Background:Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)provide one of the few therapeutic options for effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,patients with HCC often develop resistance toward a...
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Background:Antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)provide one of the few therapeutic options for effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,patients with HCC often develop resistance toward antiangiogenic TKIs,and the underlying mechanisms are not *** aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying antiangiogenic TKI resistance in ***:We used an unbiased proteomic approach to define proteins that were responsible for the resistance to antiangiogenic TKIs in HCC *** evaluated the prognosis,therapeutic response,and serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1(IGFBP-1)levels of 31 lenvatinib-treated HCC *** on the array of results,a retrospective clinical study and preclinical experiments using mouse and human hepatoma cells were ***,in vivo genetic and pharmacological gain-and loss-of-function experiments were ***:In the patient cohort,IGFBP-1 was identified as the signaling molecule with the highest expression that was inversely associated with overall ***,antiangiogenic TKI treatment markedly elevated tumor IGFBP-1 levels via the hypoxia-hypoxia inducible factor ***-1 stimulated angiogenesis through activation of the integrinα5β1-focal adhesion kinase ***,loss of IGFBP-1 and integrinα5β1 by genetic and pharmacological approaches re-sensitized HCC to lenvatinib ***:Together,our data shed light onmechanisms underlying acquired resistance of HCC to antiangiogenic *** TKIs induced an increase of tumor IGFBP-1,which promoted angiogenesis through activating the IGFBP-1-integrinα5β1 *** data bolster the application of a new therapeutic concept by combining antiangiogenic TKIs with IGFBP-1 inhibitors.
Backgrounds ATP is the major energy source for myotube contraction,and is quickly produced to compensate ATP consumption and to maintain sufficient ATP *** is consumed mainly in cytoplasm and produced in mitochondria ...
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Backgrounds ATP is the major energy source for myotube contraction,and is quickly produced to compensate ATP consumption and to maintain sufficient ATP *** is consumed mainly in cytoplasm and produced in mitochondria during myotube *** understand the mechanism of ATP homeostasis during myotube contraction,it is essential to monitor mitochondrial ATP at single-cell level,and examine how ATP is produced and consumed in ***:We established C2C12 cell line stably expressing fluorescent probe of mitochondrial ATP,and induced differentiation into myotubes・We gave electric pulse stimulation to the differentiated myotubes,and measured mitochondrial *** constructed mathematical model of mitochondrial ATP at single-cell level,and analyzed kinetic parameters of ATP production and ***:We performed hierarchical clustering analysis of time course of mitochondrial ATP,which resulted in two *** 1 showed strong transient increase,whereas cluster 2 showed weak transient *** modeling at single-cell level revealed that the ATP production rate of cluster 1 was larger than that of cluster 2,and that both regulatory pathways of ATP production and consumption of cluster 1 were faster than those of cluster *** 1 showed larger mitochondrial mass than cluster 2,suggesting that cluster 1 shows the similar property of slow muscle fibers,and cluster 2 shows the similar property of fast muscle *** Cluster 1 showed the stronger mitochondrial ATP increase by larger ATP production rate,but not smaller *** 1 might reflect the larger oxidative capacity of slow muscle fiber.
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