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Current trends of liver cirrhosis in Mexico: Similitudes and differences with other world regions

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第15期6卷 922-930页

作者： Nahum Méndez-Sánchez Felipe Zamarripa-Dorsey Arturo Panduro Emma Purón-González Edgar Ulises Coronado-Alejandro Carlos Alejandro Cortez-Hernández Fátima Higuera de la Tijera José Luis Pérez-Hernández Eira Cerda-Reyes Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández Vania César cruz-Ramón Oscar Lenin Ramírez-Pérez Nancy Edith Aguilar-Olivos Olga Fabiola Rodríguez-Martínez Samantha Cabrera-Palma Guillermo Cabrera-álvarez Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation department of Gastroenterology Hospital "Juárez" of México department of Molecular Biology in Me-dicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" department of Internal Medicine "Christus Muguerza "Super Specialty" Hospital" Monterrey department of Gas-troenterology "University Hospital "Jose Eleuterio González" Monterrey department of Gastroenterology "General Hospital of Mexico "Dr.Eduardo Liceaga" department of Gastroenterology "Central Military Hospital" Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition Juárez University of the State of Durango Liver Clinic Regional General Hospital IMSS 1

AIM To investigate the main current etiologies of cirrhosis in *** We performed a cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study that included eight hospitals in different areas of Mexico. These hospitals provide health care to people of diverse social classes. The inclusion criteria were a histological, clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, or imaging diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Data were obtained during a 5-year period(January 2012-december 2017). RESULTS A total of 1210 patients were included. The mean age was 62.5 years(SD = 12.1), and the percentages of men and women were similar(52.0% vs 48.0%). The most frequent causes of liver cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus(HCV)(36.2%), alcoholic liver disease(ALD)(31.2%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(23.2%), and the least frequent were hepatitis B virus(1.1%), autoimmune disorders(7.3%), and other conditions(1.0%).CONCLUSION HCV and ALD are the most frequent causes of cirrhosis in Mexico. However, we note that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) as an etiology of cirrhosis increased by 100% compared with the rate noted previously. We conclude that NAFLD will soon become one of the most frequent etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Hepatitis C virus Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver cirrhosis

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Gain in polycrystalline Nd-doped alumina: leveraging length scales to create a new class of high-energy, short pulse, tunable laser materials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 783-794页

作者： Elias H.Penilla Luis F.devia-cruz Matthew A.Duarte Corey L.Hardin Yasuhiro Kodera Javier E.Garay Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis(AMPS)laboratory UC San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Materials Science&Engineering and Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Traditionally accepted design paradigms dictate that only optically isotropic(cubic)crystal structures with high equilibrium solubilities of optically active ions are suitable for polycrystalline laser gain *** restriction of symmetry is due to light scattering caused by randomly oriented anisotropic crystals,whereas the solubility problem arises from the need for sufficient active dopants in the *** criteria limit material choices and exclude materials that have superior thermo-mechanical properties than state-of-the-art laser ***(Al_(2)O_(3))is an ideal example;it has a higher fracture strength and thermal conductivity than today’s gain materials,which could lead to revolutionary laser ***,alumina has uniaxial optical proprieties,and the solubility of rare earths(REs)is two-to-three orders of magnitude lower than the dopant concentrations in typical RE-based gain *** present new strategies to overcome these obstacles and demonstrate gain in a RE-doped alumina(Nd:Al_(2)O_(3))for the first *** key insight relies on tailoring the crystallite size to other important length scales—the wavelength of light and interatomic dopant distances,which minimize optical losses and allow successful Nd *** result is a laser gain medium with a thermo-mechanical figure of merit of R_(s)~19,500 Wm^(−1) a 24-fold and 19,500-fold improvements over the high-energy-laser leaders Nd:YAG(R_(s)~800Wm^(−1))and Nd:Glass(R_(s)~1Wm^(−1)),***,the emission bandwidth of Nd:Al_(2)O_(3) is broad:~13 *** successful demonstration of gain and high bandwidth in a medium with superior R_(s) can lead to the development of lasers with previously unobtainable highpeak powers,short pulses,tunability,and high-duty cycles.

