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Antecedent snowmelt and orographic precipitation contributions to water supply of Pakistan disastrous floods,2022

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 419-430页

作者： Yan WANG Peng CUI Chen-Di ZHANG Guo-Tao ZHANG Jian-Sheng HAO Xu YUAN yao-zhi jiang Lu WANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Polar and Marine Research Institute College of Harbor and Coastal EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamen 361021China School of Resources and Environment University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Hebei Province Tangshan Caofeidian Meteorological Bureau Tangshan 063000China

In 2022,the Pakistan witnessed the hottest spring and wettest summer in *** devastating floods inundated a large portion of Pakistan and caused enormous ***,the primary water source and its contributions to these unprecedented floods remain *** on the reservoir inflow measurements,Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP),the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis(ERA5)products,this study quantified the contributions of monsoon precipitation,antecedent snow-melts,and orographic precipitation enhancement to floods in *** found that the Indus experienced at least four inflow up-rushes,which was mainly supplied by precipitation and snowmelt;In upper Indus,abnormally high temperature continued to influence the whole summer and lead to large amounts of snowmelts which not only was a key water supply to the flood but also provided favorable soil moisture conditions for the latter *** July,the snowmelt has higher contributions than the precipitation to the streamflow of Indus River,with contribution value of more than 60%.Moreover,the snowmelt could still supply 20%-40%water to the lower Indus in July and August;The leading driver of 2022 mega-floods over the southern Pakistan in July and August was dominated by the precipitation,where terrain disturbance induced precipitation account to approximately 33%over the southern *** results help to understand the mechanisms of flood formation,and to better predict future flood risks over complex terrain regions.

关键词： Extreme heavy rainfall Snowmelt Orographic precipitation Floods Pakistan

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Why was Pakistan extreme precipitation stronger in 2022 than in 2010?

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 913-920页

作者： Xu YUAN Kun YANG Jing SUN Yan WANG Yan-Yi HE Mi-Jun ZOU yao-zhi jiang Polar and Marine Research Institute College of Harbor and Coastal EngineeringJimei UniversityXiamen 361021China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Tibetan Plateau Data Center State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResource and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institue of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China School of Environmental and Geographical Science Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Yangtze River Delta National Observatory of Wetland Ecosystem Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

In Pakistan,five continuous extreme precipitation events in the summer(July-August)of 2022 caused disastrous floods,depriving thousands of people's lives and ruining millions of *** tremendous disaster in Pakistan also happened in 2010 but with three concentrated extreme precipitation events in the middle of *** amount of Pakistan heavy daily precipitation in 2022 surpasses that in 2010 record,making it the strongest precipitation event ever *** comprehensively understand the causes of extreme precipitation in Pakistan,this study investigated the anomalies in atmospheric circulation and moisture contribution of 2010/2022 extreme precipitation and compared their *** results show that an atmospheric blocking over northern Europe in both 2022 and 2010 enhanced convection in Pakistan by transporting cold-dry air from the high-latitude region and benefiting warm-wet monsoonal air marching to *** employing a moisture track model,the main moisture sources for summer precipitation in Pakistan were *** is found that moisture contributions except from Eurasia were enhanced,causing extreme *** particular,enhanced moisture contribution from the southern Indian Ocean and the northern Indian continent in 2022 are more prominent than that in *** increased moisture contribution in 2010 was due to increased evaporation induced by warming sea surface in the Indian Ocean,while much richer moisture transport in 2022 was attributed to the enhanced cross-equatorial flow induced by the anomalous subtropical high in the Southern ***,attention should be paid to the role of subtropical high in the Southern Hemisphere in addition to those in Northern Hemisphere in understanding disastrous extreme precipitation events inPakistan.

关键词： Extreme precipitation Moisture transport Moisture sources Pakistan

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Reinforcement learning based adaptive control for uncertain mechanical systems with asymptotic tracking

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 19-28页

作者： Xiang-long Liang zhi-kai yao yao-wen Ge Jian-yong yao School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China College of Automation&College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Post and TelecommunicationNanjing210023China

This paper mainly focuses on the development of a learning-based controller for a class of uncertain mechanical systems modeled by the Euler-Lagrange *** considered system can depict the behavior of a large class of engineering systems,such as vehicular systems,robot manipulators and *** these systems are often characterized by highly nonlinear characteristics,heavy modeling uncertainties and unknown perturbations,therefore,accurate-model-based nonlinear control approaches become *** by the challenge,a reinforcement learning(RL)adaptive control methodology based on the actor-critic framework is investigated to compensate the uncertain mechanical *** approximation inaccuracies caused by RL and the exogenous unknown disturbances are circumvented via a continuous robust integral of the sign of the error(RISE)control *** from a classical RISE control law,a tanh(·)function is utilized instead of a sign(·)function to acquire a more smooth control *** developed controller requires very little prior knowledge of the dynamic model,is robust to unknown dynamics and exogenous disturbances,and can achieve asymptotic output ***,co-simulations through ADAMS and MATLAB/Simulink on a three degrees-of-freedom(3-DOF)manipulator and experiments on a real-time electromechanical servo system are performed to verify the performance of the proposed approach.

