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Different effects of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin on gastroduodenal motility in conscious rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6318-6326页

作者： Mineko Fujimiya Akihiro Asakawa Koji Ataka Ikuo Kato Akio inui Department of Anatomy Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Behavioral Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Research Institute Taiko Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokuriku University

Three peptides, ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin are derived from a common prohormone, preproghrelin by posttranslational processing, originating from endocrine cells in the stomach. To examine the effects of these peptides, we applied the manometric mea- surement of gastrointestinal motility in freely moving conscious rat models. Ghrelin exerts stimulatory ef- fects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in both fed and fasted state of animals. Des-acyl ghrelin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum, but not on the motility of duodenum in the fasted state of ani- mals. Obestatin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in the fed state, but not in the fasted state of animals. NPY Y2 or Y4 receptors in the brain may mediate the action of ghrelin, CRF type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of obestatin. Vagal afferent pathways might be involved in the action of ghre- lin, but not involved in the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas vagal afferent pathways might be partially involved in the action of obestatin.

关键词： Ghrelin Des-acyl ghrelin Obestatin Gastrointestinal motility Hypothalamus

Growth hormone releasing peptide 2 reverses anorexia associated with chemotherapy with 5-fluoruracil in colon cancer cell-bearing mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6303-6305页

作者： Simona Perboni Cyril Bowers Shinya Kojima Akihiro Asakawa Akio inui Unità Operativa Day Hospital Area Medica Azienda Ospedaliera di Desenzano sul Garda Ospedale di Manerbio Tulane University Health Science Center New Orleans Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences

The cancer-associated anorexia-cachexia syndrome is observed in 80% of patients with advanced-stage cancer, and is one of the major obstacles in chemo- therapy. Ghrelin is a orexigenic hormone that has been proposed to prevent anorexia. Aim of the study was to determine whether the addition of the ghrelin agonist growth hormone releasing peptide 2 (GHRP-2) to cytotoxic therapy with 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) prevents the anorexia associated with chemotherapy in cancer cachectic mice. Thirty-three BALB/c female tumourbearing mice were randomized to receive a solution containing: (a) placebo; (b) GHRP-2; (c) 5-FU; or (d) 5-FU + GHRP-2. Ten BALB/c no tumour-bearing mice received placebo solution. Food intake and survival were checked. Six hours after the drug injection the cumulative food intake was signifi cantly increased in mice treated with the combination of 5-FU + GHRP-2 versus the 5-FU alone (P = 0.0096). On day 3, the cumulative food intake of mice treated with GHRP-2,5-FU and 5-FU + GHRP-2 signifi cantly increased com- pared with naive and vehicle groups (P = 0.0007, P = 0.0038 and P = 0.0166, respectively). The median survival time was longer in 5-FU + GHRP-2 treated mice than in those with 5-FU, although it was not signifi cant (18 d versus 15.5 d, P = 0.7). For the fi rst time, we demonstrated that the addition of GHRP-2 to cytotoxic therapy with 5-FU improved appetite in tumour-bearing mice with anorexia/cachexia syndrome in early stage. These data suggest that GHRP-2 may improve the effi cacy of therapy and the quality of life of cancer patients thank to the amelioration of their nutritional state.

关键词： GHS Ghrelin Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome Food intake Chemotherapy Colon cancer cell line Murine model

Severe acute cholestatic hepatitis of unknown etiology successfully treated with the Chinese herbal medicine Inchinko-to (TJ-135)

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2927-2929页

作者： Susumu Ohwada Isao Kobayashi Nobuo Harasawa Kyoichiro Tsuda Yosikatsu inui Kanetsu Chuo Hospital Kitaharacho 71 Takasaki Gunma 370-3513 Japan inui Clinic of Internal Medicine Shimokobanamachi Takasaki Gunma 370-0076 Japan

Severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology is difficult to treat and often progresses to subacute fulminant hepatitis or late-onset hepatic failure. A 45-year-old wellnourished, healthy man had progressive fatigue and his liver function tests showed severe liver dysfunction. The etiology of sever acute cholestatic hepatitis was unknown. The liver function tests normalized gradually, which excluded high persistent total bilirubin after starting on predonine. A liver biopsy showed chronic active hepatitis with mild f ibrosis (A2, F1). Oral Inchinko-to, a Chinese herbal medicine, at 7.5 g daily was prescribed. The treatment was effective with no adverse effects. We present a successfully treated case and discuss hepatoprotective and choleretic effects of Inchinko-to.

