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Tribological application and mechanism of epicuticular wax

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Friction 2019年第1期7卷 44-58页

作者： Xuwen ZHONG yanqiu xia Xin FENG School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University

The plant cuticle is a complex mixture of omnipresent, commonly monofunctional, fatty acid derivatives and taxon-specific, generally bifunctional, specialty compounds. This study explored expanded applications for these substances. Four types of plant cuticles were distilled from leaves and the resulting lipid mixtures were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These were then used as additives for a synthetic ester lubricant. A reciprocating friction and wear testing machine was utilized to investigate the resulting tribological properties. The worn surfaces of the lower discs were observed and analyzed using optical microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results reveal that cuticular waxes can modify the friction properties of the base oil. Furthermore, cuticular waxes demonstrate better performance when compared to the commercially available additive molybdenum dithiocarbamates. A protective adsorption film was identified as the reason for the improved friction reduction and anti-wear properties of the lubricant on the friction pair. This study provides a reference for the study of new types of non-sulfur, phosphorus, and other active element additives and demonstrates considerable potential for the economical utilization of plant leaf waxes.

关键词： epicuticular wax tribological application GC-MS TOF-SIMS adsorption

Classification and spectrum optimization method of grease based on infrared spectrum

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1154-1164页

作者： Xin FENG yanqiu xia Peiyuan XIE xiaohe LI School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The infrared(IR)absorption spectral data of 63 kinds of lubricating greases containing six different types of thickeners were obtained using the IR *** Kohonen neural network algorithm was used to identify the type of the lubricating *** results show that this machine learning method can effectively eliminate the interference fringes in the IR spectrum,and complete the feature selection and dimensionality reduction of the high-dimensional spectral *** 63 kinds of greases exhibit spatial clustering under certain IR spectrum recognition spectral bands,which are linked to characteristic peaks of lubricating greases and improve the recognition accuracy of these *** model achieved recognition accuracy of 100.00%,96.08%,94.87%,100.00%,and 87.50%for polyurea grease,calcium sulfonate composite grease,aluminum(Al)-based grease,bentonite grease,and lithium-based grease,*** on the different IR absorption spectrum bands produced by each kind of lubricating grease,the three-dimensional spatial distribution map of the lubricating grease drawn also verifies the accuracy of classification while recognizing the *** paper demonstrates fast recognition speed and high accuracy,proving that the Kohonen neural network algorithm has an efficient recognition ability for identifying the types of the lubricating grease.

关键词： grease infrared(IR)spectroscopy layered Kohonen network species recognition spectrum band optimization

Conductivity and tribological properties of IL-PANI/WS_(2) composite material in lithium complex grease

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Friction 2023年第6期11卷 977-991页

作者： yanqiu xia Yuanhui WANG Chenglong HU Xin FENG School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China

An ionic liquid-polyaniline/tungsten disulfide(IL-PANI/WS_(2))composite was synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(LB104)aqueous solution by in-situ polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.A current-carrying friction and wear tester was used to study the tribological properties of steel-steel and copper-copper friction pairs lubricated by an IL-PANI/WS_(2) lithium complex grease(LCG).After the experiment,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of the wear scar on the steel and copper plates,and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer was used to analyze the elemental composition of the wear scar *** results show that compared with greases containing IL-PANI and WS_(2),greases containing IL-PANI/WS_(2) exhibit better antiwear performance when lubricating steel-steel friction pairs and better tribological performance and electrical conductivity when lubricating copper-copper friction ***,it can be concluded that WS_(2) and IL-PANI have a synergistic effect.

关键词： lithium complex grease(LCG) current-carrying friction additive ionic liquid-polyaniline/tungsten disulfide(IL-PANI/WS_(2))

Nano-montmorillonite-doped lubricating grease exhibiting excellent insulating and tribological properties

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Friction 2017年第2期5卷 219-230页

作者： Zhengfeng CAO yanqiu xia xiang XI School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China

Three types of nano-montmorillonite were doped as additives to afford lubricating *** physicochemical,insulating,and tribological performances of the obtained lubricating greases were investigated in ***,the tribological action mechanisms were analyzed by high magnification optical microscope,Raman spectroscopy,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS).The results show that the inorganic modification montmorillonite (IOMMT) can significantly increase the number of electron traps in the base grease,leading to excellent insulating ***,IOMMT as a novel lubricant additive (1.5 wt％ in grease) significantly enhances the friction reducing and anti-wear abilities for steel/steel contact that comprises a unique layered structure to prevent friction between the contact pairs and the protective tribofilm generated by physical adsorption and chemical reaction.