关键词： dopant tunable high

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Male age and strain affect ejaculate quality in the Mexican fruit fly

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 703-711页

作者： Mariana Herrera-cruz Solana Abraham Nicolas NuSez-Beverido Norma Flores-Estevez Martha Reyes-Hernandez Mayvi Alvarado Diana P6rez-Staples Catedra CONACYT- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugia Universidad Autonoma 'Benito Juarez' de Oaxaca Oaxaca Mexico laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetologicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN) PROIMI Tucuman Argentina CONICET Argentina INBIO TECA Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz Mexico Instituto de Neuroetologia Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz Mexico

Aging in all organisms is inevitable. Male age can have profound effects on mating success and female reproduction, yet relatively little is known on the effects of male age on different components of the ejaculate. Furthermore, in mass-reared insects used for the Sterile Insect Technique, there are often behavioral differences between mass-reared and wild males, while differences in the ejaculate have been less studied. The ejaculate in insects is composed mainly of sperm and accessory gland proteins. Here, we studied how male age and strain affected （i） protein quantity of testes and accessory glands, （ii） the biological activity of accessory gland products injected into females, （iii） sperm viability, and （iv） sperm quantity stored by females in wild and mass-reared Anastrepha ludens （Diptera： Tephritidae）. We found lower protein content in testes of old wild males and lower sperm viability in females mated with old wild males. Females stored more sperm when mated to young wild males than with young mass-reared males. Accessory gland injections of old or young males did not inhibit female remating. Knowledge of how male age affects different ejaculate components will aid our understanding on investment of the ejaculate and possible postcopulatory consequences on female behavior.

关键词： accessory glands age Anastrepha ludens mass-rearing sperm Tephritidae

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Responses of Flowering Time to Elevated Carbon Dioxide among Soybean Photoperiod Isolines

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 773-779页

作者： James A. Bunce Wilbert cruz Hilacondo USDA-ARS Crop Systems and Global Change laboratory Beltsville MD USA Instituto Nacionale de Innovacion Agraria La Molina Peru

Changes in the phenology of flowering in soybeans caused by long-term growth at elevated CO2 may be important to the responses of seed yield to elevated CO2. Here we utilized near-isogenic lines of soybeans differing in three genes influencing photoperiod sensitivity to determine whether these genes affected the response of flowering time to elevated CO2. Six isolines of Harosoy 63 were grown at ambient (380 μmol?mol-1) and elevated (560 μmol?mol-1) CO2 concentrations in the field using free-air CO2 enrichment systems, in air-conditioned glasshouses with natural summer photoperiods, and in indoor chambers with day lengths of 11, 13, 15, and 17 hours. The effect of CO2 concentration on flowering time varied with genotype, and there was also an interaction between CO2 and photoperiod in all genotypes, as indicated by ANOVA. Elevated CO2 accelerated flowering in some cases, and delayed it in other cases. For all three of the isolines with single dominant genes, elevated CO2 decreased the days to first open flower at the longest photoperiod. At the shortest photoperiod, elevated CO2 delayed flowering in all but one isoline. The all-recessive isoline had slower flowering at elevated CO2 at both the shortest and the longest photoperiods, and also in the field and in the glasshouse. delayed flowering at elevated CO2 in the field and glasshouse was associated with an increased final number of main stem nodes. It is concluded that the E1, E3, and E4 genes each influenced how the time to first flowering was affected by CO2 concentration at long photoperiods.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide Concentration Flowering Soybean Photoperiod Isolines

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An overview of resistance to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma and future perspectives

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 762-793页

作者： Dorian Yarih Garcia-Ortega Sara Aileen Cabrera-Nieto Haydee Sarai Caro-Sanchez Marlid cruz-Ramos Cirugia Oncologica Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCAN)Ciudad de Mexico 14080Mexico Posgrado en Ciencias Medicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad AnahuacCiudad de Mexico 52786Mexico departamento de Patologi Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCAN)Ciudad de México 14080Mexico Catedras de Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONACYT) Instituto Nacional de CancerologiaCiudad de Mexico 14080Mexico

