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Root proliferation in native perennial grasses of arid Patagonia,Argentina

Journal of Arid Land 2014年第2期6卷 195-204页

作者： yanina a torres Carlos A BUSSO Oscar A MONTENEGRO Leticia ITHURRART Hugo D GIORGETT Gustavo RODRíGUEZ Diego BENTIVEGNA Roberto E BREVEDAN Osvaldo A FERNáNDEZ María M MUJICA Sandra S BAIONI José ENTíO María N FIORETTI Guillermo TUCAT Agronomy Department National University of the South and CERZOS (CONICET) Experimental Farm EEA INTA Patagones Ministery of Agrarian Issues Faculty of Agrarian Sciences National University of La Plata

Pappophorum vaginatum is the most abundant C4 perennial grass desirable to livestock in rangelands of northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. We hypothesized that （1） defoliation reduce net primary productivity, and root length density and weight in the native species, and （2） root net primary productivity, and root length density and weight, are greater in P. vaginatum than in the other, less desirable, native species （i.e., Aristida spegazzinfi, A. subulata and Sporobolus cryptandrus）. Plants of all species were either exposed or not to a severe defoliation twice a year during two growing seasons. Root proliferation was measured using the cylinder method. Cylindrical, iron structures, wrapped up using nylon mesh, were buried diagonally from the periphery to the center on individual plants. These structures, initially filled with soil without any organic residue, were dug up from the soil on 25 April 2008, after two successive defoliations in mid-spring 2007. During the second growing season （2008-2009）, cylinders were destructively harvested on 4 April 2009, after one or two defoliations in mid- and/or late-spring, respectively. Roots grown into the cylinders were obtained after washing the soil manually. Defoliation during two successive years did reduce the study variables only after plants of all species were defoliated twice, which supported the first hypothesis. The greater root net primary productivity, root length den- sity and weight in P. vaginatum than in the other native species, in support of the second hypothesis, could help to explain its greater abundance in rangelands of Argentina.

关键词： Aristida species competitive ability Pappophorum vaginatum Sporobolus cryptandrus warm-season perennial grasses

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Use of geochemical fingerprints to trace sediment sources in an agricultural catchment of Argentina

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 410-417页

作者： Romina torres Astorga yanina Garcias Gisela Borgatello Hugo Velasco Román Padilla Gerd Dercon Lionel Mabit IMASL UNSLCONICET.Ejde los Andes 950San LuisArgentina Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory Division of Physical and Chemical SciencesIAEASeibersdorfAustria Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Laboratory Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureSeibersdorfAustria

Soil erosion and associated sediment redistribution are key environmental problems in Central *** land uses and management practices,such as intensive grazing and crop cultivation,are considered to be significantly driving and accelerating these *** research focuses on the identification of suitable soil tracers from hot spots of land degradation and sediment fate in an agricultural catchment of central Argentina with erodible loess *** Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence(EDXRF),elemental concentrations were determined and later used as soil tracers for geochemical *** best set of tracers were identified using two artificial mixtures composed of known proportions of soil sources collected from different lands having contrasting soil ***,calcium,iron,phosphorus,and titanium were identified for obtaining the best suitable reconstruction of source proportions in the laboratory-prepared artificial ***,these elements,as well as the total organic carbon,were applied for pinpointing critical hot spots of erosion within the studied *** were identified to be the main source of sediments,river banks and dirt roads together are the second most important *** investigation provides key information for optimizing soil conservation strategies and selecting land management practices and land uses which do not generate great contribution of sediment,preventing pollution of the waterways of the region.

关键词： Fingerprinting Geochemical elements Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence Soil erosion Mixing models

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