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Improving Simulations of Vegetation Dynamics over the Tibetan Plateau:Role of Atmospheric Forcing Data and Spatial Resolution

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1115-1132,I0018-I0022页

作者： Zhijie KANG Bo QIU Zheng XIANG ye liu Zhiqiang LIN Weidong GUO School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Washington 99354USA Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

The efficacy of vegetation dynamics simulations in offline land surface models(LSMs)largely depends on the quality and spatial resolution of meteorological forcing *** this study,the Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing Data(PMFD)and the high spatial resolution and upscaled China Meteorological Forcing Data(CMFD)were used to drive the Simplified Simple Biosphere model version 4/Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics(SSiB4/TRIFFID)and investigate how meteorological forcing datasets with different spatial resolutions affect simulations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP),a region with complex topography and sparse *** comparing the monthly Leaf Area Index(LAI)and Gross Primary Production(GPP)against observations,we found that SSiB4/TRIFFID driven by upscaled CMFD improved the performance in simulating the spatial distributions of LAI and GPP over the TP,reducing RMSEs by 24.3%and 20.5%,*** multi-year averaged GPP decreased from 364.68 gC m^(-2)yr^(-1)to 241.21 gC m^(-2)yr^(-1)with the percentage bias dropping from 50.2%to-1.7%.When using the high spatial resolution CMFD,the RMSEs of the spatial distributions of LAI and GPP simulations were further reduced by 7.5%and 9.5%,*** study highlights the importance of more realistic and high-resolution forcing data in simulating vegetation growth and carbon exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere over the TP.

关键词： SSiB4 meteorological forcing data vegetation dynamics spatial resolution Tibetan Plateau

A temporal gene expression map of Chrysanthemum leaves infected with Alternaria alternata reveals different stages of defense mechanisms

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2404-2417页

作者： ye liu Jingjing Xin Lina liu Aiping Song Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium)black spot disease(CBS)poses a major threat to Chrysanthemum cultivation owing to suitable climate conditions and current lack of resistant cultivars for greenhouse *** this study,we identified a number of genes that respond to Alternaria alternata infection in resistant and susceptible Chrysanthemum *** on RNA sequencing technology and a weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),we constructed a model to elucidate the response of Chrysanthemum leaves to *** infection at different stages and compared the mapped response of the resistant cultivar‘Jinba’to that of the susceptible cultivar‘Zaoyihong’.In the early stage of infection,when lesions had not yet formed,abscisic acid(ABA),salicylic acid(SA)and EDS1-mediated resistance played important roles in the Chrysanthemum defense *** the formation of necrotic lesions,ethylene(ET)metabolism and the Ca^(2+)signal transduction pathway strongly responded to *** *** the late stage,when necrotic lesions continued to expand,members of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)gene family were highly expressed,and their products may be involved in defense against *** invasion by exporting toxins produced by the pathogen,which plays important roles in the pathogenicity of ***,the function of hub genes was verified by qPCR and transgenic *** identification of hub genes at different stages,the comparison of hub genes between the two cultivars and the highly expressed genes in the resistant cultivar‘Jinba’provide a theoretical basis for breeding cultivars resistant to CBS.

关键词： metabolism invasion breeding

Cu_(2)Si_(x)Sn_(1−x)S_(3) Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering For Low-Cost Thin Film Solar Cells

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第10期28卷 274-276页

作者： YAN Chang liu Fang-Yang LAI Yan-Qing LI Jie liu ye-Xiang Departments of Metallurgical Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083

We report the preparation of Cu_(2)Si_(x)Sn_(1−x)S_(3) thin films for thin film solar cell absorbers using the reactive magnetron co−sputtering *** dispersive spectrometer and x-ray diffraction analyses indicate that Cu_(2)Si_(x)Sn_(1−x)S_(3) thin films can be synthesized successfully by partly substituting Si atoms for Sn atoms in the Cu_(2)SnS_(3) lattice,leading to a shrinkage of the lattice,and,accordingly,by 2θshifting to larger *** blue shift of the Raman peak further confirms the formation of Cu_(2)Si_(x)Sn_(1−x)S_(3).Environmental scanning electron microscope analyses reveal a polycrystalline and homogeneous morphology with a grain size of about 200–300 *** measurements indicate an optical absorption coefficient of higher than 104 cm^(−1) and an optical bandgap of 1.17±0.01 eV.

