase(PsPME1)secreted by Phytophthora sojae decreases the degree of pectin methylesterification,thus synergizing with an endo-polygalacturonase(PsPG1)to weaken plant cell *** counter PsPME1-mediated susceptibility,a plant-derived pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein,GmPMl1,protects pectin to maintain a high methylesterification ***1 protects plant cell walls from enzymatic degrada-tion by inhibiting both soybean and *** pectin methylesterases during ***,constitutive expression of GmPMl1 disrupted the trade-off between host growth and defense *** therefore used AlphaFold structure tools to design a modified form of GmPMI1(GmPMI1R)that specifically targets and inhibits pectin methylesterases secreted from pathogens but notfrom *** expression of GmPMi1R enhanced plant resistance to oomycete and fungal *** summary,our work highlights the biochemical modification of the cell wall as an important focal point in the physiological and co-evolutionary conflict between hosts and microbes,providing an important proof of concept that Al-driven structure-based tools can accelerate the development of new strategies for plant protection.

关键词： apoplastic immunity AlphaFold-guided redesign broad-spectrum disease resistance pectin methyl-esteraseinhibitor cell wall

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Genome sequencing reveals the evolution and pathogenic mechanisms of the wheat sharp eyespot pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 405-416页

作者： Lin Lu Feilong Guo Zhichao Zhang Xiuliang Zhu Yu Hao Jinfeng Yu wenwu ye Zengyan Zhang National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic ChinaInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Plant Pathology/Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China) The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina

The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of devastating diseases of cereal crops including wheat(Triticum aestivum).We present a high-quality genome assembly of *** Rc207,a virulent strain causing wheat sharp *** assembly(56.36 Mb)is composed of 17.87%repeat sequences and 14,433 predicted protein-encoding *** Rc207 genome encodes a large and diverse set of genes involved in pathogenicity,especially rich in those encoding secreted proteins,carbohydrateactive enzymes(CAZymes),peptidases,nucleases,cytochrome P450,and secondary metabolismassociated *** secretory protein-encoding genes,including CAZymes,peroxygenases,dehydrogenases,and cytochrome P450,were up-regulated during fungal infection of *** identified 831 candidate secretory effectors and validated the functions of 10 up-regulated candidate effector *** them,nine were confirmed as necrotrophic pathogen’s effectors promoting fungal *** potential mobile or plastic genomic regions rich in repeat sequences suggest their roles in fungal adaption and virulence-associated genomic *** study provides valuable resources for further comparative and functional genomics on important fungal pathogens,and provides essential tools for development of effective disease control strategies.

关键词： Effector Evolution Pathogenesis Rhizoctonia cerealis Secretory proteins Sharp eyespot Wheat(Triticum aestivum)

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Fusarium-produced vitamin B6 promotes the evasion of soybean resistance by Phytophthora sojae

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植物学报:英文版 2023年第9期65卷 2204-2217页

作者： Shuchen Wang Xiaoyi Zhang Zhichao Zhang Yun Chen Qing Tian Dandan Zeng Miao Xu Yan Wang Suomeng Dong Zhonghua Ma Yuanchao Wang Xiaobo Zheng wenwu ye Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However,pathogen–pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium spp. also cause soybean root rot. In a 3-year field investigation, we discovered that P. sojae and Fusarium spp. frequently coexisted in diseased soybean roots. Out of 336 P. sojae–soybean–Fusarium combinations,more than 80% aggravated disease. Different Fusarium species all enhanced P. sojae infection when co-inoculated on soybean. Treatment with Fusarium secreted non-proteinaceous metabolites had an effect equal to the direct pathogen coinoculation. By screening a Fusarium graminearum mutant library, we identified Fusarium promoting factor of Phytophthora sojae infection 1(Fpp1),encoding a zinc alcohol dehydrogenase. Fpp1 is functionally conserved in Fusarium and contributes to metabolite-mediated infection promotion, in which vitamin B6(VB6) produced by Fusarium is key. Transcriptional and functional analyses revealed that Fpp1 regulates two VB6 metabolism genes, and VB6 suppresses expression of soybean disease resistance-related genes. These results reveal that co-infection with Fusarium promotes loss of P. sojae resistance in soybean, information that will inform the sustainable use of diseaseresistant crop varieties and provide new strategies to control soybean root rot.