关键词： Adaptive control Reinforcement learning Uncertain mechanical systems Asymptotic tracking

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Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease in Adults:a Cross-sectional Study Based on the NHANES

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 494-502页

作者： jiang-hui LI Xue-yao MA Yun YI Lu-rao LI zhi-yong XU Ying CHANG Department of Gastroenterology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases Wuhan430071China Endoscopy Center The People’s Hospital of YingshanHuanggang438799China

Objective Ferritin,initially acting as an iron-storage protein,was found to be associated with metabolic *** study was designed to investigate the association between serum ferritin and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)of the United State of *** A cross-sectional study was conducted,enrolling a total of 2145 participants from the NHANES in the 2017–2018 *** steatosis and liver fibrosis were assessed by ultrasound images and several non-invasive *** regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between serum ferritin concentration and MAFLD and liver *** The analysis revealed that participants with higher serum ferritin levels(Q3 and Q4 groups)had a higher prevalence of MAFLD than those with the lowest serum ferritin levels[Q3 vs.Q1:OR=2.17(1.33,3.53),P<0.05 in fatty liver index(FLI);Q4 vs.Q1:OR=3.13(1.91,5.13),P<0.05 in FLI].Additionally,participants with the highest serum ferritin levels(Q4 group)displayed a higher prevalence of liver fibrosis[Q4 vs.Q1:OR=2.59(1.19,5.62),P<0.05 in liver stiffness measurement;OR=5.06(1.12,22.94),P<0.05 in fibrosis-4 index],with significantly increased risk observed in participants with concomitant diabetes[OR=7.45(1.55,35.72),P=0.012].Conclusion Our study revealed that elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in *** serum ferritin levels combined with diabetes are important risk factors for liver fibrosis.

关键词： serum ferritin liver fibrosis metabolic-associated fatty liver disease National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of immune-related nephropathy:A review

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 38-66页

作者： Pu jiang Changliang yao De-an Guo School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization TechnologyShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China

Immune-related nephropathy(IRN)refers to immune-response-mediated glomerulonephritis and is the main cause of end-stage renal *** pathogenesis of IRN is not fully understood;therefore,treatment is *** Chinese medicines(TCMs)have potent clinical effects in the treatment of the IRN conditions immunoglobulin A nephropathy,lupus nephropathy,and diabetic *** underlying mechanisms mainly include its inhibition of inflammation;improvements to renal interstitial fibrosis,oxidative stress,autophagy,apoptosis;and regulation of *** this review,we summarize the clinical symptoms of the three IRN subtypes and the use of TCM prescriptions,herbs,and bioactive compounds in treating IRN,as well as the potential mechanisms,intending to provide a reference for the future study of TCM as IRN treatments.

关键词： IgA nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy Lupus nephritis Traditional Chinese medicine Immunity Pathogenesis Mechanism Pathophysiology

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Crack elimination and strength enhancement mechanisms of selective laser melted Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第8期34卷 2431-2441页

作者： jiang YU yao-xiang GENG Hong-bo JU zhi-jie ZHANG Jun-hua XU School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China Department of Mechanical Engineering CEMMPRE-Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and ProcessesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

In order to increase the processability and process window of the selective laser melting(SLM)-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy,a novel Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy was *** effect of Si alloying on the surface quality,processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated alloy was *** results showed that introducing Si into the Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy prevented balling and keyhole formation,refined the grain size,and reduced the solidification temperature,which eliminated cracks and increased the processability and process window of the *** maximum relative density of the SLM-fabricated Si/Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy reached 99.6%.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy were(371±7)MPa and(518±6)MPa,*** values were higher than those of the SLM-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr and other Sc-free Al−Mg-based alloys.

关键词： selective laser melting Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr−Si alloy surface roughness processability mechanical properties

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Deciphering a Million-Plus RSA Integer with Ultralow Local Field Coefficient h and Coupling Coefficient J of the Ising Model by D-Wave 2000Q

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 874-882页

作者： Chao Wang Qiaoyun Hu Haonan yao Sumin Wang zhi Pei Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

This work is the first to determine that a real quantum computer(including generalized and specialized)can decipher million-scale RSA relying solely on quantum algorithms,showing the real attack potential of D-Wave *** influence of different column widths on RSA factorization results is studied on the basis of a multiplication table,and the optimal column method is determined by traversal *** traversal experiment of integer factorization within 10000 shows that the local field and coupling coefficients are 75%–93%lower than the research of Shanghai University in 2020 and more than 85%lower than that of Purdue University in *** low Ising model parameters are crucial to reducing the hardware requirements,prompting factoring 1245407 on the D-Wave 2000Q real machine.D-Wave advantage already has more than 5000 qubits and will be expanded to 7000 qubits during 2023–2024,with remarkable improvements in decoherence and *** machine is expected to promote the solution of large-scale combinatorial optimization *** of the contributions of this paper is the discussion of the long-term impact of D-Wave on the development of post-quantum cryptography standards.

