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Time-lagged Effects of the Spring Atmospheric Heat Source over the Tibetan Plateau on Summer Precipitation in Northeast China during 1961–2020:Role of Soil Moisture

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1527-1538页

作者： Yizhe HAN Dabang JIANG Dong SI yaoming ma Weiqiang ma Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources (TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

The spring atmospheric heat source(AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) has been suggested to affect the Asian summer monsoon and summer precipitation over South China. However, its influence on the summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC) remains unknown. The connection between spring TP AHS and subsequent summer precipitation over NEC from 1961 to 2020 is analyzed in this study. Results illustrate that stronger spring TP AHS can enhance subsequent summer NEC precipitation, and higher soil moisture in the Yellow River Valley-North China region(YRVNC)acts as a bridge. During spring, the strong TP AHS could strengthen the transportation of water vapor to East China and lead to excessive rainfall in the YRVNC. Thus, soil moisture increases, which regulates local thermal conditions by decreasing local surface skin temperature and sensible heat. Owing to the memory of soil moisture, the lower spring sensible heat over the YRVNC can last until mid-summer, decrease the land–sea thermal contrast, and weaken the southerly winds over the East Asia–western Pacific region and convective activities over the South China Sea and tropical western Pacific. This modulates the East Asia–Pacific teleconnection pattern, which leads to a cyclonic anomaly and excessive summer precipitation over NEC.

关键词： atmospheric heat source Northeast China soil moisture summer precipitation Tibetan Plateau

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TP-PROFILE: Monitoring the Thermodynamic Structure of the Troposphere over the Third Pole

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1264-1277页

作者： Xuelong CHEN Yajing LIU yaoming ma Weiqiang ma Xiangde XU Xinghong CHENG Luhan LI Xin XU Binbin WANG Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Disastrous Weather China Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Ground-based microwave radiometers(MWRs)operating in the K-and V-bands(20–60 GHz)can help us obtain temperature and humidity profiles in the troposphere.Aside from some soundings from local meteorological observatories,the tropospheric atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has never been continuously observed.As part of the Chinese Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),the Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Profile(TPPROFILE)project aims to construct a comprehensive MWR troposphere observation network to study the synoptic processes and environmental changes on the TP.This initiative has collected three years of data from the MWR network.This paper introduces the data information,the data quality,and data downloading.Some applications of the data obtained from these MWRs were also demonstrated.Our comparisons of MWR against the nearest radiosonde observation demonstrate that the TP-PROFILE MWR system is adequate for monitoring the thermal and moisture variability of the troposphere over the TP.The continuous temperature and moisture profiles derived from the MWR data provide a unique perspective on the evolution of the thermodynamic structure associated with the heating of the TP.The TP-PROFILE project reveals that the low-temporal resolution instruments are prone to large uncertainties in their vapor estimation in the mountain valleys on the TP.

关键词： microwave radiometer thermodynamic structure vertical profile Tibetan Plateau

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A Study on the Assessment and Integration of Multi-Source Evapotranspiration Products over the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 435-448页

作者： Ming CHENG Lei ZHONG yaoming ma Han ma Yaoxin CHANG Peizhen LI Meilin CHENG Xian WANG Nan GE School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change Nanjing 210023China Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Evapotranspiration(ET)is a crucial variable in the terrestrial water,carbon,and energy cycles.At present,a large number of multi source ET products exist.Due to sparse observations,however,great challenges exist in the evaluation and integration of ET products in remote and complex areas such as the Tibetan Plateau(TP).In this paper,the applicability of the multiple collocation(MC)method over the TP is evaluated for the first time,and the uncertainty of multisource ET products(based on reanalysis,remote sensing,and land surface models)is further analyzed,which provides a theoretical basis for ET data fusion.The results show that 1)ET uncertainties quantified via the MC method are lower in RS-based ET products(5.95 vs.7.06 mm month^(-1))than in LSM ET products(10.22 vs.17.97 mm month^(-1))and reanalysis ET estimates(7.27 vs.12.26 mm month-1).2)A multisource evapotranspiration(MET)dataset is generated at a monthly temporal scale with a spatial resolution of 0.25°across the TP during 2005-15.MET has better performance than any individual product.3)Based on the fusion product,the total ET amount over the TP and its patterns of spatiotemporal variability are clearly identified.The annual total ET over the entire TP is approximately 380.60 mm.Additionally,an increasing trend of 1.59±0.85 mm yr^(-1)over the TP is shown during 2005-15.This study provides a basis for future studies on water and energy cycles and water resource management over the TP and surrounding regions.

