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Can Religious Pluralism Influence Governance and Societal Cohesion?

Journalism and Mass Communication 2024年第3期14卷 155-165页

作者： yaron Katz Holon Institute of Technology Israel

This analysis uncovers the complex interplay of religion,politics,and society in Israel,revealing the intricate dynamics of secular and religious *** study explores the deep ideological rift between secular and religious communities,a divide that profoundly impacts political stability and *** division often leads to political crises and reshuffling,with the political system characterized by unstable coalition *** research is grounded in the divisions over the state’s spiritual ideology,with significant Orthodox influence shaping policy on education,family law,and cultural *** research shows the profound influence of religious parties on Israeli politics,significantly shaping the country’s policies and ideological *** by external factors such as security threats and diplomatic challenges,the dynamic interaction between politics and religion shapes Israeli politics since religious parties advocate for policies that align with their interpretation of Jewish religious law,thereby impacting the role of religion in public *** influence of religious politics has led to a discernible shift toward greater religious orthodoxy in public life,driven by the political power of religious parties that prioritize religious values above secular democratic *** state’s endorsement of religious education and institutions shapes public policy and societal *** analysis examines the influence of religious values in public policy and the dynamic interaction between religious and political spheres,aimed to ensure that religion remains dominant in shaping societal norms and *** complex relationship demonstrates the ongoing challenges in balancing religious orthodoxy with secular principles,which poses difficulties and has implications for the stability and cohesion of Israeli *** urgency and complexity of this task cannot be overstated,as it is crucial for the future of Israeli politics a

关键词： religion pluralism governance politics Israel

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Constructing Electron Microscope Labs: Challenges and Solutions

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2024年第3期12卷 53-68页

作者： Limei Cha Markus Walkling-Ribeiro Zhenxi Guo yaron Kauffman Constance Van Horne Department of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong-Technion Israel Institute of Technology Shantou China Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark School of Life Science and Cryo EM core facility Beijing University Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Abu Dhabi School of Management Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The construction of advanced laboratories for precision instruments, such as electron microscopes, involves unique challenges that are influenced by the specific environmental conditions required for optimal functionality. These include mitigating interference from magnetic fields and vibrations, which are critical for maintaining the precision and accuracy of the instruments used. This study aims to offer enhanced project management strategies and detailed construction solutions that address the environmental and technical needs specific to electron microscopy labs, thereby facilitating effective lab operations and extending the lifecycle of high-end precision instruments. Case studies of existing laboratory constructions, onsite investigations, and comprehensive reviews of the technical and environmental requirements provide the basis for a best practice for constructing sophisticated electron microscopy labs. The approach integrates both pre-construction planning and post-construction adjustments to create optimal operational environments. The findings suggest that successful lab constructions are those that incorporate thorough onsite assessments, strategic location choices, and the use of advanced construction materials and techniques specifically designed to counteract environmental challenges like magnetic and vibration interferences. Actionable guidelines for both planning and executing the construction of electron microscope labs highlighted in this tutorial are intended as an important resource to troubleshoot or upgrade existing lab facilities and to consult in preparation of future lab construction projects.

关键词： Laboratory Construction Development Strategies Management Case Study Electron Microscope Magnetic Shielding Vibration

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Leaky gut and the liver: A role for bacterial translocation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2609-2618页

作者： yaron Ilan Gastroenterology and Liver Units Department of Medicine Hadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem 91120 Israel

Gut flora and bacterial translocation (BT) play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and its complications. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased bacterial translocation of gut flora from the intestinal lumen predispose patients to bacterial infections, major complications and also play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disorders. Levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a component of gram-negative bacteria, are increased in the portal and/or systemic circulation in several types of chronic liver disease. Impaired gut epithelial integrity due to alterations in tight junction proteins may be the pathological mechanism underlying bacterial translocation. Preclinical and clinical studies over the last decade have suggested a role for BT in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bacterial overgrowth, immune dysfunction, alteration of the luminal factors, and altered intestinal permeability are all involved in the pathogenesis of NASH and its complications. A better understanding of the cell-specific recognition and intracellular signaling events involved in sensing gut-derived microbes will help in the development of means to achieve an optimal balance in the gut-liver axis and ameliorate liver diseases. These may suggest new targets for potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of NASH. Here, we review some of the mechanisms connecting BT and NASH and potential therapeutic developments.