关键词： quantum annealing RSA D-Wave 2000Q post-quantum cryptography

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Role of gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis:Insights from fecal microbiota transplantation in mouse model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3689-3704页

作者： Qiang Wu Lian-Wen Yuan Li-Chao Yang Ya-Wei Zhang Heng-Chang yao Liang-Xin Peng Bao-Jia yao zhi-Xian jiang Geriatric Surgery of Department of General Surgery The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease,particularly Crohn’s disease(CD),has been associated with alterations in mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT)and the phenomenon termed“creeping fat”.Histopathological evaluations showed that MAT and intestinal tissues were significantly altered in patients with CD,with these tissues characterized by inflammation and *** To evaluate the complex interplay among MAT,creeping fat,inflammation,and gut microbiota in *** Intestinal tissue and MAT were collected from 12 patients with *** manifestations and protein expression levels were analyzed to determine lesion *** samples were collected from five recently treated CD patients and five control subjects and transplanted into *** intestinal and mesenteric lesions in these mice,as well as their systemic inflammatory status,were assessed and compared in mice transplanted with fecal samples from CD patients and control *** Pathological examination of MAT showed significant differences between CDaffected and unaffected colons,including significant differences in gut microbiota *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)from clinically healthy donors into mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced CD ameliorated CD symptoms,whereas FMT from CD patients into these mice exacerbated CD ***,FMT influenced intestinal permeability,barrier function,and levels of proinflammatory factors and ***,FMT from CD patients intensified fibrotic changes in the colon tissues of mice with TNBS-induced *** Gut microbiota play a critical role in the histopathology of *** MAT and creeping fat may therefore have potential in the treatment of patients with CD.

关键词： Mesenteric adipose tissue Crohn’s disease Fecal microbiota transplantation Intestinal fibrosis Intestinal barrier

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Growth of Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites on nickel foam to enhance photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde under visible light

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 432-442页

作者： Ze Wang zhi Huang jiang Yu Xiao Shao Weidong Peng Jie Yu Yinying jiang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Agriculture and Environment University of Western AustraliaPerth 6907Western AustraliaAustralia Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology Sichuan UniversityYibin 644000China

Formaldehyde is a pollutant that significantly affects the indoor air ***,conventional remediation approaches can be challenging to deal with low-concentration formaldehyde in an indoor *** this study,Photocatalysts of Ag/graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))/Ni with 3D reticulated coral structure were prepared by thermal polymerization and liquid phase photo-deposition,using nickel foam(NF)as the *** demonstrated that when the Ag concentration was 3%,and the relative humidity was 60%,the Ni/Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)showed the maximum degradation rate of formaldehyde at 90.19%under visible light irradiation,and the formaldehyde concentration after degradation was lower than the Hygienic standard stated by the Chinese *** porous structure of Ni/Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)and the formation of Schottky junctions promoted the Adsorption efficiency and degradation of formaldehyde,while the nickel foam carrier effectively promoted the desorption of degradation ***,the degradation rate was only reduced by3.4%after 16 recycles,the three-dimensional porous structure extended the lifetime of the *** study provides a new strategy for the degradation of indoor formaldehyde at low concentrations.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) Nickel foam(NF) Ag Formaldehyde Photocatalysis

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A seven-crystal spectrometer for high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES 2024年第9期35卷 1-10页

作者： Mei, Bing-Bao Wang, Liang-Xin Gu, Song-Qi Su, Xiao-zhi Zhang, Shuo Wei, yao Ma, Jing-Yuan jiang, Zheng Song, Fei Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Adv Res Inst Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Appl Phys Shanghai 201204 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

A Johann-type X-ray spectrometer was successfully developed at the hard X-ray branch (in-vacuum undulator with a 24-mm periodic length) of the energy material beamline (E-line) at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). This spectrometer was utilized to implement X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Seven spherically bent crystals were positioned on the respective vertical 500-mm-diameter Rowland circles, adopting an area detector to increase the solid angle to 1.75%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\%$$\end{document} of 4 pi\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\pi$$\end{document} sr, facilitating the study of low-concentrate systems under complex reaction conditions. Operated under the atmosphere pressure, the spectrometer covers the energy region from 3.5 to 18 keV, with the Bragg angle ranging from 73 degrees\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\circ }$$\end{document} to 86 degrees\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\circ }$$\end{document} during vertical scanning. It offers a promised energy resolution of sub-eV (XES) and super-eV (HERFD-XAS). Generally, th

关键词： X-ray emission spectroscopy High-energy-resolution X-ray spectrometer Johann geometry Energy materials SSRF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION PHTHALOCYANINE BEAMLINE XANES XAFS MN FE

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