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Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucin expression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第31期21卷 9430-9436页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin MedicalCenterTel Aviv University

AIM: To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and mucin expression in gastric ***: English Medical literature searches were conducted for gastric mucin expression in H. pylori infected people vs uninfected people. Searches wereperformed up to December 31 th 2014,using MEDLINE,Pub Med,EMBASE,Scopus,and CENTRAL. Studies comparing mucin expression in the gastric mucosa in patients positive and negative for H. pylori infection,were included. Meta-analysis was performed by using Comprehensive meta-analysis software(Version 3,Biostat Inc.,Englewood,NJ,United States). Pooled odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated compared mucin expression in individual studies by using the random effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q-test,and it was considered to be present if the Q-test P value was less than 0.10. I2 statistic was used to measure the proportion of inconsistency in individual studies,with I2 > 50% representing substantial heterogeneity. We also calculated a potential publication ***: Eleven studies,which represent 53 substudies of 15 different kinds of mucin expression,were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Every kind of mucin has been considered as one study. When a specific mucin has been studied in more than one paper,we combined the results in a nested metaanalysis of this particular mucin: MUC2,MUC6,STn,Paradoxical con A,Tn,T,Type 1 chain mucin,Le A,SLe A,Le B,AB-PAS,MUC1,and MUC5 AC. The odds ratio of mucin expression in random analysis was 2.33,95%CI: 1.230-4.411,P = 0.009,higher expression in H. pylori infected patients. Odds ratio for mucin expression in H. pylori positive patients was higher for MUC6(9.244,95%CI: 1.567-54.515,P = 0.014),and significantly lower for MUC5AC(0.447,95%CI: 0.211-0.949,P = 0.036). Thus,H. pylori infection may increase MUC6 expression and decrease MUC5 AC expression by 924% and 52%,***: H.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gastric mucin Stomach Secretio

Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 73-91页

作者： Hua Wang Wajahat Mehal Laura E.Nagy yaron Rotman Department of Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina InfIammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province HefeiAnhuiChina West Haven VA Medical Center West Haven CT and Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Department of Inflammation and Immunity Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Liver and Energy Metabolism Section Liver Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are the two major types of chronic liver disease *** processes play key roles in the pathogeneses of fatty liver diseases,and continuous inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis(ASH)and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Although both ALD and NAFLD are closely related to inflammation,their respective developmental mechanisms differ to some ***,we review the roles of multiple immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets related to the inflammation associated with fatty liver diseases and the differences in the progression of ASH and *** cell types in the liver,including macrophages,neutrophils,other immune cell types and hepatocytes,are involved in fatty liver disease *** addition,microRNAs(miRNAs),extracellular vesicles(EVs),and complement also contribute to the inflammatory process,as does intertissue crosstalk between the liver and the intestine,adipose tissue,and the nervous *** point out that inflammation also plays important roles in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial *** the complex regulatory process of disrupted homeostasis during the development of fatty liver diseases may lead to the development of improved targeted therapeutic intervention strategies.

关键词： ALD NAFLD inflammation cytokine target immune

Genetics in Keratoconus: where are we?

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 121-130页

作者： Yelena Bykhovskaya Benjamin Margines yaron S.Rabinowitz Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesUSA Cornea Genetic Eye Institute 50 N.La Cienega Blvd.Suite#340Beverly HillsCA 90211USA The Jules Stein Eye Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUSA

Keratoconus(KC)is a non-inflammatory thinning and protrusion of the cornea in which the cornea assumes a conical *** etiology of this condition at present remains an *** environmental factors have been involved in KC pathogenesis,strong underlining genetic susceptibility has been *** lack of consistent findings among early genetic studies suggested a heterogeneity and complex nature of the genetic contribution to the development of ***,genome-wide linkage studies(GWLS)and genome-wide association studies(GWAS)were ***-generation sequencing(NGS)-based genomic screens are also currently being carried *** of these recently developed comprehensive genetic tools led to a much greater success and increased reproducibility of genetic findings in *** of the LOX gene identified through GWLS has been confirmed in multiple cohorts of KC patients around the *** susceptibility region located at the 2q21.3 chromosomal region near the RAB3GAP1 gene identified through GWAS was independently *** variants in the ZNF469 gene(mutated in corneal dystrophy Brittle Cornea Syndrome)and in the TGFBI gene(mutated in multiple corneal epithelial–stromal TGFBI dystrophies)have been repeatedly identified in familial and sporadic KC patients of different *** comprehensive strategies using quantitative endophenotypes have been successfully employed to bring further understanding to the genetics of *** genetic determinants including the COL5A1 gene have been identified in the GWAS of KC-related trait central corneal *** recent discoveries confirmed the importance of the endophenotype approach for studying complex genetic diseases such as KC and showed that different connective tissue disorders may have the same genetic determinants.