Osteosarcoma(OS)is the most common type of bone *** the availability of multimodal treatment with surgery and chemotherapy,the clinical results remain *** main reason for the poor outcomes in patients with OS is the development of resistance to methotrexate,cisplatin,doxorubicin,and *** and cellular mechanisms associated with resistance to chemotherapy include DNA repair and cell-cycle alterations,enhanced drug efflux,increased detoxification,resistance to apoptosis,autophagy,tumor extracellular matrix,and *** versatility of cells to generate chemoresistance has motivated the use of anti-angiogenic therapy based on tyrosine kinase *** approach has shown that other therapies,along with standard chemotherapy,can improve responses to therapy in patients with ***,microRNAs may act as predictors of drug resistance in *** review provides insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the development of resistance during the treatment of OS and discusses promising novel therapies(e.g.,afatinib and palbociclib)for overcoming resistance to chemotherapy in OS.

关键词： Osteosarcoma therapy resistance tyrosine kinase inhibitor tumoral extracellular microenvironment cell cycle

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An Integrated and Evolutionary Dynamical Systems View of Climate Complexity

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第1期4卷 49-57页

作者： Walter Ritter Ortíz Lorena cruz Sección de Bioclimatología Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera UNAM Circuito Interior s/n Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacan México

The Earth shows a constant display of an organized complexity system, and its intrinsic capacity for sporadic self-organization constitutes its fundamental and profound mysterious property. A graphical method derived from the logistic phase space of precipitation is proposed to identify periods of abundance-scarcity of rain as well as El Nino presence in order to cope with climate change. The most striking result is that the majority of El Nino events on this graph are chaotic, in which the sign of the dominant eigenvalues of precipitation gives trends of scarcity on negative signs and abundance on positive signs, with eleven years periods.

关键词： Climate Change Complexity System Earth

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Immunization with Cop-1 promotes neuroprotection and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1733-1734页

作者： Yolanda cruz Paola Suárez-Meade Antonio Ibarra Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac México Norte Av.Universidad Anáhuac No.46 Col.Lomas Anáhuac C.P.52786 Huixquilucan Edo.de México Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Tlalpan No.4430 Col.Toriello Guerra C.P.14050México City México

Cerebrovascular diseases are considered to be amongst the most serious public health issues,since they are the third leading cause of death（WHO,2014）and the most common cause of disability *** monetary significance is evidenced by the economic burden imposed on health care systems,given that the cost of medical care for a patient that has suffered a stroke is around$25,741US dollars every 5 years（Luengo-Fernandez et al.,2012）.A stroke occurs as a result of a disturbance or interruption of cerebral blood flow that significantly reduces the supply of oxygen and glucose to the neural tissue. Consequently, several cell death mechanisms （secondary lesion mechanisms） such as necrosis, excitotoxicity, free radical production and inflammation are triggered （Castillo, 2000）.

关键词： Immunization with Cop-1 promotes neuroprotection and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke BDNF Figure

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Prophylaxis with ketotifen in rats with portal hypertension:involvement of mast cell and eicosanoids

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第4期7卷 383-394页

作者： Fernando Sánchez-Patán Raquel Anchuelo Elena Vara cruz García Yolanoa Saavedra Patri Vergara Carmen Cuellar Marta Rodero Maria-Angeles Aller Jaime Arias department of Surgery I School of Medicine Complutense University of MadridSpain department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Complutense University of MadridSpain department of Physiology Autonoma University of BarcelonaSpain department of Parasithology School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridSpain