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Bacterial translocation Insulin resistance Leaky gut Lipopolysaccharide

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Microsatellite instability and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第12期13卷 1767-1769页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Hospital Tel Aviv University Israel

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is caused by a series of genetic or epigenetic changes, and in the last decade there has been an increased awareness that there are multiple forms of colorectal cancer that develop through different pathways. Microsatellite instability is involved in the genesis of about 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers and most of hereditary nonpolyposis cancers. Tumors with a high frequency of microsatellite instability tend to be diploid, to possess a mucinous histology, and to have a surrounding lymphoid reaction. They are more prevalent in the proximal colon and have a fast pass from polyp to cancer. Nevertheless, they are associated with longer survival than stage-matched tumors with microsateUite stability. Resistance of colorectal cancers with a high frequency of microsatellite instability to 5-fluorouracilbased chemotherapy is well established. Silencing the MLH1 gene expression by its promoter methylation stops the formation of MLH1 protein, and prevents the normal activation of the DNA repair gene. This is an important cause for genomic instability and cell proliferation to the point of colorectal cancer formation. Better knowledge of this process will have a huge impact on colorectal cancer management, prevention, treatment and prognosis.

关键词： MLH1 Methylation Colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability CpG island methylator phenotype Chromosomal instability

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Efficiency of bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy examination:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1313-1317页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical CenterBeilinson Hospital Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikva 49100Israel

Good preparation before endoscopic procedures is essential for successful visualization. The small bowel is difficult to evaluate because of its length and complex configuration. A meta-analysis was conducted of studies comparing small bowel visualization by capsule endoscopy with and without preparation. Medical data bases were searched for all studies investigating the preparation for capsule endoscopy of the small bowel up to July 31, 2007. Studies that scored bowel cleanness and measured gastric and small bowel transit time and rate of cecum visualization were included. The primary endpoint was the quality of bowel visualization. The secondary endpoints were transit times and proportion of examinations that demonstrated the cecum, with and without preparation. Meta-analysis was performed with StatDirect Statistical software, version 2.6.1 (http:// ***). Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Bowel visualization was scored as "good" in 78% of the examinations performed with preparation and 49% performed without (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in transit times or in the proportion of examinations that demonstrated the cecum with and without preparation. Capsule endoscopy preparation improves the quality of small bowel visualization, but has no effect on transit times, or demonstration of the cecum.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Bowel preparation Transit time

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H pylori recurrence after successful eradication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第10期14卷 1477-1478页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Petach Tikva 49100 Israel

Recurrence of H pylori after eradication is rare in developed countries and more frequent in developing countries. Recrudescence (recolonization of the same strain within 12 mo after eradication) rather than reinfection (colonization with a new strain, more than 12 mo after eradication) is considered to be responsible for most of the cases. This observation was confirmed only in developed countries, while in developing countries a recent meta-analysis demonstrated a high rate of reinfection. The proportion of H pylori annual recurrence was 2.67% and 13.00% in developed and developing countries, respectively. Nested meta-analysis (only cases with a longer follow-up and a negative 13CUBT a year after eradication) revealed annual recurrence rate of 1.45% [relative risk (RR), 0.54] and 12.00% (RR, 0.92) in developed and developing countries, respectively. These findings support the notion that in developed countries many cases of recurrence are due to recrudescence within the first year after eradication, with a 46% drop in the recurrence rate after the first year post eradication, while in developing countries reinfection is more pronounced, and continue at the same rate since eradication. A different approach for follow-up after H pylori eradication is probably needed in patients of developing countries, since reinfection is highly prevalent.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Eradication Recurrence,Recrudescence Reinfection

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MUC1 and colorectal cancer pathophysiology considerations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第14期14卷 2139-2141页

作者： yaron Niv Department of Gastroenterology Rabin Medical Center Tel Aviv University 2 Hadekel St. Pardesia 42815 Israel

Several lines of evidence point towards a biological role of mucin and particularly MUC1 in colorectal cancer. A positive correlation was described between mucin secretion, proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis and bad prognosis. But, the role of MUC1 in cancer progression is still controversial and somewhat confusing. While Mukherjee and colleagues developed MUC1-specific immune therapy in a CRC model, Lillehoj and coinvestigators showed recently that MUC1 inhibits cell proliferation by a β-catenin-dependent mechanism. In carcinoma cells the polarization of MUC1 is lost and the protein is over expressed at high levels over the entire cell surface. A competitive interaction between MUC1 and E-cadherin, through β-catenin binding, disrupts E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions at sites of MUC1 expression. In addition, the complex of MUC1-β-catenin enters the nucleus and activates T-cell factor/leukocyte enhancing factor 1 transcription factors and activates gene expression. This mechanism may be similar to that just described for DCC and UNC5H, which induced apoptosis when not engaged with their ligand netrin, but mediate signals for proliferation, differentiation or migration when ligand bound.