关键词： nano-montmorillonite insulation friction and wear

The rheological and tribological properties of calcium sulfonate complex greases

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Friction 2015年第1期3卷 28-35页

作者： Zeyun WANG yanqiu xia Zhilu LIU School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan750021China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing210094China

In this study,we synthesized two types of calcium sulfonate complex greases(barium soap and calcium soap)and investigated their physical,rheological,and tribological properties in *** test results showed that the evolution of their linear viscoelasticity functions with frequency were quite similar to those of traditional lubricating ***,these two calcium sulfonate complex greases had good friction-reducing and antiwear properties at room temperature and at 150°*** addition,by adding an organic molybdenum compound(MoDTC)to the base greases,we obtained a very low friction coefficient(0.065)for one of the greases(calcium soap)at 400 N and 500 N(maximum Hertzian pressures of 3.47 GPa and 3.74 GPa,respectively)at 150°C.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis showed that the tribofilm was composed of some complex oxide species and CaCO3 that had formed on the worn surface.

关键词： calcium sulfonate complex greases tribological properties rheology viscoelasticity

Tribological properties of conductive lubricating greases

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Friction 2014年第4期2卷 343-353页

作者： xiaoqiang FAN yanqiu xia Liping WANG State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100039China

Three kinds of new conductive lubricating greases were prepared using lithium ionic liquids as the base oil and the polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the *** lithium ionic liquids([Li(PEG)X])were obtained by blending lithium salts(LiBF4,LiPF6 and LiNTf2)with poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)because lithium salts have an extremely high solubility in *** conductivities and contact resistances of the prepared lubricating greases were investigated using the DDSJ‐308A conductivity meter and the reciprocating ball‐on‐disk UMT‐2MT sliding *** addition,their tribological properties were investigated in *** electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to explore the friction *** results suggest that the prepared lubricating greases have high conductivities and excellent tribological *** high conductivities are attributed to ion diffusion or migration of the lithium ionic liquids with an external electric field,and the excellent tribological properties depend on the formation of boundary protective films.

关键词： ionic liquids grease conductivity tribology

Study of tribological properties of ecofriendly lubricant additives derived from leaf-surface waxes

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第3期61卷 408-416页

作者： xia yanqiu HU YiChao FENG Xin MA Teng School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University

Three kinds of leaf-surface waxes are extracted from the leaves of Euonymus japonicas(EJ), Sabina chinensis(SC) and Sabina procumbens(SP) to be tested for their tribological properties. Lubricating oils containing these 3 waxes respectively were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) for their chemical constituents and tested with friction and wear testing machine and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS) for the tribological mechanism. It was found that all the tested cuticular wax can reduce the coefficient of friction, and the waxes of SC and EJ can reduce the wear width. The contents of acid and esters in the wax can improve the friction reducing property by forming tribochemical films on the metal, but result in the increase of wear due to corrosion. The increase of ions containing C, H, O and the decline of aluminum positive ions on the worn surface,demonstrate that the tribofilms derived from long chain compounds play a role of protecting the metal surfaces.

关键词： leaf-surface wax friction wear lubricant additives ecofriendly lubricant

A synergetic strategy based on laser surface texturing and lubricating grease for improving the tribological and electrical properties of Ag coating under current-carrying friction

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Friction 2021年第5期9卷 978-989页

作者： Zhengfeng CAO yanqiu xia Chuan CHEN Kai ZHENG Yi ZHANG School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 102211China

Herein,a series of Ag coatings with different micro‐dimples were fabricated on copper surfaces by laser surface texturing(LST)and magnetron *** graphene lubricating grease(MGLG)was prepared using multilayer graphene as an *** textured Ag coatings and MGLG were ***,the tribological and electrical performances of the textured Ag coatings under MGLG lubrication were investigated in *** demonstrated that the textured Ag coating with an appropriate dimple diameter could exhibit improved tribological and electrical properties when compared to the non‐textured Ag coating under MGLG *** characterization and analysis of the worn surfaces suggest that the synergetic effect of LST and MGLG contributes to these excellent tribological and electrical properties.

关键词： laser surface texturing tribology contact resistance lubricating grease

Leaf-surface wax of desert plants as a potential lubricant additive

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Friction 2015年第3期3卷 208-213页

作者： yanqiu xia xiaochun XU Xin FENG Guoxiong CHEN School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Using an MFT-R4000 tester at room temperature,the leaf-surface wax of two desert plants,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(AM)and Reaumuria soongorica(RS),was extracted and evaluated for its potential as a lubricant additive in polyalphaolefin(PAO)for steel-steel *** chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the composition of the AM leaf-surface wax,and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate its friction *** results suggest that the leaf-surface wax could successfully reduce the friction and wear of steel-steel sliding pairs compared with PAO containing molybdenum dithiocarbamate ***,in particular,showed high-performance wear resistance and friction-reducing *** excellent tribological properties were attributed to the wax composition of leaf-surface fatty acids,alcohol,and esters.

关键词： leaf-surface wax Ammopiptanthus mongolicus lubricant additive friction and wear