关键词： Acute cholestatic hepatitis Etiology Inchinko-to Herbal medicine

Weight loss induced by whole grain-rich diet is through a gut microbiota-independent mechanism

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第2期11卷 26-32页

作者： Wen-Chi Wu Akio inui Chih-Yen Chen Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217Taiwan Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima 890-8544Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217Taiwan Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine National Yang-Ming University School of MedicineTaipei 11221Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases Taoyuan 33305Taiwan Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity Taipei 110Taiwan

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased *** is a well-known risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease and raises public health *** dietary guidelines encourage the replacement of refined grains with whole grains(WGs)to enhance body weight *** evidence regarding interrelationships among WGs,body weight,and gut microbiota is limited and *** this editorial,we comment on the article by Roager et al published in the recent issue of the Gut 2019;68(1):*** the study,obese patients(25

关键词： Whole grain Obesity Microbiota Short-chain fatty acids Brown adipose tissue Adiponectin

Analysis of ABC (D) stratification for screening patients with gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第43期17卷 4793-4798页

作者： Tomohiro Kudo Satoru Kakizaki Naondo Sohara Yasuhiro Onozato Shinichi Okamura Yoshikatsu inui Masatomo Mori Department of Medicine and Molecular Science Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery Shirakawa Clinic inui Clinic of Internal Medicine

AIM:To evaluate the value of ABC(D) stratification [combination of serum pepsinogen and Helicobacter pylori(***) antibody]of patients with gastric ***:Ninety-five consecutive patients with gastric cancer were enrolled into the *** serum pepsinogenⅠ(PGⅠ) /pepsinogenⅡ(PGⅡ) and *** antibody levels were *** were classified into five groups of ABC(D) stratification according to their serological *** findings of atrophic gastritis and histological differentiation were also analyzed in relation to the ABC(D) ***:The mean patient age was(67.9±8.9) *** patients(3.2%) were classified into group A,7 patients(7.4%) into group A',27 patients(28.4%) into group B,54 patients(56.8%) into group C,and 4patients(4.2%) into group D,*** were only three cases in group A when the patients taking acid proton pump inhibitors and those who had undergone eradication therapy for ***(group A') were *** three cases had mucosal atrophy in the grey zone according to the diagnostic manual of ABC(D) ***,the mean age of the patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of the patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma(P<0.05) .There were no differences in the pattern of atrophy in the endoscopies between the well differentiated and poorly differentiated ***:ABC(D) stratification is a good method for screening patients with gastric *** is needed for grey zone cases to check the extent of mucosal atrophy.

关键词： Gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori Pepsinogen ABC (D) stratification Cancer screening

Clinical study using novel endoscopic system for measuring size of gastrointestinal lesion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 4050-4058页

作者： Kiyoshi Oka Takeshi Seki Tomohiro Akatsu Takao Wakabayashi Kazuo inui Junji Yoshino OK Fiber Technology Co. Ltd. Graduate School of engineering and Resource Science Akita University A-tech Co. Ltd. Department of Internal Medicine Banbuntane Hotokukai HospitalFujita Health University

AIM: To verify the performance of a lesion size measurement system through a clinical study.