关键词： technique analyses lattice

A Scenario-Based Robust Transmission Network Expansion Planning Method for Consideration of Wind Power Uncertainties

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第1期2卷 11-18页

作者： Jinghua Li liu ye Yan Zeng Hua Wei School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

This paper uses a novel scenario generation method for tackling the uncertainties of wind power in the transmission network expansion planning(TNEP)problem.A heuristic moment matching(HMM)method is first applied to generate the typical scenarios for capturing the stochastic features of wind power,including expectation,standard deviation,skewness,kurtosis,and correlation of multiple wind ***,based on the typical scenarios,a robust TNEP problem is presented and *** solution of the problem is robust against all the scenarios that represent the stochastic features of wind *** test systems are used to verify the HMM method and is compared against Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array(OA)*** simulation results show that the HMM method has better performance than the OA method in terms of the trade-off between robustness and ***,the main factors influencing the planning scheme are studied,including the number of scenarios,wind farm capacity,and penalty factors,which provide a reference for system operators choosing parameters.

关键词： Heuristic moment matching method robust optimization scenario generation transmission network expansion planning uncertainty wind power

Prestoring lithium into SnO_(2)coated 3D carbon fiber cloth framework as dendrite-free lithium metal anode

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 89-97页

作者： Tao Wei Yanyan Zhou Cheng Sun Lesheng liu Sijia Wang Mengting Wang ye liu Qing Huang Quanchao Zhuang Yongfu Tang School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Li-ion Batteries Lab School of Materials Science and EngineeringChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China

For several decades,the promise of implementing of lithium(Li)metal anodes has been regarded as the"holy grail"for Li-based ***,we have proposed a facile design of a carbon fiber cloth(CFC)framework coated with SnO_(2)nanoparticles through a hydrothermal process,which served as a reliable host for prestoring molten Li to produce a CFC@SnO_(2)@Li composite ***,TEM,HRTEM,XPS and different electrochemical characterizations were carried *** to the synergetic effects of the 3D conductive CFC and the coated lithiophilic SnO_(2)nanoparticles,the designed CFC@SnO_(2)@Li electrodes can buffer the volume changes and reduce the local current density,thus suppress the Li dendrites during ***,the CFC@SnO_(2)electrodes showed a high and stable CE of 98.6%for 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 mA cm^(-2)(1 mAh cm^(-2)).What is more,at a high current density of 5 mA cm^(-2)and a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm^(-2),the symmetric cell displayed relatively low overpotential and long cycling lifetime of 1600 *** results confirm its great potential as lithium metal anodes in practical battery applications.

关键词： Lithiophilic Lithium metal anodes SnO_(2) 3D anode Dendrite-free

Locating Sources of Oscillations Induced by Control of Voltage Source Converters Based on Energy Structure and Nonlinearity Detection

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第4期12卷 1285-1294页

作者： Zetian Zheng Shaowei Huang Jun Yan Qiangsheng Bu Chen Shen Mingzhong Zheng ye liu State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd.Research InstituteNanjing 211103China

The oscillation phenomena associated with the control of voltage source converters(VSCs)are concerning,making it crucial to locate the sources of such oscillations and suppress the ***,this paper presents a location scheme based on the energy structure and nonlinearity *** energy structure,which conforms to the principle of the energy-based method and dissipativity theory,is developed to describe the transient energy flow for VSCs,based on which a defined characteristic quantity is implemented to narrow the scope for locating the sources of ***,based on the self-sustained oscillation characteristics of VsCs,an index for nonlinearity detection is applied to locate the VSCs that produce the oscillation *** combination of the energy structure and nonlinearity detection distinguishes the contribu-tions of different VSCs to the *** results of a case study implemented by the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation validate theproposed scheme.

关键词： Double-loop proportional-integral(PI)control energy structure Hamiltonian model nonlinearity detection oscillation source location(OSL) voltage source converter(VSC)

Geochemistry and spatial distribution of OIB and MORB in A’nyemaqen ophiolite zone: Evidence of Majixue-shan ancient ridge-centered hotspot

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 197-208页

作者： GUO AnLin ZHANG GuoWei SUN YanGui ZHENG JianKang liu ye WANG JianQi National Key Lab of Continental Dynamics Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Qinghai Institute of Geological Survey Xining 810012China

