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AI for Science:智能化科学设施变革基础研究

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中国科学院院刊 2024年第1期39卷 59-69页

作者：杨小康许岩岩陈露王韫博高岳田济东俞凯金耀辉梅宏上海交通大学人工智能研究院上海200240 上海交通大学计算机科学与工程系上海200240 北京大学信息科学技术学院北京100871

近年来,人工智能(AI)在前沿科技领域取得了诸如AlphaFold2、核聚变智能控制、新冠药物设计等诸多令人瞩目成果,表明AI for Science正在成为一种新的研究范式。实现智能时代的基础科学源头创新及其下游重大技术创新,需破解2个方面的核心... 详细信息

近年来,人工智能(AI)在前沿科技领域取得了诸如AlphaFold2、核聚变智能控制、新冠药物设计等诸多令人瞩目成果,表明AI for Science正在成为一种新的研究范式。实现智能时代的基础科学源头创新及其下游重大技术创新,需破解2个方面的核心问题:(1)如何利用新一代AI(特别是生成式AI及大模型)的通用性和创造性推动新范式的形成;(2)如何利用AI实现对传统科学设施的赋能与改造。文章提出一种智能化科学设施的建设构想,兼顾“高度智能化的科学新设施”和“AI赋能已有科学大设施”2个层面的需求,构筑AI for Science的科学设施体系,形成科学领域大模型、生成式模拟与反演、自主智能无人实验及大规模可信科研协作等创新功能,加速重大科学发现、变革性物质合成,以及重大工程技术应用。

关键词：人工智能驱动科学研究生成式人工智能语言大模型科学设施

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Influence of band microstructure on carbide precipitation behavior and toughness of 1 GPa-grade ultra-heavy gauge low-alloy steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第7期30卷 1329-1337页

作者： Peng Han Zhipeng Liu Zhenjia Xie Hua Wang yaohui jin Xuelin Wang Chengjia Shang Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan 114000China Yangjiang Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology(Yangjiang Advanced Alloys Laboratory)Yangjiang 529500China

This study investigated the influence of band microstructure induced by centerline segregation on carbide precipitation behavior and toughness in an 80 mm-thick 1 GPa low-carbon low-alloy steel *** quarter-thickness(1/4t)and half-thickness(1/2t)regions of the plate exhibited similar ductility and toughness after *** tempering,the 1/4t region exhibited~50%and~25%enhancements in both the total elongation and low-temperature toughness at-40°C,respectively,without a decrease in yield strength,whereas the toughness of the 1/2t region decreased by~46%.After quenching,both the 1/4t and 1/2t regions exhibited lower bainite and lath martensite concentrations,but only the 1/2t region exhibited microstructure ***,the tempered 1/4t region featured uniformly dispersed short rod-like M_(23)C_(6)carbides,and spherical MC precipitates with diameters of~20–100 nm and<20 nm,*** uniformly dispersed nanosized M_(23)C_(6)carbides and MC precipitates contributed to the balance of high strength and high *** band microstructure of the tempered 1/2t region featured a high density of large needle-like M3C *** length and width of the large M3C carbides were~200–500 nm and~20–50 nm,*** analysis revealed that the high density of large carbides led to delamination cleavage fracture,which significantly deteriorated toughness.

关键词： band microstructure carbides toughness heavy gauge steel centerline segregation

开冷温度对420MPa级海洋工程用钢延伸性能的影响

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轧钢 2024年第3期41卷 21-28页

作者：李家安赵坦李文斌李俊博金耀辉朱隆浩海洋装备用金属材料及其应用国家重点实验室辽宁鞍山114009 鞍钢股份有限公司辽宁鞍山114009

针对工业生产的420 MPa级海洋工程用钢进行了研究。采用轧后弛豫相变技术对实验钢板微观组织进行控制,得到3种不同铁素体与贝氏体(F/B)比例的双相组织钢板。借助改进的C-J分析方法和应变硬化曲线,分析了硬质相贝氏体比例和软质相铁素体... 详细信息

