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State-of-the-Art Technology in the Construction of Sea-Crossing Fixed Links with a Bridge, Island, and Tunnel Combination

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Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 15-21页

作者： yaojun ge Yong Yuan State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

In general, two kinds of structures are used to provide a way across a river, canal, sea, or other obstacle: bridge structures that pass over the obstacle, and tunnel structures that pass below the obstacle. Although the construction of both bridges and tunnels can be traced back over thousands of years, bridge–tunnel combinations that use an island as a sea-crossing fixed link (SCFL) have only been built over the past 82 years. The first such combination was probably the 6.4 km long San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in the United States, which was completed in 1936. The most recently constructed SCFL combining a bridge, tunnel, and island is the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao (HZM) Bridge, which opened for traffic on October 24, 2018 with the longest SCFL combination in the world, at a total length of 29.6 km.

关键词： kinds of structures provide a way across combinations

Sectional model test study on vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge system of Shanghai Bridge over Yangtse River

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009年第1期3卷 67-72页

作者： Li ZHOU yaojun ge China Railway Shanghai Design Institute Group Co.Ltd. Shanghai 200070China State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

It is necessary to study how vehicles influence the vortex-excited resonance of vehicle-bridge systems,because lock-in wind speed is low and vortex-excited resonance is sensitive to any change in the main girder *** on the Shanghai Bridge over the Yangtse River,the vortex-excited resonance of a 1∶60 scale sectional model was tested in a TJ-1wind tunnel,with or without vehicles at the attack angle of 0°,+3 and–3°,*** conversion relationships between the resonant amplitudes of the sectional model and that of the prototype bridge were also established by mode shape *** result indicates that:1)for the bridge with vehicles,the vertical vortex-excited resonance is accompanied by torsion vibration with the same frequency,and vice versa,2)the amplitude of vortex-excited resonance of the bridge with vehicles is much larger than that of the bridge without vehicles,and 3)the lock-in wind speed of the vortex-excited resonance becomes smaller due to the disturbance of *** is obvious that vehicles bring about changes in the aerodynamic shape of the main ***,the influence of vehicles on vortex-excited resonance performance of vehicle-bridge systems,in terms of both amplitude and mode,should not be ignored.

关键词： vehicle-bridge system sectional mode vortexexcited resonance wind tunnel test mode shape correction

Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011年第4期5卷 432-450页

作者： yaojun ge Haifan XIANG State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The concept of sustainability is described in this paper using a single sustainable principle,two goals of sustainable development,three dimensions of sustainable engineering,four sustainable requirements and five phases of sustainable *** sustainable requirements and their practice in China are discussed in *** safe reliability of bridges is first compared with the events of bridge failure in China and in the rest of the world and followed by structural durability,including the cracking of concrete cable-stayed bridges,deflection of concrete girder bridges and fatigue cracks of orthotropic steel *** respect to functional adaptability,lateral wind action on vehicles and its improvement are introduced regarding a sea-crossing bridge located in a typhoon-prone *** Chinese practice of using two double main span suspension bridges and a twin parallel deck cable-stayed bridge is presented in discussing the final sustainable requirement:capacity extensibility.

关键词： sustainable engineering safe reliability structural durability functional adaptability capacity extensibility

Aerodynamic stability evolution tendency of suspension bridges with spans from 1000 to 5000 m

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第10期17卷 1465-1476页

作者： Yejun DING Lin ZHAO Rong XIAN Gao LIU Haizhu XIAO yaojun ge State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Wind Resistant Technology for Bridge Structures Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Guangdong Highway Construction Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510600China CCCC Highway Bridges National Engineering Research Center Co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430056China

Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension *** on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges with spans ranging from 888 to 1991 m,we proposed fitted equations for increasing spans and base *** element models of suspension bridges with increasing span from 1000 to 5000 m were *** structural parameters were optimized to follow the fitted *** analyze the aerodynamic instability,streamlined single-box section(SBS),lattice truss section(LTS),narrow slotted section(NSS),and wide slotted section(WSS)were *** performed three-dimensional(3-D)full-mode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic instability *** flutter critical wind speed continuously decreases with span growth,showing an unlimited approaching *** aerostatic instability,the instability wind speed decreases with span to approximately 3000 m,and increases when the span is in the range of 3000 to 5000 *** aerostatic instability wind speed with SBS or LTS girder would be lower than observed maximal gust wind speed,indicating the probability of aerostatic *** study proposes that suspension bridge with span approximately 3000 m should be focused on both aerostatic instability and flutter,and more aerodynamic configuration optimistic optimizations for flutter are essential for super long-span suspension bridges with spans longer than 3000 m.

关键词： suspension bridge super long-span finite element model aerodynamic instability aerodynamic configuration

Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013年第4期7卷 402-410页

作者： yaojun ge Shuyang CAO Xinyang JIN State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China Academy of Building Research Beijing 100013China

This paper reviews wind loading codes and standards in the Asia-Pacific Region,in particular in the 15 countries and areas.A general description of wind loading model is given as a famous wind loading chain described by four variables including velocity pressure,exposure factor,pressure coefficient,and gust response *** the APEC-WW Workshops and the extensive calculations for three examples of low,medium and high rise buildings,these four important variables of wind loads are evaluated and compared with statistical parameters,mean values and coefficients of *** main results of the comparison show some differences among the 15 economies,and the reasons and further incorporation are discussed and suggested.

