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Bicarbonate use and carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms in photosynthetic organisms

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第5期40卷 846-853页

作者： yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081People’s Republic of China

Photosynthesis is crucial to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the *** key enzyme of photosynthesis,Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco),has two mutably competing substrates,CO2 and *** has features of carboxylase and *** performs the function of carboxylase to reduce inorganic carbon to form organic substances,which precondition is that more carbon dioxide accumulates around *** dioxide concentrating mechanisms(CCMs)are vital to cope with the limit of carbon *** bicarbonate use pathway has a differential contribution to inorganic carbon *** transport,extracellular bicarbonate dehydration,or H+-ATPase-driven bicarbonate uptake,which induced CCMs,can support a considerable share of photosynthesis in photosynthetic ***,CCMs in thylakoid membranes may be the most *** CCMs occurred in the plasma membrane were secondary,evolutionary,and inducible,while CCMs coupled with photosynthetic oxygen evolution in thylakoid membranes,were primitive,major,and indispensable.A hypothetical schematic model of CCMs occurred in the plasma membrane and thylakoid membranes being proposed.

关键词： Bicarbonate photolysis Inorganic carbon utilization Plasma membrane Photosynthesis Thylakoid membranes

Combined effect of bicarbonate and water in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and carbon neutrality

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第1期42卷 77-88页

作者： yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences550081 GuiyangPeople’s Republic of China

Carbon neutrality is widely concerned and highly valued by many *** has always maintained the balance between oxidized organic substances and assimilated organic matter,resulting in netzero carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions and maintaining its own carbon *** has set a good example for human beings to coordinate oxygen(O_(2)) balance and CO_(2)balance,and achieve carbon *** does photosynthetic oxygen evolution initiate carbon and water neutrality?My synthesis shows that photo system Ⅱ functions as carbonic anhydrase to catalyze the reaction of CO_(2)hydration under physiological conditions,and CO_(2)hydration coupled with chemical equilibrium,H^(+)+HCO_(3)^(-)→1/2O_(2)+2e^(-)+2H^(+)+CO_(2),occurs in a photosystem Ⅱ ***,I focused on the revisiting of four classical heavy oxygen(O^(18)) labeling experiments and found that bicarbonate can promote photo synthetic oxygen evolution,and that photo synthetic oxygen evolution can alternately come from bicarbonate and water,not only *** photolysis and water photolysis account for half of the photo synthetic oxygen evolution respectively,which can well explain the bicarbonate effect,Dole effect and plants’ environmental *** oxygen evolution initiated the journey of water metabolism and carbon metabolism in nature,which led to the coupling as 1:1(mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship between the reduction of CO_(2)and oxidation of organic carbon,coordinated the evolution of the atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere and biosphere,and realized "carbon neutrality" in the whole Earth system.

关键词： Bicarbonate photolysis Bicarbonate effect Carbonic anhydrase Dole effect Water photolysis Stoichiometric relationship Carbon metabolism

Effect of Zn deficiency and excessive bicarbonate on the allocation and exudation of organic acids in two Moraceae plants

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第1期37卷 125-133页

作者： Kuan Zhao yanyou wu School of Resources and Environment Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Modem Agricultural Equipment and Technology Chinese Ministry of Education Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 People's Republic of China

The effect of zinc(Zn) deficiency and excessive bicarbonate on the allocation and exudation of organic acids in plant organs(root, stem, and leaf) and root exudates of two Moraceae plants(Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba) were investigated. Two Moraceae plants were hydroponically grown and cultured in nutrient solution in four different treatments with 0.02 mM Zn or no Zn,combined with no or 10 mM bicarbonate. The variations of organic acids in different plant organs were similar to those of root exudates in the four treatments except B. papyrifera, which was in a treatment that was a combination of 0.02 mM Zn and no bicarbonate. The response characteristics in the production, translocation, and allocation of organic acids in the plant organs and root exudates varied with species and treatments. Organic acids in plant organs and root exudates increased under Zn-deficient conditions,excessive bicarbonate, or both. An increase of organic acids in the leaves resulted in an increase of root-exuded organic acids. B. papyrifera translocated more oxalate and citrate from the roots to the rhizosphere than M. alba under the dual influence of 10 mM bicarbonate and Zn deficiency. Organic acids of leaves may be derived from dark respiration and photorespiration. By comparison, organic acids in stems, roots, and root exudates may be derived from dark respiration and organic acid translocation from the leaves. These results provide evidence for the selective adaptation of plants to environments with low Zn levels or high bicarbonate levels such as a karst ecosystem.