关键词： Keratoconus Genetics Complex disease Genetic variation Linkage Genetic association Sequencing Corneal dystrophy Genotyping

Alpha-1 Anti-trypsin Exerts a Hepatoprotective Effect on Immune-mediated Hepatitis and Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第4期6卷 345-349页

作者： Yehudit Shabat Ami Ben Ya'acov yaron Ilan Gastroenterology and Liver Units Department of MedicineHebrew University-Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael

Background and Aims:The serine proteinase inhibitor alpha-1 anti-trypsin(AAT)protects the body against protease *** functions of AAT beyond those attributed to its antiprotease activity have been described,among them immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory *** present study aimed to determine the efficacy of AAT for the treatment of immune-mediated liver injury using the models of concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis and acetaminophen-induced liver ***:AATwas administered to mice subjected to concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis or 2 h after acetaminophen-induced liver *** were followed for changes in serum levels of liver enzymes,liver histology,and for interferon gamma serum ***:Treatment with AATalleviated concanavalin A-induced immunemediated liver damage,as demonstrated by a reduction in the serum levels of liver enzymes and interferon gamma,and an improved lymphocyte infiltration into the liver on liver ***,treatment with AAT was associated with alleviation of the acetaminophen-induced liver ***:AAT exerts an hepatoprotective effect on immune-mediated and drug-induced liver *** data support its potential use in patients with immune-associated liver disorders.

关键词： Alpha-1 anti-trypsin Chronic liver disease Acetaminophen Druginduced liver injury

Leaky gut and the liver: A role for bacterial translocation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2609-2618页

作者： yaron Ilan Gastroenterology and Liver Units Department of Medicine Hadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem 91120 Israel

Gut flora and bacterial translocation (BT) play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and its complications. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased bacterial translocation of gut flora from the intestinal lumen predispose patients to bacterial infections, major complications and also play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disorders. Levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a component of gram-negative bacteria, are increased in the portal and/or systemic circulation in several types of chronic liver disease. Impaired gut epithelial integrity due to alterations in tight junction proteins may be the pathological mechanism underlying bacterial translocation. Preclinical and clinical studies over the last decade have suggested a role for BT in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bacterial overgrowth, immune dysfunction, alteration of the luminal factors, and altered intestinal permeability are all involved in the pathogenesis of NASH and its complications. A better understanding of the cell-specific recognition and intracellular signaling events involved in sensing gut-derived microbes will help in the development of means to achieve an optimal balance in the gut-liver axis and ameliorate liver diseases. These may suggest new targets for potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of NASH. Here, we review some of the mechanisms connecting BT and NASH and potential therapeutic developments.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Bacterial translocation Insulin resistance Leaky gut Lipopolysaccharide

Removing Moisture Effect on Soil Reflectance Properties: A Case Study of Clay Content Prediction

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 421-431页

作者： yaron OGEN Shira FAIGENBAUM-GOLOVIN Amihai GRANOT Yoel SHKOLNISKY Naftaly GOLDSHLEGER Eyal BEN-DOR The Porter School of Environmental Studies Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel) Department of Applied Mathematics Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel) Remote Sensing Laboratory Department of Geography and the Human Environment Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel) Department of Civil Engineering Ariel University Ariel 407000 (Israel)

Visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared(VNIR-SWIR) spectroscopy is an efficient approach for predicting soil properties because it reduces the time and cost of analyses. However, its advantages are hampered by the presence of soil moisture, which masks the major spectral absorptions of the soil and distorts the overall spectral shape. Hence, developing a procedure that skips the drying process for soil properties assessment directly from wet soil samples could save invaluable time. The goal of this study was twofold:proposing two approaches, partial least squares(PLS) and nearest neighbor spectral correction(NNSC), for dry spectral prediction and utilizing those spectra to demonstrate the ability to predict soil clay content. For these purposes, we measured 830 samples taken from eight common soil types in Israel that were sampled at 66 different locations. The dry spectrum accuracy was measured using the spectral angle mapper(SAM) and the average sum of deviations squared(ASDS), which resulted in low prediction errors of less than 8% and 14%, respectively. Later, our hypothesis was tested using the predicted dry soil spectra to predict the clay content, which resulted in R^2 of 0.69 and 0.58 in the PLS and NNSC methods, respectively. Finally, our results were compared to those obtained by external parameter orthogonalization(EPO) and direct standardization(DS). This study demonstrates the ability to evaluate the dry spectral fingerprint of a wet soil sample, which can be utilized in various pedological aspects such as soil monitoring, soil classification,and soil properties assessment.

关键词： dry spectral fingerprint nearest neighbor spectral correction partial least squares reflectance spectra soil moisture soil property spectroscopy wet soil

Efficiency of bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy examination:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1313-1317页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical CenterBeilinson Hospital Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikva 49100Israel

Good preparation before endoscopic procedures is essential for successful visualization. The small bowel is difficult to evaluate because of its length and complex configuration. A meta-analysis was conducted of studies comparing small bowel visualization by capsule endoscopy with and without preparation. Medical data bases were searched for all studies investigating the preparation for capsule endoscopy of the small bowel up to July 31, 2007. Studies that scored bowel cleanness and measured gastric and small bowel transit time and rate of cecum visualization were included. The primary endpoint was the quality of bowel visualization. The secondary endpoints were transit times and proportion of examinations that demonstrated the cecum, with and without preparation. Meta-analysis was performed with StatDirect Statistical software, version 2.6.1 (http:// ***). Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Bowel visualization was scored as "good" in 78% of the examinations performed with preparation and 49% performed without (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in transit times or in the proportion of examinations that demonstrated the cecum with and without preparation. Capsule endoscopy preparation improves the quality of small bowel visualization, but has no effect on transit times, or demonstration of the cecum.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Bowel preparation Transit time

Microsatellite instability and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第12期13卷 1767-1769页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Hospital Tel Aviv University Israel

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is caused by a series of genetic or epigenetic changes, and in the last decade there has been an increased awareness that there are multiple forms of colorectal cancer that develop through different pathways. Microsatellite instability is involved in the genesis of about 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers and most of hereditary nonpolyposis cancers. Tumors with a high frequency of microsatellite instability tend to be diploid, to possess a mucinous histology, and to have a surrounding lymphoid reaction. They are more prevalent in the proximal colon and have a fast pass from polyp to cancer. Nevertheless, they are associated with longer survival than stage-matched tumors with microsateUite stability. Resistance of colorectal cancers with a high frequency of microsatellite instability to 5-fluorouracilbased chemotherapy is well established. Silencing the MLH1 gene expression by its promoter methylation stops the formation of MLH1 protein, and prevents the normal activation of the DNA repair gene. This is an important cause for genomic instability and cell proliferation to the point of colorectal cancer formation. Better knowledge of this process will have a huge impact on colorectal cancer management, prevention, treatment and prognosis.

关键词： MLH1 Methylation Colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability CpG island methylator phenotype Chromosomal instability

H pylori recurrence after successful eradication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第10期14卷 1477-1478页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Petach Tikva 49100 Israel

Recurrence of H pylori after eradication is rare in developed countries and more frequent in developing countries. Recrudescence (recolonization of the same strain within 12 mo after eradication) rather than reinfection (colonization with a new strain, more than 12 mo after eradication) is considered to be responsible for most of the cases. This observation was confirmed only in developed countries, while in developing countries a recent meta-analysis demonstrated a high rate of reinfection. The proportion of H pylori annual recurrence was 2.67% and 13.00% in developed and developing countries, respectively. Nested meta-analysis (only cases with a longer follow-up and a negative 13CUBT a year after eradication) revealed annual recurrence rate of 1.45% [relative risk (RR), 0.54] and 12.00% (RR, 0.92) in developed and developing countries, respectively. These findings support the notion that in developed countries many cases of recurrence are due to recrudescence within the first year after eradication, with a 46% drop in the recurrence rate after the first year post eradication, while in developing countries reinfection is more pronounced, and continue at the same rate since eradication. A different approach for follow-up after H pylori eradication is probably needed in patients of developing countries, since reinfection is highly prevalent.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Eradication Recurrence,Recrudescence Reinfection