关键词： wind loading codification velocity pressure exposure factor pressure coefficient gust response factor

general Expression of LRC Method in Estimation of Bridge’s Equivalent Static Wind Load

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2021年第3期28卷 28-44页

作者： Rui Dong yaojun ge Lin Zhao Jiangang Wei College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Civil Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China

According to the relationship between load and response, the equivalent static wind load(ESWL) of a structure can be estimated by load-response correlation(LRC) method, which can be accurately used to estimate the background ESWL of a structure. The derivation of the classical expression of LRC formula is based on a specific command response at a critical position, and the ESWL distribution has only one form in this case. In this paper, a general expression of LRC formula is derived based on a specific command response at all positions. For the general expression, ESWLs can be expressed by load-response correlation coefficients, response-response correlation coefficients, RMS values of the fluctuating wind loads, and peak factor in the form of matrices. By comparing the expressions of LRC method, it was found that the classical expression was only one form of the general one. The general expression which introduces the response-response correlation coefficients provided more options for structural engineers to estimate ESWLs and offered further insights into the LRC method. Finally, a cable-stayed bridge, a rigid three span continuous girder bridge, and a suspension bridge were used to verify the correctness of the general expression of LRC method.

关键词： bridges equivalent static wind load load-response correlation method background response general expression load-response correlation coefficient response-response correlation coefficient

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桥梁工程：科学、技术和工程

土木工程学报 2019年第8期52卷 1-5页

作者：葛耀君同济大学

桥梁工程学科包括科学研究、技术发开和工程建造。桥梁科学研究的最高目标是科学发现,发现客观存在的规律和问题必须站在前沿,近3年研判出的5项研究前沿和五项开发前沿值得思考;桥梁技术开发的最高目标是技术创新,创新主观需要的工具或... 详细信息

桥梁工程学科包括科学研究、技术发开和工程建造。桥梁科学研究的最高目标是科学发现,发现客观存在的规律和问题必须站在前沿,近3年研判出的5项研究前沿和五项开发前沿值得思考;桥梁技术开发的最高目标是技术创新,创新主观需要的工具或方法,必须旨在增值,二次大战后60年以3项桥梁核心技术为代表的60项创新技术发挥了重要作用;桥梁工程建造的最高目标是工程创造,创造客观没有的结构或构件,这必须存在需求,新世纪20项IABSE杰出结构奖造就了18项工程创造和17项技术创新。桥梁工程的未来必然朝着长寿命、特大跨、超深水、多灾害、全信息和可持续等方向发展。

关键词：桥梁工程科学发现技术创新工程创造

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基于修正湍流冻结假设桥梁断面旋涡脱落分析

同济大学学报（自然科学版） 2008年第10期36卷 1307-1313页

作者：张伟葛耀君同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点试验室上海200092 路易斯安那州立大学土木与环境工程系美国巴吞鲁日70803

结构所受气动力的规律性变化在流场中表现为规律的旋涡脱落现象,而结构尾流中的规律性脱落的旋涡无论是否可以直接被观察到,都可以采用快照正交特征分解方法加以识别.结合了快照正交特征分解方法和小涡分解方法,并通过引入冻结湍流假设... 详细信息

结构所受气动力的规律性变化在流场中表现为规律的旋涡脱落现象,而结构尾流中的规律性脱落的旋涡无论是否可以直接被观察到,都可以采用快照正交特征分解方法加以识别.结合了快照正交特征分解方法和小涡分解方法,并通过引入冻结湍流假设的部分假定,可以根据单个时刻的速度场数据获得结构旋涡规律性脱落的频率,并可根据相邻旋涡的距离获得结构的斯脱罗哈数.方柱绕流和某分离双箱桥梁断面尾迹流场的数值模拟验证结果表明,通过此方法计算得到斯脱罗哈数与采样升力系数幅值谱得到的斯脱罗哈数误差较小,因而此方法有较强的实用性.

关键词：桥梁断面修正湍流冻结假设快照正交特征分解旋涡脱落斯脱罗哈数

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方柱绕流粒子图像测速试验与数值模拟

同济大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第7期37卷 857-861,892页

作者：张伟葛耀君同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室上海200092 路易斯安那州立大学土木与环境工程系巴吞鲁日70803

采用粒子图像测速设备PIV(particle image velocimetry),进行了雷诺数为2.2×104的方柱绕流试验,与公认的采用LDV(laser doppler velocimetry)的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本风洞中PIV试验系统的有效性.在进一步的比选中,通过计算方柱的... 详细信息

采用粒子图像测速设备PIV(particle image velocimetry),进行了雷诺数为2.2×104的方柱绕流试验,与公认的采用LDV(laser doppler velocimetry)的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本风洞中PIV试验系统的有效性.在进一步的比选中,通过计算方柱的阻力系数和斯特劳哈尔数以及流场的速度剖面和湍动能剖面,比较了几种常用湍流时均模型的计算结果与试验结果的差别.结果表明,采用基于剪应力传输的湍动能—耗散率模型(k—ωSST),能够得到与试验吻合较好的计算结果.

关键词：方柱绕流雷诺时均湍流模型粒子图像测速技术(PIV) 阻力系数斯特劳哈尔数湍动能