针对工业生产的420 MPa级海洋工程用钢进行了研究。采用轧后弛豫相变技术对实验钢板微观组织进行控制,得到3种不同铁素体与贝氏体(F/B)比例的双相组织钢板。借助改进的C-J分析方法和应变硬化曲线,分析了硬质相贝氏体比例和软质相铁素体晶粒尺寸对钢板变形过程中加工硬化行为的影响,并通过EBSD技术验证了双相组织在不同变形阶段的协调变形行为。同时,还分析了两相区弛豫过程中碳扩散对双相组织形貌的影响。结果表明:对于EH420实验钢板,控轧后弛豫开冷温度在650~750℃范围内,贝氏体比例随开冷温度的降低而增加且贝氏体弥散分布程度降低;铁素体平均晶粒尺寸随开冷温度的降低而增大且铁素体出现局部混晶现象,其原因是开冷温度越低则钢板在Ar1到Ar3温度区间停留时间越长,先共析铁素体中碳原子向奥氏体的扩散进行得越充分,导致奥氏体碳富集区域面积增加,快速冷却后转变的贝氏体比例增加、弥散分布程度降低,同时铁素体局部晶粒粗化。钢板拉伸过程的塑性变形主要贡献自铁素体,铁素体比例越高、铁素体平均晶粒尺寸越小,钢板的应力指数mⅡ越低,且mⅡ阶段持续过程更长,出现颈缩时的应变值越大,钢板的延伸性能也越好。因此,提高铁素体比例、铁素体晶粒尺寸均匀性和贝氏体的弥散分布程度是提高EH420钢板延伸性能的主要途径。

关键词：海洋工程用钢延伸性能驰豫控制相变技术铁素体/贝氏体双相钢改进C-J分析方法协调变形

Machine Learning Methods in Solving the Boolean Satisfiability Problem

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Machine Intelligence Research 2023年第5期20卷 640-655页

作者： Wenxuan Guo Hui-Ling Zhen Xijun Li Wanqian Luo Mingxuan Yuan yaohui jin Junchi Yan MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Noah′s Ark Laboratory Huawei Ltd.Shenzhen 518129China

This paper reviews the recent literature on solving the Boolean satisfiability problem(SAT),an archetypal N P-complete problem,with the aid of machine learning(ML)*** the last decade,the machine learning society advances rapidly and surpasses human performance on several *** trend also inspires a number of works that apply machine learning methods for SAT *** this survey,we examine the evolving ML SAT solvers from naive classifiers with handcrafted features to emerging end-to-end SAT solvers,as well as recent progress on combinations of existing conflict-driven clause learning(CDCL)and local search solvers with machine learning ***,solving SAT with machine learning is a promising yet challenging research *** conclude the limitations of current works and suggest possible future *** collected paper list is available at https://***/ThinklabSJTU/***:Machine learning(ML),Boolean satisfiability(SAT),deep learning,graph neural networks(GNNs),combinatorial optimization.

关键词： Machine learning(ML) Boolean satisfiability(SAT) deep learning graph neural networks(GNNs) combinatorial optimization

Eco-friendly fractionation of natural straws:sustainable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence and super anti-ultraviolet materials

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2373-2381页

作者： Zhenghao Xia jingxuan You Haojie An Yirong Wang jinming Zhang Chunchun Yin yaohui Cheng Kunfeng jin Jun Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China HongDa Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100176China Key National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

We demonstrate a new green solvent consisting of ionic liquid and polyol to achieve a selective fractionation of lignin from *** lignin from corn straw is rich in syringyl unit and phenolic hydroxyl group,resulting in excellent room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)performance,antioxidation property and long-term *** film,fiber,aerogel and coatings with an ultralong RTP lifetime of 0.654 s are *** lignin from corn straw completely blocks UV light of290–400 nm at an extremely low usage due to many p-coumarate *** the content is as low as 1.54 mg/g,which is two orders of magnitude lower than the previous reports,the corresponding sunscreen cream has a super-high sun protection factor(SPF)of *** importantly,the lignin self-assembles into nanospheres of 250–350 nm,preventing penetration into the *** easily-available,abundant,low-cost,safe and natural lignin provides an innovative avenue for sustainable optical function materials.

关键词： lignin phosphorescence anti-ultraviolet biomass ionic liquids

Digitalizing river aquatic ecosystems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 677-680页

作者： yaohui Bai Hui Lin Chenchen Wang Qiaojuan Wang Jiuhui Qu Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Tianjin Chengjian UniversityTianjin 300384China Center for Water and Ecology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Traditional river health assessment relies on limited water quality indices and representative organism activity,but does not comprehensively obtain biotic and abiotic information of the ***,we propose a new approach to evaluate the ecological and health risks of river aquatic ***,detailed physicochemical and biological characterization of a river ecosystem can be obtained through pollutant determination(especially emerging pollutants)and DNA/RNA ***,supervised machine learning can be applied to perform classification analysis of characterization data and ascertain river ecosystem ecology and *** proposed methodology transforms river ecosystem health assessment and can be applied in river management.

