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Hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent.of pearl millet.grains:Effect. on nut.it.onal composit.on,ant.nut.ient. and flour propert.es

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Grain & Oil Science and t.chnology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.prashant. t.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukt. Singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricult.ral and Food Engineering Depart.ent Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

pearl millet.penniset.m glaucum)is one of t.e major millet. wit. high nut.it.onal *** crop exhibit. except.onal resilience t. drought.and high ***,t.e processing of pearl millet.poses a significant.challenge due t. it. high lipid cont.nt.enzyme act.vit.,and presence of ***,it.becomes imperat.ve t. enhance t.e qualit. and prolong t.e shelf life of pearl millet.flour by employing suit.ble *** t.eat.ent.in t.e food indust.y has long been seen as promising due t. it. pot.nt.al t. reduce microbial load,inact.vat. enzymes,and improve nut.ient.*** st.dy aims t. invest.gat. t.e effect. of hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent.on t.e qualit. charact.rist.cs of pearl *** independent.variables of t.e st.dy were soaking t.mperat.re(35,45,55℃),soaking t.me(2,3,4 h),and st.aming t.me(5,10,15 min).t.eat.ent.condit.ons had a st.t.st.cally significant.effect.on nut.ient.*** ant.nut.ient. like t.nnins and phyt.t.s were reduced by 0.99% t. 5.94% and 0.36% t. 6.00%,respect.vely,aft.r t.e *** act.vit. decreased significant.y up t. 10% wit. t.e t.eat.ent.*** findings of t.is st.dy could pot.nt.ally encourage t.e use of pearl millet.flour in t.e product.on of various food it.ms and promot. t.e applicat.on of hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent.in t.e field of food processing.

关键词： pearl millet Hydrot.ermal t.eat.ent Nut.it.onal propert.es Ant.nut.ient.

t.chnological advancement. in millet.dehulling and polishing process: An insight.int. pret.eat.ent.met.ods, machineries and impact.on nut.it.onal qualit.

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Grain & Oil Science and t.chnology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukt. Singh Jayasree Joshi t.p.Srinivasa Rao Agricult.ral and Food Engineering Depart.ent Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millet. are widely recognized for t.eir nut.it.onal significance;however, t.e met.ods employed for t.eir processing are current.y lacking. t.is art.cle primarily focuses on t.e advanced t.chnologies and progressions in millet.dehulling and polishing. t.ese t.chnologies operat. based on t.e fundament.l principles of compression-shearing, abrasion-frict.on, and cent.ifugal-impact.forces. processing of millet. can be challenging because of t.e physical charact.rist.cs and t.ght.at.achment.of hull and bran t. t.e endosperm. However, several dehullers have been designed t. solve t.is problem for different.kinds of millet.. In addit.on, t.e nut.it.onal and ant.-nut.it.onal charact.rist.cs undergo alt.rat.ons due t. bot. dehulling and polishing processes. t.ese alt.rat.ons are t.oroughly examined and discussed in t.is art.cle. Specifically, ant.-nut.ient. such as t.nnins and phyt.t. are predominant.y found in t.e out.r pericarp of t.e grain and experience a reduct.on aft.r undergoing dehulling and polishing. t.e nut.it.onal propert.es are also subject.d t. a reduct.on;however, t.is reduct.on can be mit.gat.d by subject.ng t.e grains t. cert.in pret.eat.ent. before dehulling and polishing. t.ese t.eat.ent. serve t. enhance dehulling efficiency and nut.ient.digest.bilit. while simult.neously reducing t.e presence of ant.-nut.ient.. Novel t.ermal and non-t.ermal met.odologies such as microwave, hydrot.ermal, high-pressure processing, and ohmic heat.ng can be employed for processing millet., t.ereby diminishing t.e loss of nut.ient.. Addit.onal research can be carried out.t. invest.gat. t.eir impact.on t.e dehulling and polishing of millet..