关键词： evapotranspiration data fusion multiple collocation the Tibetan Plateau

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Study on the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and heat source characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 117-133页

作者： Yujie LI Xiaoqing GAO yaoming ma Zeyong HU Zhenchao LI Liwei YANG Xiao JIN Xiyin ZHOU Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Institute of Meteorological ScienceTianjin 300074China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

There are many types of atmospheric heat engines in land-air systems.The accurate definition,calculation and interpretation of the efficiency of atmospheric heat engines are key to understanding energy transfer and transformation of landair systems.The atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)in summer can be regarded as a positive heat engine.The study of the heat engine efficiency is helpful to better understand land-air interaction and thermal-dynamic processes on the QTP.It also provides a new perspective to explain the impact of the QTP on the climate of China,East Asia and even the world.In this paper,we used MOD08 and ERA5 reanalysis data to calculate the atmospheric heat engine efficiency,surface heat source and atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer(may to September)from 2000 to 2020.The average atmospheric heat engine efficiency on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 varies between 1.2%and 1.5%,which is less than 1.6%;the heat engine efficiency in summer is higher than that in June,July and August;the Qaidam Basin is the region with the highest atmospheric heat engine efficiency,followed by the western QTP.The mean surface heat source on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 is 96.0 W m^(−2),the atmospheric heat source is 90.7 W m^(−2),and the release of precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.There is a strong and significant positive correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the surface heat source on the QTP in summer.The precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source in summer and can reflect the precipitation process.There is a strong and significant negative correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change Land-air system Atmospheric heat engine Heat source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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The Earth Summit Mission-2022:Successful ozone soundings contribute to source identification in the north Mt.Qomolangma region

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 412-421页

作者： Jinqiang Zhang Chunxiang Ye Yuejian Xuan Zhixuan Bai Weili Lin Dan Li Lingkun Ran Baofeng Jiao yaomingma Weiqiang ma Nan Yao Yunshu Zeng Daren Lv Tong Zhu Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas(Minzu University of China) National Ethnic Affairs CommissionBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Land-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan Electronic Engineering College Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

As part of“The Earth Summit Mission-2022”during the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)in April and may 2022,we conducted the ozone sounding experiment(an ozonesonde mated to a radiosonde)at Mt.Qomolangma Base Camp(MQBC;86.85°E,28.14°N;5200 m),a location at an extremely high altitude.A total of ten sounding profiles were obtained between April 30 and may 06,2022,of which seven profiles were above35 km in altitude,with a maximum detection altitude up to 39.0 km.This study presents the temporal variation and vertical distributions of atmospheric temperature,humidity,and ozone during the MQBC campaign.The averaged ozone concentration was high(68.3 ppbv)at the surface and then increased smoothly until peaking(~110 ppbv)in the middle troposphere(approximately 10 km),and afterward,the ozone concentration increased rapidly from the upper troposphere to a maximum of~10 ppmv at~30 km.The enhanced ozone concentration in the middle troposphere was associated with the blocking high pressure,and transport from the southern flank of the Himalayas occurred during the campaign period.The average total ozone column was 291.9±21.4 DU for the seven profiles exceeding 35km in altitude.The ozonesonde measurements were also compared with the vertical ozone profiles retrieved from the space-borne ozone products from the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)onboard the Aura satellite and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)onboard the Aqua satellite.