关键词： Digitalizing River ecosystem health Emerging pollutants High throughput sequencing Machine learning

A vision system based on CNN-LSTM for robotic citrus sorting Author links open overlay panel

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 14-25页

作者： Yonghua Yu Xiaosong An Jiahao Lin Shanjun Li yaohui Chen College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation Wuhan 430070China Citrus Mechanization Research Base Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

Compared with manual sorting of citrus fruit,vision-based sorting solutions can help achieve higher accuracy and *** this study,we present a vision system based on CNN-LSTM,which can cooperate with robotic grippers for real-time sorting and is readily applicable to various citrus processing plants.A CNN-based detector was adopted to detect the defective oranges in view and temporarily classify them into corresponding types,and an LSTM-based predictor was used to predict the position of the oranges in a future frame based on image sequential *** fusion of CNN and LSTM networks enabled the system to track defective ones during rotation and identify their true types,and their future path was also predicted which is vital for predictive control of visually guided robotic *** detection accuracy of 94.1%was obtained based on experimental results,and the error for path prediction was within 4.33 pixels 40 frames *** average time to process a frame was between 28 and 62 frames per second,which also satisfied real-time *** results proved the potential of the proposed system for automated citrus sorting with good precision and efficiency,and it can be readily extended to other fruit crops featuring high versatility.

关键词： Deep learning Long short-term memory Vision system Online citrus sorting Path prediction

Interconnection of WDM self-healing rings

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Interconnection of WDM self-healing rings

Surrounding rock pressure in the tunnel portal section through moraine under freeze-thaw action

1998 International Conference on Communication Technology

作者： CHENG Yang ZENG Qingji jin yaohui Broadband Optical Networking Technology R＆D Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University

ISBN: (纸本)7800908275

＜正＞This paper discusses the interconnection architectures for WDM SHR’*** describe here a new kind of OXC suitable to interconnect SHR’s,which has been used in our all-optical network testbed "SHAONET".Base on it,we propose a new architecture to interconnect WDM SHR’s,that is to interconnect SHR’s in cascading configuration *** with other architectures,the limited number of rings that can be interconnected caused by optical amplifiers in cascade,and wavelength assignment algorithm for this interconnecting form are discussed.

关键词： wavelength division multiplexing self-healing ring optical add/drop multiplexer optical cross-connect wavelength routing

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2480-2493页

作者： CHEN Zhimin LIU Baoli LIU yaohui XU Jiangtao School of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China CSCEC AECOM Consultants Co. ltdLanzhou 730000China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Road and Bridge Engineering Disaster Prevention Technology Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Moraines,characterized by the accumulation of rock and soil debris transported by glacial activity,present unique challenges for tunnel construction,particularly in portal sections,due to prevailing geographical and climatic conditions that facilitate freeze-thaw *** these challenges,there is a dearth of studies investigating the influence of freeze-thaw action and water content on the mechanical properties of moraines,and no research on calculating surrounding rock pressure in moraine tunnels subjected to freeze-thaw *** this study,direct shear tests under freeze-thaw cycles were conducted to examine the effects of freeze-thaw cycles and water content on the mechanical properties of frozen moraine.A comprehensive parameter K,integrating the number of freeze-thaws and water content,was introduced to model cohesion *** on Terzaghi Theory,we propose an improved algorithm for calculating surrounding rock pressure at the portal section of moraine *** a tunnel as a case study,surrounding rock pressure was calculated under various conditions to validate the Improved Algorithm's *** results show that:(1)Strength loss exhibits a linear trend with the number of freeze-thaw cycles at water content levels of 4%and 8%,while at 12%water content,previous freeze-thaw cycles induce more significant damage to the soil.(2)Moraine saturation peaks between 8%and 12%water *** repeated freeze-thaw cycles,moraine shear strength initially increases before decreasing with varying water content.(3)The internal friction angle of moraine experiences slight reductions with prolonged freeze-thaw cycles,but both freeze-thaw cycles and water content significantly influence cohesion.(4)Vertical surrounding rock pressure increases after the initial freeze-thaw cycle,particularly with higher water content,although freeze-thaw cycles have minimal effect on it.(5)Freeze-thaw cycles lead to a substantial increase in lateral surrounding rock pre

关键词： Moraines Freeze-thaw cycles Direct shear test Surrounding rock pressure