关键词： Adaptation Excessive bicarbonate Organic acids Organs Root exudates Zn deficiency

The photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 174-179页

作者： yanyou wu Shaogang Guo State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical reaction on Earth. It has co-evolved and developed with the Earth, driving the biogeochemical cycle of all elements on the planet and serving as the only chemical process in nature that can convert light energy into chemical energy. Some heavy oxygen isotopic(^(18)O) labeling experiments have"conclusively" demonstrated that the oxygen released by photosynthesis comes only from water and are written into textbooks. However, it is not difficult to find that bicarbonate has never been excluded from the direct substrate of photosynthesis from beginning to end during the history of photosynthesis research. No convincing mechanism can be used to explain photosynthetic oxygen evolution solely from water photolysis. The bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the thermodynamic convenience of bicarbonate photolysis, the crystal structure characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ, and the reinterpretation of heavy oxygen isotopic labeling(^(18)O)experiments all indicate that the photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis. The recently proposed view that bicarbonate photolysis is the premise of water photolysis, bicarbonate photolysis and water photolysis work together with a 1:1(mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship, and the stoichiometric relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide released during photosynthetic oxygen evolution is also 1:1, has excellent applicability and objectivity, which can logically and reasonably explain the precise coordination between light and dark reactions during photosynthesis, the bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the Kok cycle and the neutrality of water and carbon in *** is of great significance for constructing the bionic artificial photosynthetic reactors and scientifically answering the question of the source of elemental stoichiometric relationships in nature.

关键词： Bicarbonate effect Dole effect Kok cycle Heavy oxygen isotope Artificial photosynthetic reactor

The distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological system of Mt. Beigu wetland

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2009年第1期28卷 55-60页

作者： wu yanyou Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

The Mt. Beigu wetland, which has undergone periodical changes in water level, lies by the Yangtze River, and its dominant plants are Phragmites communis, Phalaris arundinacea and Polygonum lapathifolium. In order to study the distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological system of the Mt. Beigu wetland, the authors measured the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Phragmites communis, Phalaris arundinacea and Polygonum lapathifolium, and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soils with different plant species. In addition the authors investigated the influence of various plants on the spatial and seasonal (spring/autumn) distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soil. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in Phalaris arundinacea are significantly higher than those of the other two plant species in the same part. Secondary pollution of phosphorus in the wetland results mainly from Phalaris arundinacea. Phragmites communis effectively carries away nitrogen and phosphorus in the wetland soil in the wet season. The capacity of Polygonum lapathifolium to remove nitrogen is lowest among the 3 species of plants. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for the selection of plant species to restore the ecological environment and for the selection of time and depth for purging silt on the riverside wetland.

关键词：植物群落演替过程竞争特性生物理地球化学

The δ^15N response and nitrate assimilation of Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica napus plantlets in vitro during the multiplication stage cultured under different nitrate concentrations

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第2期36卷 190-197页

作者： Kaiyan Zhang yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550081 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Natural nitrogen isotope composition(δ^(15)N) is an indicator of nitrogen sources and is useful in the investigation of nitrogen cycling in organisms and ecosystems. δ^(15)N is also used to study assimilation of inorganic nitrogen. However, the foliar δ^(15)N of intact plants, which is a consequence of nitrate assimilation occurring in the roots and shoots, is not suited for studying nitrate assimilation in cases where nitrate is the sole nitrogen source. In this study, Orychophragmus violaceus(Ov) and Brassica napus(Bn) plantlets, in which nitrate assimilation occurred in the leaves, were used to study the relationship between foliar δ^(15)N and nitrate *** plantlets were grown in vitro in culture media with different nitrate concentrations, and no root formation occurred for the plantlets during the multiplication *** isotope fractionation occurred in both the Ov and the Bn plantlets under all treatments. Furthermore, the foliar nitrogen content of both the Ov and Bn plantlets increased with increasing nitrate concentration. Foliar nitrogen isotope fractionation was negatively correlated with foliar nitrogen content for both the Ov and Bn plantlets. Our results suggest that the foliar nitrogen isotope fractionation value could be employed to evaluate nitrate assimilation ability and leaf nitrate reductase ***, high external nitrate concentrations couldcontribute to improved foliar nitrogen content and enhanced nitrate assimilation ability.