BACKGROUND:Since we have previously shown an increase of mast cells in the small bowel and in the mesenteric lymph nodes in the rats with prehepatic portal hypertension,it can be hypothesized that this essential inflammatory cell would be involved in the pathogeny of the splanchnic changes related to portal hypertension. METHODS:To verify this hypothesis,we first studied mast cell infiltration in the ileum and in the mesenteric lymph nodes in sham-operated male Wistar rats(n=12) and in short-term prehepatic portal hypertensive rats (n=12),and the serum levels of rat mast cell protease Ⅱ(RMCP-Ⅱ)by *** a second set of experiments ketotifen,a mast cell stabilizer drug,was administered to sham-operated(n=10)and portal hypertensive(n=12) rats 24 hours before the intervention and prostanoids (PGE2,PGI2,TXB2)and leukotrienes(LTC4,LTB4)were assayed by RIA,mast cell infiltration in the ileum and in the mesenteric lymph nodes and the serum levels of RMCP-Ⅱwere also studied,to show its effectiveness to prevent the mesenteric alterations produced by the inflammatory mediators released by the mast cell. RESULTS:Forty-eight hours after the intervention RMCP-Ⅱ (Pdecreased and mast cell number and RMCP-Ⅱlevels increased in mesenteric lymph nodes in portal hypertensive *** administration of ketotifen reduced portal pressure(Pdes. CONCLUSIONS:In acute portal hypertension in the rat,the mast cell translocation from intestinal mucosa to mesenteric lymph nodes,where they are activated and degranulates,would represent a defence mechanism to avoid the activation of an acute and massive inflammatory response in this *** administration of ketotifen is able to reduce the splanchnic inflammatory changes related to acute portal hypertension in the rat.

关键词： portal hypertension prostaglandins leukotrienes mast cell

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Reiterated homogenization of a laminate with imperfect contact:gain-enhancement of effective properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第8期39卷 1119-1146页

作者： F.E.ALVAREZ-BORGES J.BRAVO-CASTILLERO M.E.cruz R.GUINOVART-DIAZ L.D.PEREZ-FERNANdeZ R.RODRIGUEZ-RAMOS F.J.SABINA Facultad de Matematica y Computacion Departamento de MatematicaUniversidad de La HabanaSan Lazaro y LHabana 4La HabanaCP 10400Cuba departamento de Matematicas y Mecanica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Matematicas Aplicadas y en Sistemas01000 CDMXAP 20-126M′exico departamento de Engenharia Mecanica Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroPolitecnica/COPPECaixa Postal 68503Rio de JaneiroRJCEP 21941-972Brasil departamento de Matematica e Estatistica Universidade Federal de PelotasCaixa Postal 354PelotasRio Grande do SulCEP 96010-900Brasil

A family of one-dimensional(1D) elliptic boundary-value problems with periodic and rapidly-oscillating piecewise-smooth coefficients is considered. The coefficients depend on the local or fast variables corresponding to two different structural scales. A finite number of imperfect contact conditions are analyzed at each of the scales. The reiterated homogenization method(RHM) is used to construct a formal asymptotic solution. The homogenized problem, the local problems, and the corresponding effective coefficients are obtained. A variational formulation is derived to obtain an estimate to prove the proximity between the solutions of the original problem and the homogenized problem. Numerical computations are used to illustrate both the convergence of the solutions and the gain of the effective properties of a three-scale heterogeneous 1D laminate with respect to their two-scale counterparts. The theoretical and practical ideas exposed here could be used to mathematically model multidimensional problems involving multiscale composite materials with imperfect contact at the interfaces.

关键词： reiterated homogenization method(RHM) imperfect contact variational formulation effective coefficient gain

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Cyathus tenuicorticalis(Agaricales,Basidiomycota),a new species from la Selva Biological Station,Costa Rica

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Studies in Fungi 2018年第1期3卷 256-263页

作者： Góis JS cruz RHSF Ovrebo CL Baseia IG Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Centro de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Campus UniversitárioNatal59072-970RNBrazil ²Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução Centro de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Campus UniversitárioNatal59072-970RNBrazil ³department of Biology University of Central Oklahoma100 North University DriveEdmondOK 73034United States departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Centro de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho3000Campus UniversitárioNatal59072-970RNBrazil

Cyathus tenuicorticalis was found growing on decaying wood from la Selva Biological Station,Costa *** were analyzed using the methodology proposed for the group and specific literature for the *** fundamental diagnostic features for this new species are the very thin double-layered cortex in peridioles,exoperidium strongly hirsute,and a platinum bright ***,discussion and photographs of this new species are provided.

关键词： Biodiversity Bird’s nest fungi Gasteriod fungi Nidulariaceae Taxonomy

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