关键词： fungal metabolites pathogen–host interaction Phytophthora sojae soybean root rot vitamin B6

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Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第2期63卷 365-377页

作者： Bo Yang Yuyin Wang Mengjun Tian Kaixin Dai Wenyue Zheng Zehan Liu Sen Yang Xinyu Liu Dongya Shi Haifeng Zhang Yan Wang wenwu ye Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Filamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F. graminearum. Herein, we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome. Among them, the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean;its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum. Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light-dependent manner. Fg12 possessed ribonuclease(RNase) activity, degrading total RNA. The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death-promoting effects. Importantly, the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1, and treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae. Overall, our results provide evidence that RNase effectors not only contribute to pathogen virulence but also induce plant cell death.

关键词： cell death effector fungal ribonuclease Fusarium graminearum virulence

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The Phytophthora effector Avh241 interacts with host NDR1-like proteins to manipulate plant immunity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第7期63卷 1382-1396页

作者： Bo Yang Sen Yang Baodian Guo Yuyin Wang Wenyue Zheng Mengjun Tian Kaixin Dai Zehan Liu Haonan Wang Zhenchuan Ma Yan Wang wenwu ye Suomeng Dong Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins to suppress host innate immune responses and facilitate *** the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh241 promotes Phytophthora infection,the molecular basis of Avh241 virulence remains poorly *** we identified non-race specific disease resistance 1(NDR1)-like proteins,the critical components in plant effector-triggered immunity(ETI)responses,as host targets of ***241 interacts with NDR1 in the plasma membrane and suppresses NDR1-participated ETI *** of GmNDR1s increases the susceptibility of soybean to *** infection,and overexpression of GmNDR1s reduces infection,which supports its positive role in plant immunity against ***,we demonstrate that GmNDR1 interacts with itself,and Avh241 probably disrupts the self-association of *** data highlight an effective counter-defense mechanism by which a Phytophthora effector suppresses plant immune responses,likely by disturbing the function of NDR1 during infection.

关键词： NDR1 protein Phytophthora pathogens plant immunity RXLR effector virulence target

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EXPERT OPTIMIZED CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION PROCESS OF HYDROMETALLURGY OF ZINC

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1997年第4期7卷 134-138页

作者： Yang Chunhua, Gui Weihua, ye wenwu Information Engineering Institute, Central South University of Technology, Changsha 410083

ＥＸＰＥＲＴＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＥＤＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＦＯＲＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＬＹＴＩＣＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＯＦＨＹＤＲＯＭＥＴＡＬＬＵＲＧＹＯＦＺＩＮＣ①ＹａｎｇＣｈｕｎｈｕａ，ＧｕｉＷｅｉｈｕａ... 详细信息

ＥＸＰＥＲＴＯＰＴＩＭＩＺＥＤＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＦＯＲＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＬＹＴＩＣＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＯＦＨＹＤＲＯＭＥＴＡＬＬＵＲＧＹＯＦＺＩＮＣ①ＹａｎｇＣｈｕｎｈｕａ，ＧｕｉＷｅｉｈｕａ，ＹｅＷｅｎｗｕＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉ...

关键词： hydrometallurgy of zinc electrolytic deposit process expert optimization self learning real time control

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Phytophthora sojae Effector PsAvh240 Inhibits Host Aspartic Protease Secretion to Promote Infection

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Molecular Plant 2019年第4期12卷 552-564页

作者： Baodian Guo Haonan Wang Bo Yang Wenjing Jiang Maofeng Jing Haiyang Li yeqiang Xia Yuanpeng Xu Qinli Hu Fangfang Wang Feng Yu Yan Wang wenwu ye Suomeng Dong Weiman Xing Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) Nanjing 210095China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.239 Zhangheng RoadShanghai 201204China

Plants secrete defense molecules into the extracellular space (the apoplast) to combat attacking microbes. However, the mechanisms by which successful pathogens subvert plant apoplastic immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that PsAvh240, a membrane-localized effector of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae, promotes P. sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. We found that PsAvh240 interacts with the soybean-resistant aspartic protease GmAP1 in planta and suppresses the secretion of GmAP1 into the apoplast. By solving its crystal structure we revealed that PsAvh240 contain six a helices and two WY motifs. The first two a helices of PsAvh240 are responsible for its plasma membrane-localization and are required for PsAvh240's interaction with GmAP1. The second WY motifs of two PsAvh240 molecules form a handshake arrangement resulting in a handshake-like dimer. This dimerization is required for the effector's repression of GmAP1 secretion. Taken together, these data reveal that PsAvh240 localizes at the plasma membrane to interfere with GmAP1 secretion, which represents an effective mechanism by which effector proteins suppress plant apoplastic immunity.

