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Improved observation of colonized roots reveals the regulation of arbuscule development and senescence by drought stress in the arbuscular mycorrhizae of citrus

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 425-436页

作者： Xilong Yin Wei Zhang Zengwei feng Guangda feng Honghui Zhu Qing yao College of Horticulture South China Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(South China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationKey Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiomicsState Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center(GDMCC)Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510070China

Citrus is the typical mycorrhizal fruit tree species establishing symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, arbuscule development and senescence in colonized citrus roots, especially in response to drought stress, remain unclear, which is mainly due to the difficulty in clearing and staining lignified roots with the conventional method. Here, we improved the observation of colonized roots of citrus plants with the sectioning method, which enabled the clear observation of AM fungal structures. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of one week of drought stress on arbuscule development and senescence with the sectioning method. Microscopy observations indicated that drought stress significantly decreased mycorrhizal colonization (F%and M%) although it did not affect plant growth performance. Fluorescence probes (WGA 488 and/or Nile red) revealed that drought stress inhibited arbuscule development by increasing the percentage of arbuscules at the early stage and decreasing the percentages of arbuscules at the midterm and mature stages. Meanwhile, drought stress accelerated arbuscule senescence, which was characterized by the increased accumulation of neutral lipids. Overall, the sectioning method developed in this study enables the in-depth investigation of arbuscule status, and drought stress can inhibit arbuscule development but accelerate arbuscule senescence in the colonized roots of citrus plants. This study paves the way to elaborately dissecting the arbuscule dynamics in the roots of fruit tree species in response to diverse abiotic stresses.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizae Citrus Drought stress Arbuscule development Arbuscule senescence Fruit tree species

Multi-functional and multi-scenario applications for MXene aerogels with synergistically enhanced asymmetric modules

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3359-3368页

作者： Junru yao Jintang Zhou feng Yang Guiyu Peng Yijie Liu Zhengjun yao Fan Wu Haibo Zeng College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211100China Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing 211100China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

The development of multifunctional materials and synergistic applications of various functions are important conditions for integrated and miniaturized equipment.Here,we developed asymmetric MXene/aramid nanofibers/polyimides(AMAP)aerogels with different modules using an integrated molding process.Cleverly asymmetric modules(layered MXene/aramid nanofibers section and porous MXene/aramid nanofibers/polyimides section)interactions are beneficial for enhanced performances,resulting in low reflection electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding(specific shielding effectiveness of 2483(dB·cm^(3))/g and a low R-value of 0.0138),high-efficiency infrared radiation(IR)stealth(ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.045 W/(m·K)and IR emissivity of 0.32 at 3–5μm and 0.28 at 8–14μm),and excellent thermal management performances of insulated Joule heating.Furthermore,these multifunctional AMAP aerogels are suitable for various application scenarios such as personal and building protection against electromagnetic pollution and cold,as well as military equipment protection against infrared detection and EMI.

关键词： multifunctional material electromagnetic interference shielding low reflection infrared radiation stealth thermal insulation Joule heating

A symmetric substructuring method for analyzing the natural frequenciesof conical origami structures

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第3期14卷 203-210页

作者： Chenhao Lu yao Chen Weiying Fan Jian feng Pooya Sareh Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of Ministry of Education and National Prestress Engineering Research CenterSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Engineering University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693BXUnited Kingdom Creative Design Engineering Lab(Cdel) School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE17RUUnited Kingdom Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)Madrid 28012Spain

Conical origami structures are characterized by their substantial out-of-plane stiffness and energy-absorptioncapacity.Previous investigations have commonly focused on the static characteristics of these lightweight struc-tures.However,the efficient analysis of the natural vibrations of these structures is pivotal for designing conicalorigami structures with programmable stiffness and mass.In this paper,we propose a novel method to analyzethe natural vibrations of such structures by combining a symmetric substructuring method(SSM)and a gener-alized eigenvalue analysis.SSM exploits the inherent symmetry of the structure to decompose it into a finiteset of repetitive substructures.In doing so,we reduce the dimensions of matrices and improve computationalefficiency by adopting the stiffness and mass matrices of the substructures in the generalized eigenvalue analysis.Finite element simulations of pin-jointed models are used to validate the computational results of the proposedapproach.Moreover,the parametric analysis of the structures demonstrates the influences of the number of seg-ments along the circumference and the radius of the cone on the structural mass and natural frequencies of thestructures.Furthermore,we present a comparison between six-fold and four-fold conical origami structures anddiscuss the influence of various geometric parameters on their natural frequencies.This study provides a strategyfor efficiently analyzing the natural vibration of symmetric origami structures and has the potential to contributeto the efficient design and customization of origami metastructures with programmable stiffness.

