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Variations in surface functional groups, carbon chemical state and graphitization degree during thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 678-687页

作者： Ye Liu Sijin Wu Chenyang Fan Xin Wang Fangjie liu Haibo Chen Institute for Transport Studies University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Vehicle&Transportation Engineering Institute Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China

The thermal deactivation of diesel soot particles exerts a significant influence on the control strategy for the regeneration of diesel particulate filters(DPFs).This work focused on the changes in the surface functional groups,carbon chemical state,and graphitization degree during thermal treatment in an inert gas environment at intermediate temperatures of 600℃,800℃,and 1000℃ and explore the chemical species that were desorbed from the diesel soot surface during thermal treatment using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled with a gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer(TGA-GC/MS).The surface functional groups and carbon chemical statewere characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The graphitization degree was evaluated by means of Raman spectroscopy(RS).The concentrations of aliphatic C–H,C–OH,C=O,and O–C=O groups are reduced for diesel soot and carbon black when increasing the thermal treatment temperature,while the sp^(2)/sp^(3) hybridized ratio and graphitization degree enhance.These results provide comprehensive evidence of the decreased reactivity of soot samples.Among oxygenated functional groups,the percentage reduction during thermal treatment is the largest for the O–C=O groups owing to its worst thermodynamic stability.TGA-GC/MS results show that the aliphatic and aromatic chains and oxygenated species would be desorbed from the soot surface during 1000℃ thermal treatment of diesel soot.

关键词： Diesel soot particles Surface functional groups Carbon chemical state Graphitization degree Thermal deactivation

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Time Decay Rate of Solutions Toward the Viscous Shock Waves under Periodic Perturbations for the Scalar Conservation Law with Nonlinear Viscosity

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2023年第1期39卷 28-48页

作者： ye-chi liu Academy of Mathmatics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In this paper,it is proved that the weak solution to the Cauchy problem for the scalar viscous conservation law,with nonlinear viscosity,different far field states and periodic perturbations,not only exists globally in time,but also converges towards the viscous shock wave of the corresponding Riemann problem as time goes to infinity.Furthermore,the decay rate is shown.The proof is given by a technical energy method.

关键词： viscous conservation law asymptotic behavior time decay rate viscous shock wave periodic perturbation

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Reconfiguration and self-healing integrated Janus electrospinning nanofiber membranes for durable seawater desalination

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 489-495页

作者： Huijie liu Jiatai Gu Ye Liu Lei Yang Liming Wang Jianyong Yu Xiaohong Qin Key Laboratory of Textile Science&Technology of Ministry of Education College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Lowdimension MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Janus electrospinning nanofiber membranes have attracted extensive attention in the fields such as solar-driven interfacial desalination,liquid filtration,and waterproof and breathable fabrics.However,the Janus structures suffer from weak interfacial bonding and vulnerability to damage,making the durability and sustainability are highly sought after in real-word applications.Herein,we fabricate the simply reconfigurable and entirely self-healing Janus evaporator by electrospinning polypropylene glycol based polyurethane(PPG@PU)and polydimethylsiloxane based polyurethane-CNTs(PDMS@PU-CNTs)with different wettability,which are both designed based on dynamic Diels–Alder(DA)bond.The interface of the Janus membrane is stitched by the covalent bonds to directly improve the interface adhesion to 22 N·m−1,constructing an integrated evaporator,and thereby achieving a stable desalination rate of 1.34 kg·m−2·h−1 under one sun.Reversible dissociation of DA networks allows the evaporators for self-healing and reconfiguration abilities,after which the photothermal performance is maintained.This is the first work for the crosslinked self-healing polymer to be directly electrospun,achieving the improved interfacial bond and reconfiguration of entire evaporators,which presented promising new design principles and materials for interfacial solar seawater desalination.

关键词： Janus nanofiber membrane electrospinning interfacial bonding solar steam generation seawater desalination

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Power system transient stability assessment based on the multiple paralleled convolutional neural network and gated recurrent unit

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 586-601页

作者： Shan Cheng Zihao Yu Ye Liu Xianwang Zuo College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002HubeiChina

In order to accurately evaluate power system stability in a timely manner after faults,and further improve the feature extraction ability of the model,this paper presents an improved transient stability assessment(TSA)method of CNN+GRU.This comprises a convolutional neural network(CNN)and gated recurrent unit(GRU).CNN has the feature extraction capability for a micro short-term time sequence,while GRU can extract characteristics contained in a macro long-term time sequence.The two are integrated to comprehensively extract the high-order features that are contained in a transient process.To overcome the difficulty of sample misclassification,a multiple parallel(MP)CNN+GRU,with multiple CNN+GRU connected in parallel,is created.Additionally,an improved focal loss(FL)func-tion which can implement self-adaptive adjustment according to the neural network training is introduced to guide model training.Finally,the proposed methods are verified on the IEEE 39 and 145-bus systems.The simulation results indicate that the proposed methods have better TSA performance than other existing methods.