The mafic volcanic association is made up of OIB, E-MORB and N-MORB in the A'nyemaqen Paleozoic ophiolites. Compared with the same type rocks in the world, the mafic rocks generally display lower Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios and some have Nb depletion and Pb enrichment. The OIB are LREE-enriched with (La/Yb)N =5―20, N-MORB are LREE-depleted with (La/Yb)N = 0.41―0.5. The OIB are featured by incompatible element enrichment and the N-MORB are obviously depleted with some metasomatic ef- fect, and E-MORB are geochemically intermediated. These rocks are distributed around the Majixue- shan OIB and gabbros in a thickness greater than a thousand meters and transitionally change along the ophiolite extension in a west-east direction, showing a symmetric distribution pattern as centered by the Majixueshan OIB, that is, from N-MORB, OIB and E-MORB association in the Dur'ngoi area to OIB in the Majixueshan area and then to N-MORB, OIB and E-MORB assemblage again in the Buqing- shan area. By consideration of the rock association, the rock spatial distribution and the thickness of the mafic rocks in the Majixueshan, coupled with the metasomatic relationship between the OIB and MORB sources, it can be argued that the Majixueshan probably corresponds to an ancient hotspot or an ocean island formed by mantle plume on the A'nyemaqeh ocean ridge, that is the ridge-centered hotspot, tectonically similar to the present-day Iceland hotspot.

关键词： A’nyemaqen ophiolite zone OIB N-MORB and E-MORB association spatial distribution Majixueshan ridge-centered hotspot me- tasomatism mantle plume

DsbA-DsbAmut fusion chaperon improved soluble expression of human trypsinogen-1 in Escherichia coli

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 511-521页

作者： ye liu Wenyong Zhang Xubin Yang Guangbo Kang Damei Wang He Huang Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering Department of Biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300072 China Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals Beijing 101100 China Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan 030000 China

A co-expressing system ofDsbA-DsbAmut was suggested for the first time to enhance the soluble expression of human trypsin-1. As a control, leaderless DsbA chaperone was also co-expressed with human trypsin-1. Vectors pET39b-trypsin and pET28a-DsbA- DsbAn^ut-trypsin with the above two DsbA fusion tag were constructed. The strain with vector pET39b-trypsin expressed fusion protein DsbA-trypsin in form of inclusion bodies. While in E. coli BL21 （DE3） strain with vector pET28a-DsbA-DsbAmUt-trypsin, the soluble expression of trypsin fusion protein was achieved. Under the optimized expression conditions, the soluble fraction accounted for about 49.43% of total DsbA-DsbAmUt-trypsin proteins in crude supernatant. The purification yield was 4.15% by nickel chelating chromatography and 3.3 mg activated trypsin with a purity of 88.68% was obtained from 1 L LB broth. To detect the possible functions of DsbA series chaperons in trypsin fusion protein, we analyzed the primary three-dimensional structure of fusion proteins, mainly focusing on the compatibleness between trypsin and fusion chaperons. The results suggested that （1） besides the primary function in periplasm, leaderless DsbA or DsbAmut may also act as a signal sequences-like leader targeted to periplasm that partly relieved the pressure from fusion protein overexpression and inclusion body formation, and （2） as there was significant soluble expression of DsbA-DsbAmUt-trypsin compared with DsbA-trypsin, DsbArout may function as charge or hydrophobic balance in recombinant protein DsbA-DsbAmut- trypsin.

关键词： DsbA DsbA-DsbAmut soluble expression,trypsin chaperon

The impact of biofuel plantation on biodiversity: a review

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第34期59卷 4639-4651页

作者： ye liu Yue Xu Fengchun Zhang Jinqi Yun Zehao Shen Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Foreign Economic Cooperation Office Ministry of Environmental Protection

Because plants convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organisms, biomass production as an energy source can help to reduce the world's reliance on fossil energy and mitigate global warming. Biofuel production is a fast-growing industry that represents a new type of large-scale human disturbance on ecosystems. Thus, the benefits of biofuel production bring environmental risks that include its potential impact on biodiversity, which is still an open question. In this review, we start first with a brief overview of the evolution of biofuel concept; second, we review the state of biofuel production across the continents,with a major emphasis on the main species used and their major feedstock. For which, we found significant differences for land use and environmental cultural management of biofuel plantation between tropical and temperate ***, we summarize the impacts of biofuel plantation on biodiversity at multiple scales, based on the case studied with respect to the corresponding issues. At the genetic level,introgression and contamination by aggressive genotypes are a primary risk. At the species level, habitat pollution, degradation, and disturbance caused by intensive managementof biofuel plantation significantly raise the risk of habitat fragmentation, native extinction, and bio-invasion. At the ecosystem level, the large-scale homogeneous landscape of biofuel plantation results in simplified community and food web that severely damage ecosystem services, including ecosystem diversity. Finally, we compare the current and potential benefits and risks of biofuel plantations for the practical application of a biofuel industry of China. We emphasize the land use constraint from food security and biodiversity conservation, and the need for scientific research and systematic monitoring as a critical support for the sustainable development of biofuel production in China.

关键词：生物多样性保护生物燃料种植环境生态系统服务生态系统多样性燃料生产人为干扰环境风险