关键词： Millet. Dehulling polishing pret.eat.ent Novel t.ermal and non-t.ermal t.chniques

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美国页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发进展

石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： MCMAHON t.p LARSON t.E ZHANG t.SHUSt.R M 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t.页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m3。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t.d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t.d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

paper Analyt.cal Device for t.e Colourimet.ic Det.ct.on of Alkaline phosphat.se in Serum and Saliva

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Journal of Analysis and t.st.ng 2024年第3期8卷 385-394页

作者： D.Alageswari A.LakshmiDevi p.E.Resmi p.V.Suneesh Aarat.ipradeep t.G.Sat.eeshBabu Depart.ent.of Chemist.y Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrit. Biosensor Research Lab Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrit. Biomedical Engineering Cent.e Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

A paper analyt.cal device (pAD) was developed for t.e colourimet.ic est.mat.on of alkaline phosphat.se (ALp). ALp cat.lyzes t.e hydrolysis of disodium phenyl phosphat. (DSpp) t. phenol, which t.en undergoes oxidat.ve coupling wit.4-aminoant.pyrine (4-AAp) producing a reddish brown-coloured quinone imine. t.e colourimet.ic react.on t.st.d in solut.on has been t.anslat.d ont. a pAD for t.e point.of care (poC) t.st.ng of ALp. A uniform colour was obt.ined in 25 min wit. t.e int.oduct.on of ALp ont. t.e reagent.drop cast.paper device. t.e images obt.ined by scanning t.e pAD were processed using ImageJ soft.are. t.e colour int.nsit. obt.ined by image processing was proport.onal t. t.e concent.at.on of ALp present.in t.e sample. ALp in serum and saliva samples were t.st.d using t.e pAD in t.e range of 0 t. 528 U/L and0 t. 187 U/L, respect.vely. t.e int.rference st.dies revealed t.at.t.e pAD was select.ve t. ALp in t.e presence of ot.er biomolecules. t.e pAD exhibit.d a limit.of det.ct.on (LOD) of 3.3 U/L and a sensit.vit. of 48.36 a.u/Log(U/L) for serum ALp and LOD of 1.69 U/L and a sensit.vit. of 28.5 a.u/Log (U/L) for salivary ALp. t.e pAD showed good agreement.wit. t.e clinical met.ods for real samples.

关键词： Alkaline phosphat.se Colourimet.y ImageJ paper analyt.cal device point.of care t.st.ng

Development.of endemicit. and conservat.on import.nce indices for t.opical forest. and t.e floral diversit. assessment.of *** in Benguet.philippines

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Journal of Mount.in Science 2024年第3期21卷 786-804页

作者： Johndale Rein t.BULLONG Jim p.SILVERIO Joanna I.ALAFAG Maricel A.GURON Jones t.NApALDEt Depart.ent.of Environment.l Science Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines Depart.ent.of Biology Benguet State UniversityLa Trinidad 2601Philippines

t.e scient.fic communit. faces t.e challenge of measuring progress t.ward biodiversit. t.rget. and indices have been t.adit.onally ***,recent.invent.ries in secondary t.opical mount.in forest. using t.adit.onal biodiversit. indices have yielded result. t.at.are indist.nct.wit. primary *** shows t.e need t. develop complement.ry indices t.at.goes beyond species count.but.int.grat.s t.e dist.ibut.on and conservat.on st.t.s of t.e *** st.dy developed endemicit. and conservat.on import.nce index for t.opical forest.t.at.incorporat.d t.e dist.ibut.on and conservat.on st.t.s of t.e *** indices were applied t. ***,a remnant.primary mossy forest.in Buguias,Benguet.philippines,t.at.result.d t. endemicit. index of 81.07 and conservat.on import.nce index of *** t.ese wit. secondary forest.sit.s wit. comparable Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Evenness and Margalef’s indices,our endemicit. and conservat.on indices clearly different.at.s primary forest.our st.dy sit.)wit. higher values from secondary forest. wit. much lower ***,we are proposing t.ese indices for a direct.but.scient.fically-informed ident.ficat.on of specific sit.s for conservat.on and prot.ct.on in t.opical ***,our st.dy document.d a t.t.l of 168 vascular plant.species(79 endemic and 12 locally t.reat.ned species)in *** are of t.opical element. for bot. generic and species levels wit. some t.mperat. element. t.at.could be at.ribut.d t. t.e sit.'s high elevat.on and semi-t.mperat. *** are import.nt.baseline informat.on for conservat.on plans and monit.ring of t.opical mossy forest..

关键词： Endemicit. index Conservat.on import.nce index Cordillera Cent.al Range Florist.c element Jaccard Index of Similarit.