关键词： Transient stability assessment MP CNN+GRU Sample misclassification Improved focal loss function

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Hazard Model with Random Treatment Time-Lag Effect

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数学学报:英文版 2023年第9期39卷 1755-1767页

作者： Xin ye Yan Yan liu School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072P.R.China

In clinical studies,it is often that the medical treatments take a period of time before having an effect on patients and the delayed time may vary from person to person.Even though there exists a rich literature developing methods to estimate the time-lag period and treatment effects after lag time,most of these existing studies assume a fixed lag time.In this paper,we propose a hazard model incorporating a random treatment time-lag effect to describe the heterogeneous treatment effect among subjects.The EM algorithm is used to obtain the maximum likelihood estimator.We give the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and evaluate its performance via simulation studies.An application of the proposed method to real data is provided.

关键词： Random lag time treatment effect right censored data EM algorithm

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Removal of pharmaceutical in a biogenic/chemical manganese oxide system driven by manganese-oxidizing bacteria with humic acids as sole carbon source

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 734-741页

作者： Tingming ye Huijuan liu Weixiao Qi Jiuhui Qu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Bioaugmented sand filtration has attracted considerable attention because it can effectively remove contaminants in drinking water without additional chemical reagent addition.In this study,a synthesized chemical manganese dioxide (MnO_(2)) -coated quartz sand(MnQS) and biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnOx) composite system was proposed to simultaneously remove typical pharmaceutical contaminants and Mn_(2)+.We demonstrated a manganese-oxidizing bacterium,Pseudomonas sp.QJX-1,could oxidize Mn_(2)+to generate BioMnOxusing humic acids (HA) as sole carbon source.The coaction of MnQS,QJX-1,and the generated BioMnOxin simultaneously removing caffeine and Mn_(2)+in the presence of HA was evaluated.We found a synergistic effect between them.MnQS and BioMnOxtogether significantly increased the caffeine removal efficiency from 32.8%(MnQS alone) and 21.5%(BioMnOxalone) to 61.2%.Meanwhile,Mn_(2)+leaked from MnQS was rapidly oxidized by QJX-1 to regenerate reactive BioMnOx,which was beneficial for continuous contaminant removal and system stability.Different degradation intermediates of caffeine oxidized by MnQS and BioMnOxwere detected by LC-QTOF-MS analysis,which implied that caffeine was oxidized by a different pathway.Overall,this work promotes the potential application of bioaugmented sand filtration in pharmaceutical removal in the presence of natural organic matter in drinking water.

关键词： Bioaugmentation MnO_(2)-coated quartz sand Manganese-oxidizing bacteria Humic acid Caffeine

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Three-dimensional structure of the antennal lobe in the Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 93-102页

作者： Zi ye Feng liu Nannan liu Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

The Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus relies on its olfactory system to locate the human hosts for blood meals,by which several deadly diseases are transmitted.Olfactory sensory neurons(OSNs)housed in the sensilla on the olfactory appendages send their axons into the antennal lobes(ALs),the primary olfactory center in the brain,where the OSNs expressing the same olfactory receptors converge upon the same spherical structures known as glomeruli in the AL.The structure of the antennal lobe,that is,the spatial organization of the glomeruli,governs the insect's odor identification and discrimination.Drosophila studies have demonstrated the specific connections between receptors and glomeruli based on the 3D structure of the antennal lobe,deepening our understanding of the relationships between glomerular activities and behaviors,but as yet the structure of the Cx.quinquefasciatus antennal lobe remains unknown.We therefore constructed a 3D model of the Cx.quinquefasciatus antennal lobe using nc82 antibody staining,identifying 62 and 44 glomeruli in the female and male mosquito antennal lobe,respectively,with a significant sexual dimorphism in terms of the antennal lobe volume and glomerulus number.These results demonstrate the structural basis of mosquito odor coding and provide a platform for future studies of the mosquito olfactory signal processing mechanism.

