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Distinct functions of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b de novo DNA methyltransferases in ES cell proliferation and differentiation

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Stem Cell Discovery 2013年第2期3卷 127-132页

作者： Yoshie umehara Kazunori Hanaoka Daisuke Watanabe Laboratory of Molecular Embryology Department of Bioscience Kitasato University School of Science Sagamihara Japan

Two de novo DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, have been identified in humans and mice to contribute to the methylation of unmodified DNA. We recently showed a transition of de novo DNA methyltransferase expression from Dnmt3b to Dnmt3a during mouse embryogenesis and in tissue-specific stem cells, suggesting distinct functions of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b during these processes. In this study, to characterize the functions of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in pluripotent stem cells, we exogenously transfected ES cells with Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b cDNAs linked to an internal ribosome entry site-green fluorescent protein gene, and then analyzed the effects of expression of these de novo DNA methyltransferases on ES cell growth and differentiation. ES cells expressing Dnmt3b showed specific downregulation of pluripotency marker genes such as Nanog and Oct 3/4. In addition, Dnmt3a-transfected ES cells showed a specific increase in mitotic index, while Dnmt3b-transfected ES cells showed a decrease in mitotic index. These results suggest that Dnmt3b has important physiological roles in the initial process of stem cell differentiation and that Dnmt3a has a function in stem cell proliferation.

关键词： DNA Methylation Dnmt3a Dnmt3b Stem Cells ES Cells Differentiation Ploliferation

Therapeutic barium enema for bleeding colonic diverticula:Four case series and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6413-6417页

作者： Jun-ichi Iwamoto Yuji Mizokami Koichi Shimokobe Takeshi Matsuoka yasushi Matsuzaki Department of Gastroenterology Tokyo Medical University Kasumigaura Hospital Chuo 3-20-1 Ami Inashiki

The prevalence of diverticular diseases of the colon, including severe and persistent bleeding in Eastern countries, has increased in the last decades. The bleeding from colonic diverticula is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Herein, we report four cases of severe and persistent bleeding of colonic diverticular disease that could be treated with a high concentration barium enema. These four cases showed a similar pattern of bleeding whose source could not be identified. Colonoscopy revealed fresh blood in the entire colon and many diverticula were noted throughout the colon. No active bleeding source was identified, but large adherent clots in some diverticula were noted. After endoscopic and angiographic therapies failed, therapeutic barium enema stopped the severe bleeding. These patients remained free of re-bleeding in the follow-up period (range 17-35 mo) after the therapy. We report the four case series of therapeutic barium enema and reviewed the literature pertinent to this procedure.

关键词： Therapeutic barium enema Colonic diverticula Diverticular bleeding

Quasi-stationary flow structure in turbidity currents

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第6期35卷 659-665页

作者： Shun Nomura Giovanni De Cesare Mikito Furuichi yasushi Takeda Hide Sakaguchi Center for Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology JAMSTEC Plateforme de Constructions Hydrauliques EPFL Laboratory of Food Process Engineering ETH Headquarters JAMSTEC

A turbidity current is a particle-laden current driven by density differences due to suspended sediment *** currents can transport large amounts of sediment down slopes over great distances,and play a significant role in fluvial,lake and submarine *** better understand the sediment transport process,the flow system of an experimentally produced turbidity current in an inclined flume was investigated using video *** observed that the current progresses with constant frontal velocity and maintains an unchanged global interface *** addition,the spatio-temporal profiles of the inner mean and turbulence velocity obtained by ultrasound velocity profiler(UVP) showed that similar distributions were maintained,with low *** results indicate that the turbidity current progressed in a quasi-stationary state,which enabled long-distance sediment *** understand the mechanisms behind the quasi-stationary flow,we analyzed the forces acting on the turbidity *** found that under particular densities of suspended particles,the gravitational force is balanced by the viscous forces along the slope *** conclude that this specific force balance induces the quasi-stationary flow structure,enabling the long-distance transport of a substantial amount of sediment downstream with low dissipation.

