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Impaired cellulose decomposition in a headwater stream receiving subsurface agricultural drainage

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 845-861页

作者： Rebecca Poisson Adam G.yates Department of Geography Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterloo University200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Background:Agricultural development of former wetlands has resulted in many headwater streams being sourced by subsurface agricultural drainage *** drainage inputs can significantly influence stream environmental conditions,such as temperature,hydrology,and water chemistry,that drive ecological ***,ecological assessments of subsurface drainage impacts are *** assessed the impact of an agricultural drainage system on cellulose decomposition and benthic respiration using a paired stream study in a headwater branch of Nissouri Creek,in Ontario,*** first order segments sourced by a spring-fed marsh and a cropped field with subsurface drainage,as well as the adjoining trunk segment,were sampled over a year using the cotton strip assay to measure cellulose decomposition and benthic ***:Assessments of cellulose decomposition revealed a one-third reduction in the drainage-sourced segment compared to marsh-sourced *** segment differences in cellulose decomposition were associated with reduced summer temperatures in the drainage-sourced *** of stream cooling from the drainage-sourced segment were transmitted downstream as cellulose decomposition was slower than expected throughout the drainage-sourced segment and for several hundred meters down the adjoining trunk *** respiration only differed between the drainage-and marsh-sourced segments in spring,when stream temperatures were ***:Our findings suggest there may be a widespread reduction in cellulose decomposition in streams across similar agricultural regions where subsurface drainage is ***,cooling of streams receiving significant amounts of water inputs from subsurface drainage systems may impart increased resiliency to future climate warming.

关键词： Stream Agriculture Cotton strip assay Seasonality Organic matter breakdown Benthic respiration

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CFD Model of Dense Gas-solid Systems in Jetting Fluidized Beds

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2002年第2期18卷 117-120页

作者： Kai Zhang Jiyu Zhang Biiang Zhang John yates Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 165Taiyuan 030001P.R.China Department of Chemical Engineering University College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK

A CFD code has been developed based on the conservation principles describing gas and solid flow in fluidized beds. This code is employed to simulate not only the spatiotemporal gas and solid phase velocities and voidage profiles in a two dimensional bed but also fluid dynamics in the jet region. The computational results show that gas flow direction is upward in the entire bed accompanied with random local circulations, whilst solid flow direction is upward at the center and downward near the wall. The radical reason of strong back mixing of solid particles and good transfer behavior between two phases is that the jet entrains solid particles. Numerical calculation indicates that gas velocity, solid velocity and pressure profile have a significant change when the voidage is 0 8. The simulated time averaged voidage profiles agree with the experimental results and simulated data reported by Gidaspow and Ettehadieh(1983). Therefore, CFD model can be regarded as a useful tool to study the jet characteristics in dense gas solid fluidized beds.

关键词： Jetting fluidized bed CFD model Gas solid dynamics Modified SIMPLE

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Topographic Indices and Yield Variability in a Rolling Landscape of Western Canada

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 362-370页

作者： CHI Bao-Liang BING Cheng-Si F. WALLEY T. yates Dryland Agricultural Research Center Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030031 （China） Department of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK （Canada）

Understanding the relationships between topographic indices and crop yield variability is important for soil manage- ment and crop production in rolling landscape. Two agricultural fields at Alvena and Hepburn, Saskatchewan, Canada were selected to examine how topographic indices were related to wheat yield under two topographic and weather conditions in the Canadian prairies. The landscapes of the two sites are classified as hummocky and the dominant soil type is an Aridic Ustoll. The relationships among yield, topography, soil, and weather were analyzed using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield from Alvena in 2001 (dry year) and 2004 (wet year) and from Hepburn in 1998 (dry year). Topographic/soil indices included relative elevation, wetness index, upslope length, curvature, soil organic matter, and soil moisture storage before seeding. The results indicated that, in the dry years, the correlation coefficients between upslope length and grain yield were 0.79 for the typical rolling landscape (Alvena) in 2001 and 0.73 for shallow gentle rolling landscape (Hepburn) in 1998. In the wet year (2004), the relationships between yield and topographic/soil attributes were not as strong as in dry years. Therefore, upslope length was the best yield indicator for the two landscapes in dry years, whereas no topographic indices were highly correlated to crop yield in wet years. Those topographic indices seemed useful in identifying the yield variability and delineating the proper management zone.