Mult.-scale habit.t.influences spraint.ng and group size of a freshwat.r-obligat. smoot.-coat.d ot.er(Lut.ogale perspicillat.) in t.ngabhadra Ot.er Conservat.on Reserve, India

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Ecological processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit.Moun p.Ramesh Kumar M.Malat.i priya t.Ramesh Riddhika Kalle Sálim Ali Cent.e for Ornit.ology and Nat.ral Hist.ry Deput. Conservat.r of Forest. Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deput. Conservat.r of Forest. Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Cent.e for Funct.onal Biodiversit. University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background t.e impact.of changing land-use pat.erns and associat.d ant.ropogenic t.reat. on scale-dependent.habit.t.use of semi-aquat.c must.lids in scent.marking and social behaviour can provide import.nt.insight. int. t.e habit.t.ecology of smoot.-coat.d ot.ers(Lut.ogale perspicillat.).Met.ods We sampled 180 st.eam segment.(100–400 m) as spat.al replicat.s of 60 1-km2 sit.s t. record indirect.evidence(i.e. spraint. and mass lat.ine sit.s) and group sizes of smoot.-coat.d ot.ers along t.e t.ngabhadra Ot.er Conservat.on Reserve(t.CR) during t.e dry season. t. quant.fy habit.t. we recorded st.eam charact.rist.cs, riparian veget.t.on, and ant.ropogenic dist.rbances at.t.e local scale, and hydro-environment.l charact.rist.cs and land uses at.t.e landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain det.ct.on and occupancy models, we assessed t.e mult.-scale habit.t.use of ot.ers in t.eir select.on of suit.ble areas for scent.marking based on repeat.d presence-absence dat. on spraint.lat.ine locat.ons along t.e t.CR. We furt.er used linear regression t.chniques t. explore relat.onships bet.een t.e number of individuals in smoot.-coat.d ot.er group and hydro-environment.l charact.rist.cs, spraint.lat.ine encount.r rat., ant.ropogenic pressure, land cover, t.pography, and *** At.t.e local scale, t.e probabilit. of spraint.deposit.on and group size decreased wit. ant.ropogenic dist.rbance while t.e probabilit. of spraint.det.ct.ons decreased wit. grass cover. At.t.e landscape scale, t.e probabilit. of ot.er sit. use for spraint.deposit.on and group sizes increased in sout.east.flowing st.eams. Spraint.deposit.on increased wit. t.e proport.on of sugarcane fields, whereas in cont.ast. group size decreased wit. proport.on of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight.t.e first.empirical evidence on mult.-scale habit.t.use of a sout.ern Indian populat.on of smoot.-coat.d ot.ers in an inland freshwat.r ecosyst.m surrounded by t.e scrub jungle–agricult.re mat.ix. We sug

关键词： presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwat.r ecosyst.m Semi-aquat.c mammal Smoot.-coat.d ot.er

HI in High Gas-phase Met.llicit. Dwarf Galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9

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Research in Ast.onomy and Ast.ophysics 2024年第1期24卷 292-299页

作者： Yan Guo C.Sengupt. t.C.Scot. p.Lagos Y.Luo purple Mount.in Observat.ry Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Ast.onomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Inst.t.t. of Ast.ophysics and Space Sciences(IA port.) Rua das Estrelas4150-762PortoPortugal

We present.resolved Giant.Met.ewave Radio t.lescope H I observat.ons of t.e high gas-phase met.llicit. dwarf galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9(z = 0.005)(hereaft.r J2306) and invest.gat. whet.er it.could be a t.dal Dwarf Galaxy(t.G) candidat.. t.Gs are observed t. have higher met.llicit.es t.an normal dwarfs. J2306 has an unusual combinat.on of a blue g-r color of 0.23 mag, irregular opt.cal morphology and high-met.llicit.(12 +log(O/H) = 8.68 ± 0.14), making it.an int.rest.ng galaxy t. st.dy in more det.il. We find J2306 t. be an H I rich galaxy wit. a large ext.nded, unpert.rbed rot.t.ng H I disk. Using our H I dat. we est.mat.d it. dynamical mass and found t.e galaxy t. be dark mat.er(DM) dominat.d wit.in it. H I radius. t.e quant.t. of DM, inferred from it. dynamical mass, appears t. rule out.J2306 as an evolved t.G. A wide area environment.search reveals J2306 t. be isolat.d from any larger galaxies which could have been t.e source of it. high gas met.llicit.. Addit.onally, t.e H I morphology and kinemat.cs of t.e galaxy show no indicat.on of a recent.merger t. explain t.e *** det.iled opt.cal spect.oscopic observat.ons of J2306 might.provide an answer t. how a seemingly ordinary irregular dwarf galaxy achieved such a high level of met.l enrichment.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:dwarf galaxies:irregular radio lines:galaxies radio lines:ISM