关键词： Lesion size Non-contact measurement Endoscope Grid scale Low level laser

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Two-phaseTiAl Alloys in Lamellar Form

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1994年第3期10卷 193-204页

作者： Masaharu Yamaguchi and Haruyuki inui(Department of Metal Science and Technology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) Kyoto Univ Kyoto Japan

In two-phase TiAl alloys, the lamellar structures are of special interest and importance since they are so common and persistent. not only under as-cast conditions but also after thermal treatment. However. the lamellar structures are still poor in ductility,although they are beneficial for toughness and high temperature strength. This article will review the recent progress made in understanding the basic mechanical properties of the γ and α2 phases which comprise the two-phase alloys in Iamellar form, and discuss how an improved balance of strength and ductillty in the lamellar form may be achieved

关键词： Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Two-phaseTiAl Alloys in Lamellar Form Ti Figure NATO TMS

Liver cirrhosis in a child associated with Castleman's disease: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第9期8卷 1656-1665页

作者： Soya Kobayashi Ayano inui Tomoyuki Tsunoda Syuichiro Umetsu Tsuyoshi Sogo Masaaki Mori Masato Shinkai Tomoo Fujisawa Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology Saiseikai Yokohama City Tobu HospitalYokohama 230-8765Japan Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyo 113-8519Japan Department of Surgery Kanagawa Children’s Medical CenterYokohama 232-8555Japan

BACKGROUND Castleman's disease(CD)is a lymphoproliferative *** syndrome is classified as a variant of CD based on its key clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia,anasarca(generalized edema and pleural effusion),fever(pyrexia),reticulin fibrosis in the bone marrow and the proliferation of megakaryocytes,and organomegaly(such as hepatosplenomegaly and multiple lymphadenopathies);TAFRO syndrome is mainly reported in Japanese *** our knowledge,this is the first pediatric case report detailing a CD-associated disorder progressing to *** SUMMARY A 10-year old male patient presented with fever and *** months before hospitalization,he had remarkable abdominal ***,he visited a clinic for a fever that lasted 5 *** physical findings were marked hepatosplenomegaly and cervical lymphadenopathy.A blood test revealed leukocytosis,microcytic anemia,aspartate aminotransferase-dominant transaminase elevation,high levels of C-reactive protein,polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia,and high levels of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth *** contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested cirrhosis,which was confirmed by liver *** findings in the enlarged hepatic lymph nodes revealed both hyperplasia and atrophy of lymphoid follicles with some vascular hyperplasia and moderate plasmacytosis between the lymphoid follicles,which is compatible with lymph node histology in TAFRO *** was not effective in reducing the patient’s symptoms;therefore,the patient was prescribed *** date,the patient remains free of fever and continues to receive *** We described the clinicopathological features of TAFRO syndrome to highlight the clinical presentation of this rare disease in a pediatric case.

关键词： Castleman disease Case report Multi-centric Castleman’s disease Liver cirrhosis Tocilizumab Child

Childhood-onset inflammatory bowel diseases associated with mutation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein gene

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8544-8552页

作者： Takashi Ohya Masakatsu Yanagimachi Kentaro Iwasawa Shuichiro Umetsu Tsuyoshi Sogo Ayano inui Tomoo Fujisawa Shuichi Ito Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hostopital Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Medical and Dental University

AIM To screen primary immunodeficiency,Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome(WAS),and chronic granulomatous disease(CGD) among children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. Eighteen children with IBD were investigated. We analyzed their expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(WASP) in lymphocytes and superoxide generation in phagocytes using flow cytometry. When the expression of WASP or superoxide generation was low or absent,we performed genetic analysis to determine the cause of this. RESULTS Eighteen patients were classified as having ulcerative colitis(n = 10),Crohn's disease(n = 5),or IBDunclassified(n = 3). In total,three patients revealed low expression of WASP associated with a WAS gene c.1378 C>T ***460 Ser mutation,which has previously been reported as a pathogenic mutation in WAS and X-linked thrombocytopenia. However,with respect to the major symptoms of WAS,none of these three patients showed either thrombocytopenia or increased susceptibility to infection,but one patient showed generalized eczema. No CGD patients were discovered in this *** Despite the lack of typical clinical manifestations of WAS,low expression of WASP could be associated with the pathogenesis of a subtype of IBD patients.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease WiskottAldrich syndrome Primary immunodeficiency Children Screening