关键词： rolling landscape topographic indices upslope length yield variability

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From Neglecting to Including Cultivar-Specific Per Se Temperature Responses:Extending the Concept of Thermal Time in Field Crops

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第3期6卷 547-562页

作者： Lukas Roth Martina Binder Norbert Kirchgessner Flavian Tschurr Steven yates Andreas Hund Lukas Kronenberg Achim Walter ETH Zurich Institute of Agricultural SciencesUniversitätstrasse 28092 ZürichSwitzerland John Innes Centre Crop GeneticsNorwich NR47UHUnited Kingdom

Predicting plant development,a longstanding goal in plant physiology,involves 2 interwoven components:continuous growth and the progression of growth stages(phenology).Current models for winter wheat and soybean assume species-level growth responses to *** challenge this assumption,suggesting that cultivar-specific temperature responses substantially affect *** investigate,we collected field-based growth and phenology data in winter wheat and soybean over multiple *** used diverse models,from linear to neural networks,to assess growth responses to temperature at various trait and covariate ***-specific nonlinear models best explained phenology-related cultivar-environment *** cultivar-specific models,additional relations to other stressors than temperature were *** availability of the presented field phenotyping tools allows incorporating cultivar-specific temperature response functions in future plant physiology studies,which will deepen our understanding of key factors that influence plant ***,this work has implications for crop breeding and cultivation under adverse climatic conditions.

关键词： temperature specific concept crops field time from cultivar extending including

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Automated high-throughput Wannierisation

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1091-1108页

作者： Valerio Vitale Giovanni Pizzi Antimo Marrazzo Jonathan R.yates Nicola Marzari Arash A.Mostofi Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of Cambridge19 JJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeUK Departments of Materials and Physics and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Theory and Simulation of Materials(THEOS)and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials(MARVEL) École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Materials University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PHUK

Maximally-localised Wannier functions(MLWFs)are routinely used to compute from first-principles advanced materials properties that require very dense Brillouin zone integration and to build accurate tight-binding models for scale-bridging *** the same time,high-throughput(HT)computational materials design is an emergent field that promises to accelerate reliable and cost-effective design and optimisation of new materials with target *** use of MLWFs in HT workflows has been hampered by the fact that generating MLWFs automatically and robustly without any user intervention and for arbitrary materials is,in general,very *** address this problem directly by proposing a procedure for automatically generating MLWFs for HT *** approach is based on the selected columns of the density matrix method and we present the details of its implementation in an AiiDA *** apply our approach to a dataset of 200 bulk crystalline materials that span a wide structural and chemical *** assess the quality of our MLWFs in terms of the accuracy of the band-structure interpolation that they provide as compared to the band-structure obtained via full first-principles ***,we provide a downloadable virtual machine that can be used to reproduce the results of this paper,including all first-principles and atomistic simulations as well as the computational workflows.

关键词： generating high details

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Use of topical vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty:Why the current literature is inconsistent?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第8期14卷 589-597页

作者： Fabio Mancino Piers J yates Benjamin Clark Christopher W Jones Department of Orthopaedics Fiona Stanley HospitalPerth 6150Australia Department of Orthopaedics The Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western AustraliaPerth 6010Australia Department of Orthopaedics University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Fiona Stanley HospitalPerth 6150Australia Department of Orthopaedics Curtin UniversityPerth 6102Australia

Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)is a rare but terrible complication in hip and knee arthroplasty,and the use of topical vancomycin powder(VP)has been investigated as a tool to potentially reduce its ***,there remains no consensus on its ***,the aim of this review is to provide an overview on the application of topical vancomycin in orthopaedic surgery focusing on the recent evidence and results in total joint *** systematic reviews and meta-analyses on topical VP in hip and knee arthroplasty have been recently published reporting sometimes conflicting *** from all being limited by the quality of the included studies(mostly level III and IV),confounding variables are often included potentially leading to biased *** taken into consideration the exclusive use of VP in isolation,the available data,although very limited,suggest that it does not reduce the infection rate in routine primary hip and knee ***,we still cannot advise for a routinary application.A properly powered randomized-controlled trial would be necessary to clarify the role of VP in hip and knee *** on the analysis of the current evidence,the use of topical VP appears to be safe when used locally in terms of systemic adverse reactions,hence,if proven to be effective,it could bring great benefits due to its low cost and accessibility.

