This paper presents a study of PS layer formed by photoelectrochemical etching on p-n wafer by using He-Ne laser to illumination the wafer during the etching process, An investigation of the dependence on illumination...
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This paper presents a study of PS layer formed by photoelectrochemical etching on p-n wafer by using He-Ne laser to illumination the wafer during the etching process, An investigation of the dependence on illumination time on solar cells characteristics. Dark current-voltage characteristics of these cells are studied and the surface morphology would dependent of the etching time. Under AM1 illumination the PS/ p-n which improves the ISC about 28% and increased fill factor from 0.34 to 0.53 at 5 mins etching time (i. e., decreased the resistivity of top layer (PS)). These allowing improving the conversion efficiency approximated to 15%.
Review on microplastic toxicity in agroecosystems is ***,we develop a conceptual model(based on literature to date)that describes various microplastic effects using a *** also classify crops depending on their observe...
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Review on microplastic toxicity in agroecosystems is ***,we develop a conceptual model(based on literature to date)that describes various microplastic effects using a *** also classify crops depending on their observed responses,and discuss several conceptual mechanisms of soil *** model shows that microplastic effects on crops can be positive,toxic,lethal and ***,microfibers in a wide range of sizes can positively affect ***,toxic effects of microplastics with/without other pollutants are more common at different ***,biodegradable plastic effects are lethal,calling into question their environmental ***-effect on crops is also possible but less *** other crops(e.g.,wheat,maize and bean),only onion seems resistant to *** uptake of micro/nanoplastic demands a clear benchmark to ensure ***,mixed effects are observed on soil *** in soil enzymes and litter decomposition can affect nutrients and organic matter *** can be induced by increasing *** in microbial community structure and activities are inevitable.
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