关键词： Natural structural vibration Origami design Group theory Symmetric substructuring method(SSM) Generalized eigenvalue analysis

Primary biliary cholangitis presenting with granulomatous lung disease misdiagnosed as lung cancer:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 354-360页

作者： Shan-Li feng Jun-yao Li Chun-Ling Dong Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041Jilin ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND There are few cases of pulmonary granulomatous changes secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).No case of granulomatous lung disease secondary to PBC misdiagnosed as lung cancer had been reported.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged woman presented with lung nodules and was misdiagnosed with lung cancer by positron emission tomography/computed tomography.She underwent left lobectomy,and the pathology of the nodules showed granulomatous inflammation,which was then treated with antibiotics.However,a new nodule appeared.Further investigation with lung biopsy and liver serology led to the diagnosis of PBC,and chest computed tomography indicated significant reduction in the pulmonary nodule by treatment with methylprednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid.CONCLUSION Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules requires integrating various clinical data to avoid unnecessary pulmonary lobectomy.

关键词： Granulomatous lung diseases Primary biliary cirrhosis Differential diagnosis Misdiagnosis Lung cancer Case report

Estimation of the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity through 3D fracture networks using the directional geological entropy

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 137-148页

作者： Chuangbing Zhou Zuyang Ye Chi yao Xincheng Fan feng Xiong School of Infrastructure Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China b School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China School of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

With an extension of the geological entropy concept in porous media,the approach called directional entrogram is applied to link hydraulic behavior to the anisotropy of the 3D fracture networks.A metric called directional entropic scale is used to measure the anisotropy of spatial order in different directions.Compared with the traditional connectivity indexes based on the statistics of fracture geometry,the directional entropic scale is capable to quantify the anisotropy of connectivity and hydraulic conductivity in heterogeneous 3D fracture networks.According to the numerical analysis of directional entrogram and fluid flow in a number of the 3D fracture networks,the hydraulic conductivities and entropic scales in different directions both increase with spatial order(i.e.,trace length decreasing and spacing increasing)and are independent of the dip angle.As a result,the nonlinear correlation between the hydraulic conductivities and entropic scales from different directions can be unified as quadratic polynomial function,which can shed light on the anisotropic effect of spatial order and global entropy on the heterogeneous hydraulic behaviors.

关键词： 3D fracture network Geological entropy Directional entropic scale Anisotropy Hydraulic conductivity

Advances in mesenchymal stem cells therapy for tendinopathies

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第1期27卷 11-17页

作者： Xu-feng Mao Xi-Qian Zhang Zhe-Yu yao Hai-Jiao Mao Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo315010Zhejiang provinceChina

Tendinopathies are chronic diseases of an unknown etiology and associated with inflammation.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have emerged as a viable therapeutic option to combat the pathological progression of tendinopathies,not only because of their potential for multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal,but also their excellent immunomodulatory properties.The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are increasingly being recognized as playing a crucial role in the treatment of tendinopathies,with MSCs being pivotal in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the immune response,ultimately contributing to improved tissue repair.This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the application of MSCs in tendinopathy treatments through the modulation of the immune response.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Tendinopathy Immunomodulation Treatment Review

Synergetic Bioproduction of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Waste Activated Sludge Intensified by the Combined Use of Potassium Ferrate and Biosurfactants

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 695-709页

作者： CHEN Yanyan yao Shuo ZHANG Dahai LI Xianguo feng Lijuan College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