关键词： Phytophthora sojae effector, handshake-like dimer soybean aspartic protease plant apoplastic immunity effector triggered susceptibility

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Functional Characterization of Two Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Components of the MAPK Cascade in Phomopsis longicolla

Functional Characterization of Two Cell Wall Integrity Pathw...

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中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： ZHANG Chen ZHANG Haifeng ZHENG Xiaobo ye wenwu WANG Yuanchao Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University

The pathogenic fungus Phomopsis longicolla causes numerous plant diseases,such as Phomopsis seed decay,pod and stem blight,and stem canker,which seriously affect the yield and quality of soybean production *** of a lack of technology for efficient manipulation of genes for functional genomics,understanding of *** pathogenesis is ***,we developed an efficient polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation system in *** that we used to characterize the functions of two genes involved in the cell wall integrity(CWl) pathway of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) cascade,including PlMkk1,which encodes MAPK kinase,and its downstream gene PlSlt2,which encodes *** gene knockout mutants ΔPlMkk1 and ΔPISlt2 displayed a reduced growth rate,fragile aerial hyphae,abnormal polarized growth and pigmentation,defects in sporulation,inadequate CWI,enhanced sensitivity to abiotic stress agents,and significant deficiencies in virulence,although there were some differences in *** results suggest that PlMkkl and PlSlt2 are crucial for a series of growth and development processes as well as *** developed transformation system will be a useful tool for additional gene function research and will aid in the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of ***.

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Global Analysis of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Reveals New Pathogenic Factors Involved in the Pathogenicity of Diaporthe species

Global Analysis of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Reveals New Pa...

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中国植物病理学会2023年学术年会

作者： LI Kainan ZHANG Chen ZHANG Zhichao ye wenwu WANG Yuanchao Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Nanjing Agricultural University

Diaporthe fungi cause severe diseases in a variety of *** pathogens produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites(SMs),which have toxin,antiviral,antifungal,and enzyme inhibitory activities,and seem intrinsically tied to the ***,little is known about their potential of SM biosynthesis and functional mechanisms of the ***,we performed PacBio long-read sequencing for four major Diaporthe species isolated from diseased soybeans and obtained the corresponding telomere-to-telomere(T2 T) gap-free genome ***-wide identification of SM biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs) revealed that Diaporthe has abundant *** BGCs are hyperdiverse with very low sequence similarity to those in other genera and even other Diaporthe *** by environmental adaptation,gene replication and horizontal gene transfer may be two critical evolutionary pathways of the *** specific transcription of BGCs during Diaporthe infection in soybean and the significant decrease of Diaporthe pathogenicity observed in BGC core gene knockout mutants indicated that BGCs represent a class of pathogenic factors involved in the pathogenicity of Diaporthe species.

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A bHLH Transcription Factor,Associated with PsHint1,May be Required for the Chemotaxis and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora sojae

A bHLH Transcription Factor,Associated with PsHint1,May be R...

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中国植物病理学会2017年学术年会

作者： Qiu Min Zhang Baiyu Li Yaling ye wenwu Wang Yuanchao Plant Pathology Department Nanjing Agricultural University

Zoospore chemotaxis and early infectionare key stages in the interaction between Phytophthora sojae and its host *** regulation is required for precise gene expression during a series of biological processes including these *** previous studies show that a G-protein a subunitencoded by PsGPA1 regulates the chemotaxis and pathogenicity of *** addition,PsHint1,a histidine triad（HIT） domain-containing protein orthologous to human HIT nucleotide-binding protein 1（HINT1）,interacts with PsGPA1 and exhibited a PsGPAl-like biological function in ***,we noticed that Hint1 could usually inhibit bHLH family transcription factors（TFs） in *** found there were 6 bHLH TFs in ***,and PsbHLH1 showed higher transcription levels during stages of zoospores,cysts,and ***,PsbHLH1 interacts with PsHintl in the GSTPull down *** the basis of CRISPR/Cas9-mediaed gene knock-out,weare focusing on phenotypic analysis for the obtained *** results showed that PsbHLH1 may also be required for the chemotaxis and pathogenicity of ***,playing as a downstream transcriptional regulator in the PsGPAl-associated signaling pathway.

关键词： Phytophthora sojae bHLH transcription factor Chemotaxis Pathogenicity

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