关键词： Turbidity current Velocity field Mass valance Image processing Ultrasound Doppler velocity profiling Flume experiment

Spatio-temporal deposition profile of an experimentally produced turbidity current with a continuous suspension supply

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第3期37卷 299-306页

作者： Shun Nomura Giovanni De Cesare Mikito Furuichi yasushi Takeda Hide Sakaguchi Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology JAMSTEC Plateforme de Constructions Hydrauliques EPFL Laboratory of Food Process Engineering ETH Headquarters JAMSTEC

A turbidity current is a turbulent, particle-laden gravity current that is driven by density differences resulting from the presence of suspended sediment particles. The current travels downslope, bearing a large amount of sediment over a great distance, and forms fluvial and submarine bedforms. Knowledge of the spatio-temporal deposition profile of turbidity-deposited sediment is important for a better understanding of sediment transport by turbidity currents. In the current study, the depositional process of experimentally produced quasi-steady turbidity currents in an inclined flume was investigated using an electrical-resistance-based depositmeter. It was found that the amount of sediment deposited along the flume bottom increases linearly with time at a specific rate, and decreases exponentially in the downstream direction. Inspired by this observation, the mass conservation law was modified for the suspension layer and a simple theoretical model was proposed involving two parameters, the initial sedimentation rate and the decay constant. The proposed model reproduces the observed data from the flume experiment with high accuracy, and is consistent with the sediment transport distance of a natural example, the Bengal Fan. It was concluded that the two parameters that govern the sedimentation process are the key to estimating the deposition profile of fluvial systems.

关键词： Turbidity current Deposition process Mass conservation law Electrical-resistance-based depositmeter Spatio-temporal investigation Flume experiment

Time to take another Iook at perceived disadvantages of robotic hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 208-210页

作者： yasushi Hasegawa Hiroyuki Nitta Takeshi Takahara Akira Sasaki Department of Surgery Iwate Medical University School of MedicineMorioka CityIwateJapan

Robotic hepatectomy remains controversial to date,despite continuous advances in the technology and more surgeons gaining experience with the *** et al.(1)recently published an interesting article in Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition,titled"Selecting incision-dominant cases for robotic liver resection:towards outpatient hepatectomy with rapid recovery."The authors evaluated 97 cases of robotically-assisted liver resection(RLR)arguing that it is difficult to reach the superior-posterior liver segments with the straight instruments used in conventional laparoscopic liver resection(LLR).The articulated instruments of the surgical robot are better suited for hepatectomies in these difficult-to-reach areas of the *** concluded that cases where the incision of an open approach would be large and affect recovery results in the highest likelihood of patients benefitting from a robotic *** think that the authors present an interesting perspective by focusing on the strong points of RLR compared to LLR.

关键词： hepatectomy Surgery straight

Super-Resolution Imaging of Mammograms Based on the Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2017年第4期7卷 180-195页

作者： Kensuke umehara Junko Ota Takayuki Ishida Department of Medical Physics and Engineering Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Japan

Purpose: To apply and evaluate a super-resolution scheme based on the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) for enhancing image resolution in digital mammograms. Materials and Methods: A total of 711 mediolateral oblique (MLO) images including breast lesions were sampled from the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (CBIS-DDSM). We first trained the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN), which is a deep-learning based super-resolution method. Using this trained SRCNN, high-resolution images were reconstructed from low-resolution images. We compared the image quality of the super-resolution method and that obtained using the linear interpolation methods (nearest neighbor and bilinear interpolations). To investigate the relationship between the image quality of the SRCNN-processed images and the clinical features of the mammographic lesions, we compared the image quality yielded by implementing the SRCNN, in terms of the breast density, the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment, and the verified pathology information. For quantitative evaluation, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were measured to assess the image restoration quality and the perceived image quality. Results: The super-resolution image quality yielded by the SRCNN was significantly higher than that obtained using linear interpolation methods (p p Conclusion: SRCNN can significantly outperform conventional interpolation methods for enhancing image resolution in digital mammography. SRCNN can significantly improve the image quality of magnified mammograms, especially in dense breasts, high-risk BI-RADS assessment groups, and pathology-verified malignant cases.