t.nsile deformat.on of fine-grained Mg at.4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： M.Walag A.Kula p.Noga t.t.karski G.Cios M.Niewczas AGH Universit. of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH Universit. of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland Mat.rials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

t.e impact.of grain size, ranging from 0.9 μm t. 9 μm, on t.e mechanical propert.es of commercially pure Mg is invest.gat.d at.t.mperat.res of 4K, 78K, and 298K. t.e mechanisms governing plast.c flow are influenced by bot. grain size and t.mperat.re. At.4K and 78K, dominant.deformat.on modes in Mg involve dislocat.on glide and ext.nsion t.inning, regardless of grain size. t.e int.ract.ons bet.een basal and non-basal dislocat.ons and dislocat.ons wit. grain boundaries promot. an unusually high rat. of work hardening in t.e plast.c regime, leading t. premat.re failure. t.e yield st.ess follows t.e Hall-pet.h relat.onship σy~ k/√d, wit. t.e slope k increasing wit. decreasing t.mperat.re. At.298K, in addit.on t. dislocat.on glide and t.inning, grain boundary sliding(GBS) becomes significant.in samples wit. grain sizes below 3 μm, considerably enhancing t.e mat.rial's deformabilit.. GBS act.vat.on provides an addit.onal recovery mechanism for dislocat.ons accumulat.ng at.grain boundaries, facilit.t.ng t.eir absorpt.on during sliding and rot.t.on. Analysis of σ Θ relat.onship suggest. t.at.t.e basal slip is t.e dominant.dislocat.on mode in Mg at.298K. Decreasing grain size suppresses dislocat.on act.vit. and t.inning and increases GBS, result.ng in lower Θ and σ Θ values. Suppressing convent.onal deformat.on modes coupled wit. enhanced GBS yields st.ess soft.ning, breaking down t.e Hall-pet.h relat.onship in Mg below 3 μm grain size, leading t. an inverse Hall-pet.h behaviour. t.e work report. new dat. on t.e st.engt., duct.lit., work hardening and fract.re behaviour, and t.eir variat.ons wit. Mg grain size across different.t.mperat.re regimes.

关键词： polycryst.lline Mg Mechanical propert.es Deformat.on mechanisms Work-hardening t.xt.re evolut.on Cryogenic t.mperat.res Hall-pet.h relat.onship

Development.of an ult.at.in liquid sheet.t.rget.for laser ion accelerat.on at.high repet.t.on rat.s in t.e kilohert. range

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High power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 134-145页

作者： M.Füle A.p.Kovács t.Gilinger M.Karnok p.Gaál S.Figul G.Marowsky K.Osvay Nat.onal Laser-Init.at.d t.ansmut.t.on Laborat.ry University of SzegedSzegedHungary Depart.ent.of Experiment.l physics University of SzegedSzegedHungary ELI ALpS ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd.SzegedHungary Depart.ent.of Opt.cs and Quant.m Elect.onics University of SzegedSzegedHungary Advanced Microfluidic Syst.ms GmbH GöttingenGermany

A colliding microjet.liquid sheet.t.rget.syst.m was developed and t.st.d for pairs of round nozzles of 10,11 and 18μm in *** sheet.s posit.on st.bilit. was found t. be bet.er t.an a few *** int.ract.on wit. 50 mJ laser pulses,t.e 18μm jet.has a resonance amplit.de of 16μm at.a repet.t.on rat. of 33 Hz,while t.wards 100 Hz it.converges t. 10μm for all nozzles.A whit.-light.int.rferomet.ic syst.m was developed t. measure t.e liquid sheet.t.ickness in t.e t.rget.chamber bot. in air and in vacuum,wit. a measurement.range of 182 nm±1μm and an accuracy of±3%.t.e overall shape and 3D shape of t.e sheet.follow t.e Hasson±peck model in *** vacuum versus air,t.e sheet.gradually loses 10%of it. t.ickness,so t.e t.innest.sheet.achieved was below 200 nm at.a vacuum level of 10±4mbar,and remained st.ble for several hours of operat.on.

关键词： diagnost.cs laser ion accelerat.on nanomet.ic liquid sheet.t.rget. vacuum t.st