关键词： Mucin MUC1 Glycoprotein Colorectal cancer Gastrointestinal oncology Carcinogenesis Metastasis Tumorigenicity

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Point-of-care continuous ^(13)C-methacetin breath test improves decision making in acute liver disease: Results of a pilot clinical trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第8期15卷 966-972页

作者： Gadi Lalazar Tomer Adar yaron Ilan Gastroenterology and Liver Units Department of Medicine Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Ein-Kerem IL 91120 POB 12000 Jerusalem Israel

AIM: To assess the role of the 13C-methacetin breath test (MBT) in patients with acute liver disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients with severe acute liver disease from diverse etiologies were followed-up with 13C-MBT during the acute phase of their illnesses (range 3-116 d after treatment). Patients fasted for 8 h and ingested 75 mg of methacetin prior to the MBT. We compared results from standard clinical assessment, serum liver enzymes, synthetic function, and breath test scores. RESULTS: Thirteen patients recovered and two patients died. In patients that recovered, MBT parameters improved in parallel with improvements in lab results. Evidence of consistent improvement began on day 3 for MBT parameters and between days 7 and 9 for blood tests. Later convergence to normality occurred at an average of 9 d for MBT parameters and from 13 to 28 d for blood tests. In both patients that died, MBT parameters remained low despite fluctuating laboratory values. CONCLUSION: The 13C-MBT provides a rapid, noninvasive assessment of liver function in acute severe liver disease of diverse etiologies. The results of this pilot clinical trial suggest that the MBT may offer greater sensitivity than standard clinical tests for managing patients with severe acute liver disease.

关键词： Acute liver disease Methacetin Breath test Fulminant hepatitis

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Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 73-91页

作者： Hua Wang Wajahat Mehal Laura E.Nagy yaron Rotman Department of Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina InfIammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province HefeiAnhuiChina West Haven VA Medical Center West Haven CT and Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA Department of Inflammation and Immunity Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Liver and Energy Metabolism Section Liver Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are the two major types of chronic liver disease *** processes play key roles in the pathogeneses of fatty liver diseases,and continuous inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis(ASH)and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Although both ALD and NAFLD are closely related to inflammation,their respective developmental mechanisms differ to some ***,we review the roles of multiple immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets related to the inflammation associated with fatty liver diseases and the differences in the progression of ASH and *** cell types in the liver,including macrophages,neutrophils,other immune cell types and hepatocytes,are involved in fatty liver disease *** addition,microRNAs(miRNAs),extracellular vesicles(EVs),and complement also contribute to the inflammatory process,as does intertissue crosstalk between the liver and the intestine,adipose tissue,and the nervous *** point out that inflammation also plays important roles in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial *** the complex regulatory process of disrupted homeostasis during the development of fatty liver diseases may lead to the development of improved targeted therapeutic intervention strategies.

关键词： ALD NAFLD inflammation cytokine target immune

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Gastric stimulation for weight loss

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第19期18卷 2309-2319页

作者： Meir Mizrahi Ami Ben Ya'acov yaron Ilan Gastroenterology and Liver Units Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical CenterEin-KaremJerusalemPOB1200Israel

The prevalence of obesity is growing to epidemic proportions,and there is clearly a need for minimally invasive therapies with few adverse effects that allow for sustained weight *** and lifestyle therapy are safe treatments for obesity in the short term,but the durability of the weight loss is *** promising obesity drugs are in development,the currently available drugs lack efficacy or have unacceptable side *** leads to long-term weight loss,but it is associated with morbidity and *** electrical stimulation(GES) has received increasing attention as a potential tool for treating obesity and gastrointestinal dysmotility *** is a promising,minimally invasive,safe,and effective method for treating *** gastric pacing is aimed at alteration of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract in a way that will alter absorption due to alteration of transit *** addition,data from animal models and preliminary data from human trials suggest a role for the gut-brain axis in the mechanism of *** may involve alteration of secretion of hormones associated with hunger or *** selection for gastric stimulation therapy seems to be an important determinant of the treatment's ***,we review the current status,potential mechanisms of action,and possible future applications of gastric stimulation for obesity.

关键词： Obesity Gastric stimulation Gastric motil-ity External pacing Gastric pacing Intestinal pacing

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