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Effects of Green Manures and Zinc Fertilizer Sources on DTPA-Extractable Zinc in Soil and Zinc Content in Basmati Rice Plants at Different Growth Stages

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 504-515页

作者： Amarpreet singh yashbir singh shivay Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) New Delhi 110012 (India) Division of Crop Production ICAR- Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres Barrackpore Kolkata West Bengal 700120 (India)

Rice is very sensitive to low zinc(Zn) supply in submerged paddy soils and Zn deficiency is one of the major limiting factors in determining rice production in India. A field experiment was conducted during the summer-rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to determine the effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)-extractable(available) Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in Basmati rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1 at periodic intervals. Summer green manure crops included Sesbania aculeata(Dhaincha),Crotalaria juncea(Sunhemp), and Vigna unguiculata(Cowpea) and the Zn fertilizers used were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)-chelated Zn, ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnO, and ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO. Beneficial effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in dry matter of Basmati rice at periodic intervals were observed, with significant increases in all the determined parameters, in comparison with those in the control(no Zn application or summer fallow). The rate of increase varied among summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers during both years. Among the summer green manures, incorporation of S. aculeata led to a significant increase in mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw when compared with C. juncea, V. unguiculata, and summer fallow treatments. Among the Zn fertilizers, significant increases in Zn content in Basmati rice dry matter and DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil during various growth stages of the plant were recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application, followed by the application of ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO, ZnO,and no Zn. The highest mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The application of ZnSO4·7H2O was the second best treatment af

关键词： available Zn fertilizer application plant zinc uptake rice production soil fertility summer green manure zinc deficiency zinc source zinc supply

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Zinc partitioning in basmati rice varieties as influenced by Zn fertilization

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The Crop Journal 2018年第2期6卷 136-147页

作者： Prakash Chand Ghasal yashbir singh shivay Vijay Pooniya Mukesh Choudhary Rakesh Kumar Verma ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012India

Zinc(Zn) ferti-fortification using different sources and methods in Zn deficient soils is being advocated to increase Zn concentration in rice kernel as an alternative to pursuing greater Zn-use efficiency(ZnUE). A two-year field study was conducted to assess the effect of Zn application on Zn content and uptake at several growth stages and in several parts of the rice kernel: hull, bran, and the white rice kernel. Variety ‘PB 1509' with 1.25 kg Zn ha^(-1) as Zn-EDTA + 0.5% foliar spray(FS) at maximum tillering(MT) and panicle initiation(PI) stages registered the highest Zn content in hull, bran, and white rice kernel. Among parts of the rice kernel, Zn concentration decreased in the order hull > bran > white rice kernel,indicating that brown rice kernels are much denser in Zn content than polished *** the higher Zn accumulation in the bran, brown rice consumption, especially in Asia and Africa, could be recommended to overcome Zn malnutrition. The variety ‘PB 1401'showed the highest Zn uptake in rice straw, while ‘PB 1509' showed the highest Zn uptake in hull and white rice kernel. Application of 1.25 kg Zn ha^(-1)(Zn-EDTA) + 0.5% FS at MT and PI and 2.5 kg Zn ha^(-1) ZnSO_4·7H_2O(ZnSHH) + 0.5% FS at MT and PI resulted in higher Zn uptake than other treatments. On average, about one third of total Zn uptake remained in the white rice kernel, with the remaining two thirds accumulating in both hull and bran of brown rice. Zn-EDTA along with 0.5% FS, despite the application of a lower quantity of Zn leading to the highest Zn mobilization efficiency index(ZnMEI) and Zn-induced nitrogen recovery efficiency(ZniNRE), produced the highest kernel yield. However, of the two Zn sources, Zn-EDTA contributed more to the increase in ZnUE than did ZnSHH.

关键词： Aromatic rice Zn fertilization Zn-EDTA ZnSO4·7H2O Zn use efficiency Zn mobilization efficiency index

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Chrysanthemum Growth Gains from Beneficial Microbial Interactions and Fertility Improvements in Soil Under Protected Cultivation

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2016年第4期2卷 229-239页

作者： Radha Prasanna Amrita Kanchan Simranjit Kaur Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan Kunal Ranjan Mam Chand singh Murtaza Hasan Anil Kumar Saxena yashbir singh shivay Division of Microbiology ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT) ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute Division of Agronomy ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute

An investigation was undertaken to analyse the influence of microbial inoculants on growth and enzyme activities elicited, and soil microbiome of two varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, which were grown under protected mode of cultivation. Rhizosphere soil sampling at 45 and 90 DAT(days after transplanting of cuttings) revealed up to four- to five-fold enhancement in the activity of defence-, and pathogenesisrelated, and antioxidant enzymes, relative to the uninoculated control. Plant growth and soil microbial parameters, especially soil microbial biomass carbon and potential nitrification exhibited significant increases over control. Available soil nitrogen concentrations showed 40%–44% increment in inoculated treatments. Scanning electron microscopy of the root tissues revealed biofilm-like aggregates and individual short bits of cyanobacterial filaments. Analyses of DGGE profiles of archaeal and bacterial communities did not show temporal variations(between 45 and 90 DAT). However,distinct influences on the number and abundance of phylotypes due to microbial inoculants were recorded. The inoculants — Cyanobacterial consortium(BF1- 4) and Anabaena sp.–Trichoderma sp. biofilm(An-Tr) were particularly promising in terms of the plant and soil related parameters,and remained distinct in the DGGE profiles generated. The effect of Trichoderma viride–Azotobacter biofilm on soil bacterial and archaeal communities was unique and distinct as a separate cluster. This study highlights that microbial inoculants exert positive effects, which are specific even to the rhizosphere soil microbiome of chrysanthemum varieties tested. Such inoculants can serve as soil fertility enhancing options in protected floriculture.

关键词： microbial interaction biofilm cyanobacteria DGGE floriculture soil fertility

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Interpretation of water quality parameters for Villages of Sanganer Tehsil, by using Multivariate Statistical analysis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第10期2卷 860-863页

作者： yashbir singh Manish Kumar 不详

In this study, the factor analysis techniques is applied to water quality data sets obtained from the Sanganer Tehsil, Jaipur District, Rajasthan (India). The data obtained were standardized and subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) extraction to simplifying its interpretation and to define the parameters responsible for the main variability in water quality for Sanganer Tehsil in Jaipur District. The PCA analysis resulted in two factors explaining more than 94.5% of the total variation in water quality data set. The first factor indicates the variation in water quality is due to anthropogenic sources and second factor shows variation in water quality due to organic sources that are taking place in the system. Finally the results of PCA reflect a good look on the water quality monitoring and interpretation of the surface water.

关键词： Factor Analysis Principal component analysis Drinking water Fluoride.

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