关键词： Super-Resolution Deep-Learning Artificial Intelligence Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Mammography

Does laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis have a long-term oncologic advantage?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第2期10卷 246-248页

作者： yasushi Hasegawa Minoru Kitago Yuta Abe Yuko Kitagawa Department of Surgery Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan

The long-term advantages of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)over open liver resection(OLR)for colorectal cancer liver metastasis(CLM)have not been *** et al.(1)recently published an interesting article in the Annals of Surgery,titled“Survival Advantage of Laparoscopic Versus Open Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases:A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data from Randomized Trials and Propensity-score Matched Studies.”The authors performed a meta-analysis of individual participant data from two randomized trials and thirteen propensity score-matched studies that compared long-term outcomes between patients undergoing LLR and OLR for CLM.A total of 1,275 patients who underwent LLR and 1,873 patients who underwent OLR were *** found that LLR was associated with a lower risk of death and concluded that LLR had a long-term survival benefit compared to OLR.

关键词： metastasis Surgery liver

Herbal medicine Ninjinyoeito ameliorates ribavirin-induced anemia in chronic hepatitis C: A randomized controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4013-4017页

作者： Yoshiharu Motoo Hisatsugu Mouri Koushiro Ohtsubo yasushi Yamaguchi Hiroyuki Watanabe Norio Sawabu Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan

AIM:Ribavirin (RBV) shows a strong antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus when used in combination with interferon. However, RBV-induced anemia is a major problem in this therapy. It would be of great clinical importance to ameliorate the anemia without reducing the RBV dose. We report here that, Ninjinyoeito (NYT), a herbal medicine can reduce the RBV-induced anemia. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon alpha 2b plus RBV with (NYT group) or without (control group) NYT by a randomized selection. Eighteen patients completed the treatment schedule, and hemato-biochemical and virological effects were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in biochemical and virological responses between the two groups. However, anemia was significantly reduced in the NYT group compared with the control group. The maximal decrease of Hb in the NYT group (2.59±1.10 g/dL) was significantly (P= 0.026) smaller than that in the control group (3.71±0.97 g/dL). There was no significant difference in serum glutathione peroxidase activity, serum RBV concentration, and Thl/Th2 balance between the two groups. There was no specific adverse effect in NYT administration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that NYT could be used as a supportive remedy to reduce the RBV-induced anemia in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Ribavirin Interferon Herbal medicine Anemia

Comparison between bioartificial and artificial liver for the treatment of acute liver failure in pigs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7503-7507页

作者： yasushi Kawazoe Susumu Eguchi Nozomu Sugiyama Yukio Kamohara Hikaru Fujioka Takashi Kanematsu Department of Transplantation and Digestive Surgery Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 1-7-1 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8501 Japan

AIM： To characterize and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bioartificial liver （BAL） as compared to that of continuous hemodiafiltration （CHDF） with plasma exchange （PE）, which is the current standard therapy for fulminant hepatic failure （FHF） in Japan. METHODS： Pigs with hepatic devascularization were divided into three groups：（1） a non-treatment group （NT; n = 4）; （2） a BAL treatment group （BAL; n = 4）, （3） a PE ＋ CHDF treatment group using 1.5 L of normal porcine plasma with CHDF （PE ＋ CHDF, n -- 4）. Our BAL system consisted of a hollow fiber module with 0.2 i^m pores and 1 × 10^10 of microcarrier-attached hepatocytes inoculated into the extra-fiber space. Each treatment was initiated 4 h after hepatic devascularization. RESULTS： The pigs in the BAL and the PE ＋ CHDF groups survived longer than those in the NT group. The elimination capacity of blood ammonia by both BAL and PE ＋ CHDF was significantly higher than that in NT. Aromatic amino acids （AAA） were selectively eliminated by BAL, whereas both AAA and branched chain amino acids, which are beneficial for life, were eliminated by PE ＋ CHDF. Electrolytes maintenance and acid-base balance were better in the CPE ＋ CHDF group than that in the BAL group. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that PE ＋ CHDF eliminate all factors regardless of benefits, whereas BAL selectively metabolizes toxic factors such as AAA. However since PE ＋ CHDF maintain electrolytes and acid-base balance, a combination therapy of BAL plus CPE ＋ CHDF might be more effective for FHF.

关键词： Bioartificial liver Artificial liver Continuous hemodiafiltration Hepatocytes Acute liver failure,Continuous plasma exchange