关键词： 3D-reconstruction antennal lobe Culex quinquefasciatus glomerulus olfaction

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Skin‑Inspired Ultra‑Tough Supramolecular Multifunctional Hydrogel Electronic Skin for Human–Machine Interaction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第8期15卷 1-19页

作者： Kun Chen Kewei Liang He liu Ruonan liu Yiying liu Sijia Zeng ye Tian College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169People’s Republic of China Foshan Graduate School of Innovation Northeastern UniversityFoshan 528300People’s Republic of China

Multifunctional supramolecular ultra-tough bionic e-skin with unique durability for human–machine interaction in complex scenarios still remains challenging.Herein,we develop a skininspired ultra-tough e-skin with tunable mechanical properties by a physical cross-linking salting-freezing-thawing method.The gelling agent(β-Glycerophosphate sodium:Gp)induces the aggregation and binding of PVA molecular chains and thereby toughens them(stress up to 5.79 MPa,toughness up to 13.96 MJ m^(−3)).Notably,due to molecular self-assembly,hydrogels can be fully recycled and reprocessed by direct heating(100°C for a few seconds),and the tensile strength can still be maintained at about 100%after six recoveries.The hydrogel integrates transparency(>60%),super toughness(up to 13.96 MJ m^(−3),bearing 1500 times of its own tensile weight),good antibacterial properties(E.coli and S.aureus),UV protection(Filtration:80%–90%),high electrical conductivity(4.72 S m^(−1)),anti-swelling and recyclability.The hydrogel can not only monitor daily physiological activities,but also be used for complex activities underwater and message encryption/decryption.We also used it to create a complete finger joint rehabilitation system with an interactive interface that dynamically presents the user’s health status.Our multifunctional electronic skin will have a profound impact on the future of new rehabilitation medical,human–machine interaction,VR/AR and the metaverse fields.

关键词： Ultra-tough hydrogel Supramolecular Flexible electronics Knuckle training Human-machine interaction

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The historical logics and geographical patterns of rural-urban governance in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第7期32卷 1225-1240页

作者： ye Chao PAN Jiawei liu Zhimin Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) School of Geographic SciencesResearch Center for China Administrative DivisionEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The advent of a mobile society has led to profound changes in China’s traditional rural-urban pattern and called for new strategies for urban and rural governance.Based on a macro perspective of temporal and spatial evolution,this study analyzes the historical logics of rural-urban governance,explores the geographical patterns of challenges in China’s rural-urban governance,and finally puts forward targeted strategies for rural-urban governance toward integrated and sustainable development in China.From the historical perspective,the urban originates from the rural,and the connotation of rural,that is,a regional-scale outlook,rural-urban relations,and sociocultural interaction,forms the traditional approach to rural-urban governance.China’s rural-urban governance has evolved from antagonism toward integration.In terms of theoretical development,the turn toward mobility is an important driving factor shaping and promoting the transformation of research focus on rural-urban governance.The mobility of urban and rural factors has especially in recent decades brought extensive challenges for governance,which are highlighted by the disintegration of the stability of rural and urban structures,growing regional disparities in rural education levels,and serious aging and hollowing crises in rural areas.We therefore propose that rural-urban governance should give sufficient consideration to the convergence of wider interests;realize social potential through institutional,cultural and spatial restructuring;and attach importance to collaborative development and governance.And the transfer of rural problems to urban areas should be paid attention to by rural-urban governance.This research enriches the knowledge regarding the logics and patterns of China’s rural-urban governance from an interdisciplinary perspective.It is also helpful in the promotion of rural-urban integration and sustainable development,especially at a time when the mobility of social factors between rural areas and urban areas increasingly challenges tradit

关键词： rural-urban relation urbanization sustainable development mobility regional disparities

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Dupal Anomaly and Identification using Nd-Hf Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第2期96卷 416-429页

作者： TIAN ye XU Jifeng liu Xijun School of Earth Science and Resources and State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration College of Earth SciencesGuilin University of TechnologyGuilinGuangxi 541004China

The Dupal anomaly has attracted widespread attention since being discovered and is regarded as the most direct manifestation of mantle inhomogeneity at present. From the initially defined anomalies limited to the southern hemisphere to the global scale, the criteria for identifying anomalies defined by Pb isotopes have also been adjusted, providing an important method and reference for the study of the mantle evolution. Pearce and Peate(1995) proposed the method of NdHf isotope and element ratio to identify the Dupal anomaly. The Nd-Hf method also offers a possible way to discriminate the mantle region of arc magmatism through the correction of Nd in the subduction process. This paper introduces the concepts and determination methods of the Dupal anomaly, and reports new Hf isotopic data of MORB-type rocks with Dupal signature in the several Tethys ophiolites. Our results of Nd-Hf method are in good agreement with those of previous Pb isotope identification. Moreover, origins and their controversy of Dupal anomaly are reviewed, and possible internal connections between Dupal anomalies and the two Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces(LLSVPs) in the lower mantle are discussed in depth. Further studies on origin and evolution of the Dupal anomaly are suggested, especially using integrated approach of Hf-Nd and Pb isotopes.

关键词： Dupal anomaly LLSVPs Pb isotope Nd-Hf isotope mantle heterogeneity

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