关键词： Ozone soundings Mt.Qomolangma Vertical ozone structure Ozone source Satellite data

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A comparative study of the land-atmosphere energy and water exchanges over the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze River Region

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第2期17卷 52-59页

作者： Nan Yao yaoming ma Binbin Wang Jun Zou Jianning Sun Zhipeng Xie Land–Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes DingriChina Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina China–Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabadPakistan School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change NanjingChina

正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8... 详细信息

正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8个不同地表类型(包括高山荒漠,高山草地,(平原)城市和(平原)草地等)观测站点的地表辐射和能量通量数据.结果显示:(1)TP由于高原大气层稀薄且空气洁净,年平均入射短波辐射为251.3W m^(-2),是YRR的1.7倍.加之高原地表反照率高导致反射辐射(59.6 W m^(-2))是YRR的2.87倍.入射及出射的长波辐射为231.5和338.0 W m^(-2),分别为YRR的0.64和0.83.而两个区域的净辐射差异不大;(2)草地站更多的潜热释放使得地表总加热效率高于城市和高山荒漠,TP和YRR的草地站的年平均潜热分别为35.0和38.8 W m^(-2),而植被稀疏且土壤干燥的高山荒漠地区感热最大,年平均感热为42.1 W m^(-2);其次是城市下垫面,其年平均感热为37.7 W m^(-2).研究结果揭示了不同气候背景下典型下垫面地气相互作用特征,为地气相互作用过程深入分析奠定了基础.

关键词：能量和水分交换辐射分量地表能量通量青藏高原长江流域不同地表类型

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Improved Parameterization of Snow Albedo in WRF+Noah:Methodology Based on a Severe Snow Event on the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1079-1102页

作者： Lian LIU massimo MENENTI yaoming ma Weiqiang ma Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Delft University of Technology Delft 2600AANetherlands College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Snowfall and the subsequent evolution of the snowpack have a large effect on the surface energy balance and water cycle of the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The effects of snow cover can be represented by the WRF coupled with a land surface scheme.The widely used Noah scheme is computationally efficient,but its poor representation of albedo needs considerable improvement.In this study,an improved albedo scheme is developed using a satellite-retrieved albedo that takes snow depth and age into account.Numerical experiments were then conducted to simulate a severe snow event in march 2017.The performance of the coupled WRF/Noah model,which implemented the improved albedo scheme,is compared against the model’s performance using the default Noah albedo scheme and against the coupled WRF/CLM that applied CLM albedo scheme.When the improved albedo scheme is implemented,the albedo overestimation in the southeastern TP is reduced,reducing the RMSE of the air temperature by 0.7°C.The improved albedo scheme also attains the highest correlation between the satellite-derived and the model-estimated albedo,which provides for a realistic representation of both the snow water equivalent(SWE)spatial distribution in the heavy snowbelt(SWE>6 mm)and the maximum SWE in the eastern TP.The underestimated albedo in the coupled WRF/CLM leads to underestimating the regional maximum SWE and a consequent failure to estimate SWE in the heavy snowbelt accurately.Our study demonstrates the feasibility of improving the Noah albedo scheme and provides a theoretical reference for researchers aiming to improve albedo schemes further.

关键词： WRF MODIS severe snowfall albedo scheme SWE Tibetan Plateau

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Estimation of 30 m land surface temperatures over the entire Tibetan Plateau based on Landsat-7 ETM+data and machine learning methods

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 1038-1055页

作者： Xian Wang Lei Zhong yaoming ma Laboratory for Atmospheric Observation and Climate Environment Research School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiPeople's Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology HefeiPeople's Republic of China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change NanjingPeople's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingPeople's Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences BeijingPeople's Republic of China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingPeople's Republic of China

Land surface temperature(LST)is an important parameter in land surface processes.Improving the accuracy of LST retrieval over the entire Tibetan Plateau(TP)using satellite images with high spatial resolution is an important and essential issue for studies of climate change on the TP.In this study,a random forest regression(RFR)model based on different land cover types and an improved generalized single-channel(SC)algorithm based on linear regression(LR)were proposed.Plateau-scale LST products with a 30 m spatial resolution from 2006 to 2017 were derived by 109,978 Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic mapper Plus images and the application of the Google Earth Engine.Validation between LST results obtained from different algorithms and in situ measurements from Tibetan observation and research platform showed that the root mean square errors of the LST results retrieved by the RFR and LR models were 1.890 and 2.767 K,respectively,which were smaller than that of the MODIS product(3.625 K)and the original SC method(5.836 K).