关键词： Periprosthetic joint infection Vancomycin powder Total knee arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty Infection antibiotic

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Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第7期12卷 332-349页

作者： Huey K Tan Euan yates Kristen Lilly Ashwin D Dhanda Hepatology Research Group Institute of Translational and Stratified MedicineFaculty of HealthUniversity of PlymouthPlymouth PL68BUUnited Kingdom South West Liver Unit University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouth PL68DHUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Immunology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouth PL68DHUnited Kingdom

Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic *** alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease,which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths *** than reducing alcohol consumption,there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver *** stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and *** plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease ***,we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P4502E1 system producing reactive oxygen species,acetaldehyde and protein and DNA *** trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and *** oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic *** is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic *** global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory *** review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic *** understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy.

关键词： Alcohol-related liver disease Alcoholic hepatitis Oxidative stress Reactive

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Keap1 eye on the target:chemoprevention of liver cancer

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1331-1342页

作者： Melinda Sue yates Thomas Wells KENSLER Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Department of Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland 21205USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide,causing nearly 600 000 deaths each *** risk of HCC due to chronicinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to dietary aflatoxins is respon-sible for many of these *** strategies targeting HBV infection andaflatoxin exposure could dramatically impact the rates of *** HBVvaccination programs have begun in some high-risk *** to reduceaflatoxin contamination in food stores have also been ***,complete elimination of aflatoxin contamination might not be *** thisreason,chemoprevention strategies which alter aflatoxin disposition are a practi-cal strategy to reduce the incidence of HCC in populations with high dietaryaflatoxin *** mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesisare well *** knowledge provides the basis for evaluation of both expo-sures to aflatoxin,as well as modulation of aflatoxin disposition by *** of aflatoxin DNA damage and toxicity as well as other metabo-lites can be used as biomarkers to evaluate modulation of aflatoxin *** of aflatoxin disposition can be achieved through induction of conju-gating and cytoprotective *** of these enzymes are regulated throughKelch ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-antioxi-dant response element (ARE) signaling,making this pathway an important mo-lecular target for *** studies have identified several classesof chemopreventive agents which induce cytoprotective *** inducersinclude phenolic antioxidants,dithiolethiones,isothiocyanates,and ***,clinical interventions have shown that inducers of Keap 1-Nrf2-ARE signaling increase cytoprotective enzyme expression,resulting in modula-tion of aflatoxin *** work remains to be done in order to takepromising chemopreventive agents from preclinical evaluation to

关键词： chemoprevention Kelch ECH associating protein 1 Nrf2 sulforaphane oltipraz triterpenoids dithiolethiones hepatocellular carcinoma

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Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks Sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne Alanna Chant David Coates J.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin yates Biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes Conservation Recovery Restoration Biodiversity hotspot

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Oral Tranexamic Acid in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第8期4卷 215-220页

作者： Stephen McGrath Piers yates Gareth Prosser Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Fremantle Hospital Fremantle Australia

Intravenous Tranexamic acid has been shown to decrease blood transfusion requirements in sur- gery. Little evidence exists regarding the much cheaper oral form. The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate whether oral tranexamic acid administration in patients undergoing elec- tive hip and knee replacement surgery resulted in decreased transfusion requirements. Methods: We assessed the transfusion requirements of 332 patients following unilateral total hip or knee arthroplasty, with the first 140 receiving no tranexamic acid and the next 192 given 1 g oral tranexamic acid one hour prior to and a further 1 g 4 hours post joint arthroplasty. Haemoglobin before and after surgery, the number of units transfused post-operatively and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism were recorded. Results: In the first group, there were 22 instances of transfusion (15.7%) and a mean haemoglobin drop of 32.2 g/L, while the second (tranexamic acid) group had just 12 patients transfused (6.3%) and a mean haemoglobin drop of 24.6 g/L (both significantly less, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism rates between groups. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to analyze the outcome of oral tranexamic acid administration in hip and knee replacement. We conclude that oral tranexamic acid administration is a safe and effective means to decrease transfusion requirements in joint arthroplasty and is a much cheaper alternative to intravenous preparations of tranexamic acid.

关键词： Tranexamic Acid Blood Loss Surgical Blood Conservation Strategy Total Hip Replacement Total Knee Replacement

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