关键词： δ^15N Nitrate assimilation Nitrogen isotopefractionation Nitrogen content Nitrate reductase activity

Effects of low nutrition on photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of total N and P in three climber plant species

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第1期34卷 115-122页

作者： Deke Xing yanyou wu Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of Education & Jiangsu Province Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

To study the effects of low nutrition on pho tosynthetic capacity and accumulation of total nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in three climber plant species Pharbitis nil(Linn.) Choisy, Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Parthenocissus tricuspidata(*** Zucc.) Planch, al climber plants were exposed to low nutrition at 6 levels(Hoagland solution as control, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32 strength Hoagland solution) for 30 days. Photosynthetic capacity was determined by measuring leaf chlorophyl fluorescence, chlorophyll content, carbonic anhydrases activity and growth. Accumulation of total N and P was studied by measuring N and P content in plant tissues. Low nutrition decreased the photosynthetic capacity of P. nil while L. japonica maintained high photosynthetic capacity under low nutrition. Photosynthetic apparatus of P. tricu spidata suffered no damage when exposed to low nutrition L. japonica and P. tricuspidata had better adaptability to low nutrition than P. nil. With a faster growth rate, P. ni consumed more nutrition(N and P), and its growth was mainly affected by P deficiency under low nutrition Although L. japonica suffered damage from N and P deficiency simultaneously, but the nutrient deficiency was not serious except for 1/32-strength Hoagland solution P. tricuspidata grew slowly, so its requirement of N and Pwere the least, even if it was mainly affected by the P deficiency, it could still grow well under low *** the consideration of fertilizing N and P fertilizers in karst areas which were with lower N and P contents, plant species, N/P ratio threshold and low nutrition level should be taken into account synchronously. This study could provide a general consideration for the planning and developing low nutrition resistant plants and fertilizing the three climber plant species in the low nutrition environment.

关键词：光合能力植物物种营养液总氮登山积累叶绿素荧光叶绿素含量

Quantification of photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilisation via a bidirectional stable carbon isotope tracer

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第2期35卷 130-147页

作者： Hongtao Hang yanyou wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The amount of bicarbonate utilised by plants is usually ignored because of limited measurement methods. Accordingly, this study quantified the photosynthetic assimilation of inorganic carbon （COe and HCO3-） by plants. The net photosynthetic COa assimilation （PN）, the photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 and bicarbonate （PN＇）, the proportion of increased leaf area （lEA） and the stable carbon isotope composition （δ13C） of Orychophragmus violaceus （Ov） and Brassica juncea （B j） under three bicarbonate levels （5, 10 and 15 mm NaHCO3） were examined to determine the relationship among PN, PN＇ and fLA. PN＇, not PN, changed synchronously with fLA. Moreover, the proportions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate （including exogenous bicarbonate and dissolved CO2-generated bicarbonate） utilised by Ov were 2.27 % and 5.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 7.06 % and 13.28 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 8.55 % and 17.31% at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Meanwhile, the propor- tions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate uti- lised by Bj were 1.77 % and 3.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 2.11% and 3.10 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 2.36 % and 3.09 % at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Therefore, the dissolved CO2-generated bicarbonate and exogenous bicarbonate are important sources of inorganic carbon for plants.

关键词： Karst Bicarbonate - Photosynthesis -Inorganic carbonic utilization Stable carbon isotopecomposition

Does bicarbonate affect the nitrate utilization and photosynthesis of Orychophragmus violaceus?

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第6期37卷 875-885页

作者： Ye Lu yanyou wu Kaiyan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The effect of bicarbonate(HCO_3^-) on the growth and development of plants varies by species. To better understand inorganic carbon and nitrogen assimilation changes of karst-adaptable plants under different HCO_3^- treatments, we conducted experiments on seedlings and in vitro plantlets of Orychophragmus violaceus(Ov).We found that the vital photosynthesis potential(as measured by net photosynthetic rate, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem-II, photochemical quenching coefficient, and the instantaneous carbon isotope ratio of3-phosphoglycerate) was consistent under different HCO_3^- treatments of Ov. Bicarbonate's lack of effect on carbon assimilation of Ov may be related to carbonic anhydrase in Ov converting HCO_3^- to H2 O and CO2. In this way, Ov could prevent HCO_3^- ion toxicity and high pH from harming its growth and development under HCO_3^- *** study also found that high HCO_3^- concentrations could promote nitrogen assimilation and utilization of Ov through changes in related indexes(foliar nitrogen isotope fractionation ratio, stable nitrogen isotope assimilation ratio, foliar stable nitrogen isotope fractionation, nitrate nitrogen utilization efficiency, and nitrate utilization share)under different HCO_3^- treatments. Bicarbonate has different effects on photosynthesis and on inorganic nitrogen assimilation of Ov, which may be connected tophotosynthesis providing electrons for nitrate/nitrite reduction through the photosynthetic chain.

关键词： Nitrogen assimilation Photosynthetic capacity HCO3^- Orychophragmus violaceus