关键词： Google Earth Engine remote sensing machine learning land surface temperature random forest

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Strengthening the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system of multi-layer interaction on the Tibetan Plateau to cope with the warming and wetting trend

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 67-71页

作者： yaoming ma Binbin Wang Xuelong Chen Lei Zhong Zeyong Hu Weiqiang ma Cunbo Han maoshan Li Land–Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes DingriChina Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina China–Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabadPakistan School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology USTCHefeiChina Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change NanjingChina Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina School of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina

青藏高原的水循环变化对于高原及其下游区域人类的生产生活具有举足轻重的影响.在高原暖湿化的背景下,其水文循环加快,极端天气和自然灾害事件概率增大,比如,雪灾,洪水,滑坡,泥石流,冰崩在山区频发.因此,如何准确的估算青藏高原水循环... 详细信息

青藏高原的水循环变化对于高原及其下游区域人类的生产生活具有举足轻重的影响.在高原暖湿化的背景下,其水文循环加快,极端天气和自然灾害事件概率增大,比如,雪灾,洪水,滑坡,泥石流,冰崩在山区频发.因此,如何准确的估算青藏高原水循环各分量的大小及变化幅度是评估高原环境变化影响亟需解决的科学问题.根据水在各圈层间转换过程,我们提出了建立第三极地区(尤其是复杂山区)的三维立体多圈层地气相互作用综合观测系统(包括涡动相关系统,行星边界层塔,微波辐射计,风廓线仪和无线电探空系统观测的风温湿廓线及云雨雷达等)的紧迫性和具体方案,进而为研究青藏高原环境变化和山区灾害预测服务.

关键词：高原变暖变湿水文循环三维立体多圈层相互作用综合观测系统山区灾害应对青藏高原

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Effects of surface heating on precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and its eastern margin

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2023年第5期15卷 230-238页

作者： maoShan Li YuChen Liu Zhao Lv YongHao Jiang Pei Xu yaoming ma FangLin Sun School of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduSichuan 610225China Heilongjiang Branch of CAAC Northeast Regional Administration HarbinHeilongjiang 150079China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesCAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

The high terrain of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has a very important impact on the weather and climate of China,East Asia,South Asia,and even the Northern Hemisphere.However,in recent years,the reasons for the decrease in precipitation in the southeastern edge of the plateau have resulted in cutting-edge research regarding the impact of the TP and its surrounding areas on downstream weather and climate.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of surface heat flux and precipitation were analyzed from 1998 to 2022,and the possible mechanism of the decrease of precipitation in the eastern edge of the plateau is explored.The main conclusions are as follows:The annual average sensible heat flux in the TP and its east side is positive,with an average of 33.73 W/m^(2).The annual average latent heat flux is positive,with an average of 42.71 W/m^(2).Precipitation has a similar annual average and seasonal distribution,with modest amounts in the northwest and substantial amounts in the southeast.The average annual accumulated precipitation is 670.69 mm.The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)shows that sensible heat flux decreases first,then increases,and then finally decreases during 1998–2022.The modes show the opposite trend in middle part of the plateau.The latent heat flux initially decreases,then increases,and finally decreases in the western plateau and near Sichuan Basin.The mode,however,displays the opposite tendency throughout the rest of the region.The precipitation in the north and south sides of the plateau has decreased since 2013,which is consistent with the changing trend of sensible heat flux.In the rest of the region,the change trend is not obvious.The sensible heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is negatively correlated with precipitation,that is,when sensible heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is more(less),local precipitation is less(more).The latent heat of the main body of the plateau and its east sid

关键词： The Tibetan Plateau Surface heating Precipitation EOF Singular value decomposition(SVD)

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