The synergetic effect and underlying mechanism of potassium ferrate(PF)with tea saponin(TS,a biosurfactant)in producing short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge(WAS)were explored in this work.Experimental results showed that 0.2 g PF(g TSS)^(-1)(total suspended solid)combined with 0.02 g TS(g TSS)^(-1) could further improve SCFAs’production,and the maximum SCFAs content reached 2008.7 mg COD L^(-1),which is 1.2 and 4.5 times higher than those with PF and TS individually added,respectively,and 5.3 times higher than that of blank WAS on Day 12.In the model substrates experiments,the degradation rates of bovine serum albumin and dextran with combination of PF and TS were 41.3%±0.1% and 48.5%±0.06%,respectively,on Day 3,which are lower than those in blank WAS(with degradation rates of 72.3%±0.5%and 90.3%±0.3%).It was revealed that the oxidative effect of PF and the solubilization of TS caused more organic matters to be dissolved out from WAS,providing a large number of biodegradable substances for subsequent SCFAs production.While WAS pretreated with the combination of PF and TS,the relative abundances of Firmicutes increased from 6.4%(blank)to 38.6%,and that of Proteobacteria decreased from 41.8%(blank)to 21.8%.The combination of PF and TS promoted the hydrolysis process of WAS by enriching Firmicutes,and then increased acetic acid production by inhibiting Proteobacteria that consumed SCFAs.Meanwhile,at the genus level,acidogenesis bacteria(e.g.,Proteiniclasticum and Petrimonas)were enriched whereas SCFAs consuming bacteria(e.g.,Dokdonella)were inhibited.

关键词： waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation potassium ferrate biosurfactant pretreatment

Pure quantum gradient descent algorithm and full quantum variational eigensolver

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 221-234页

作者： Ronghang Chen Zhou Guang Cong Guo Guanru feng Shi-yao Hou College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Center for Computational SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Shenzhen SpinQ Technology Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518045China DEEPROUTE.AI

Optimization problems are prevalent in various fields,and the gradient-based gradient descent algorithm is a widely adopted optimization method.However,in classical computing,computing the numerical gradient for a function with variables necessitates at least d+1 function evaluations,resulting in a computational complexity of O(d).As the number of variables increases,the classical gradient estimation methods require substantial resources,ultimately surpassing the capabilities of classical computers.Fortunately,leveraging the principles of superposition and entanglement in quantum mechanics,quantum computers can achieve genuine parallel computing,leading to exponential acceleration over classical algorithms in some cases.In this paper,we propose a novel quantum-based gradient calculation method that requires only a single oracle calculation to obtain the numerical gradient result for a multivariate function.The complexity of this algorithm is just O(1).Building upon this approach,we successfully implemented the quantum gradient descent algorithm and applied it to the variational quantum eigensolver(VQE),creating a pure quantum variational optimization algorithm.Compared with classical gradient-based optimization algorithm,this quantum optimization algorithm has remarkable complexity advantages,providing an efficient solution to optimization problems.The proposed quantum-based method shows promise in enhancing the performance of optimization algorithms,highlighting the potential of quantum computing in this field.

关键词： quantum algorithm gradient descent variational quantum algorithm

Exploring the Cation Regulation Mechanism for Interfacial Water Involved in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 303-312页

作者： Xueqiu You Dongao Zhang Xia‑Guang Zhang Xiangyu Li Jing‑Hua Tian yao‑Hui Wang Jian‑feng Li School of Ocean Information Engineering Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Oceanic Information Perception and Intelligent ProcessingJimei UniversityXiamen 361021People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and InstrumentationiChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollege of MaterialsCollege of EnergyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine ChemicalsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007People’s Republic of China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005People’s Republic of China

Interfacial water molecules are the most important participants in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Hence,understanding the behavior and role that interfacial water plays will ultimately reveal the HER mechanism.Unfortunately,investigating interfacial water is extremely challenging owing to the interference caused by bulk water molecules and complexity of the interfacial environment.Here,the behaviors of interfacial water in different cationic electrolytes on Pd surfaces were investigated by the electrochemistry,in situ core-shell nanostructure enhanced Raman spectroscopy and theoretical simulation techniques.Direct spectral evidence reveals a red shift in the frequency and a decrease in the intensity of interfacial water as the potential is shifted in the positively direction.When comparing the different cation electrolyte systems at a given potential,the frequency of the interfacial water peak increases in the specified order:Li+

关键词： In situ Raman Interfacial water Hydrogen evolution reaction Cations