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State fragility and the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic:an ecologic analysis of data from 146 countries

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 18-23页

作者： Yuqi Duan Junxiong Ma yangmu huang Xinguang Chen Zhi-Jie Zheng Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global spread and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic are determined to a large extent,by resistance to the pandemic and public response of all countries in the world;while a country's resistance and response are in turn determined by its political and socio economic *** inform future disease prevention and control,we analyzed global data to exam the relationship between state vulnerabilities and COVID-19 incidences and ***:Vulnerability was measured using the Fragile States Index(FSI).FSI is created by the Fund for Peace to assess levels of fragility for individual *** FSI score and scores for 12 specific indicators were used as the predictor *** variables were national cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths up to September 16,2020,derived from the World Health *** incidence rates were computed using 2019 National population derived from the World Bank,and case fatality rates were computed as the ratio of deaths/COVID-19 *** with incomplete data were excluded,yielding a final sample of 146 *** regression was used to examine the association between the predictor and the outcome ***:There were dramatic cross-country variations in both FSI and COVID-19 epidemiological *** total scores were negatively associated with both COVID-19 cumulative incidence rates(β=-0.0135,P<0.001)and case fatality rates(β=-0.0147,P<0.05).Of the 12 FSI indicators,three negatively associated with COVID-19 incidences were E1(Economic Decline and Poverty),E3(Human Flight and Brain Drain),and S2(Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons);two positively associated were P1(State Legitimacy)and X1(External Intervention).With regard to association with case fatality rates,C1(Security Apparatus)was positive,and P3(Human Rights and Rule of Law)and X1 was ***:With FSI measures by the Fund of Peace,overall,more fragile countries are les

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Pandemic State fragility State fragility index Preparedness and response strengthening

The priority areas and possible pathways for health cooperation in BRICS countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 176-183页

作者： Zuokun Liu Zongbin Wang Ming Xu Jiyan Ma Yinuo Sun yangmu huang School of Public Health Peking University38 Xue Yuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

As one of the largest alliances of middle-income countries,the BRICS,known as an acronym for five countries including“Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa”,represents half of the global *** health cooperation among BRICS countries will benefit their populations and other middle-and low-income *** study aims to summarize the current status of health cooperation in BRICS countries and identify opportunities to strengthen BRICS participation in global health governance.A literature review was conducted to analyze the status,progress,and challenges of BRICS’health *** analysis was used to review the 2011-2021 annual joint declarations of the BRICS Health Ministers *** priority health areas were identified through segmental frequency *** research suggested that communicable diseases,access to medicine,and universal health coverage appeared most frequently in the content of declarations,indicating the possible top health priorities among BRICS’health *** priority areas align with the primary health challenges of each country,including the threats of double burden of diseases,as well as the need for improving health systems and access to *** external cooperation,inter-BRICS health cooperation,and unified external cooperation are the main forms of health cooperation among BRICS ***,challenges such as the lack of a unified image and precise position,lack of practical impact,and weak discourse power have impeded the impact of BRICS on health *** study suggests that the BRICS countries should recognize their positioning,improve their unified image,and establish cooperative entities;at the same time,they should increase their practical strength,promote non-governmental cooperation,and expand the cooperation space through the“BRICS Plus”mechanism with countries with similar interests to join.

关键词： BRICS countries Health cooperation Communicable disease Access to medicine

China’s innovation and research contribution to combating neglected diseases:a secondary analysis of China’s public research data

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 505-513页

作者： Jiyan Ma Lanchao Zhang Xianzhe Li Jiashu Shen Yinuo Sun yangmu huang Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Background Many emerging and developing economies,such as China,have played the important roles in combating global neglected diseases(NDs).This study aims to explore China’s public landscape of research projects and funding of NDs and to provide empirical evidence on promoting China’s participation in addressing global health priorities that disproportionately affect developing *** We systematically sourced China’s public funding information from the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China and provincial science and technology agency websites up to August 16,*** the G-FINDER R&D scope,we screened projects of NDs for ***-funded projects were reviewed on an annual basis for exploring the trends and distribution of funding *** on provincial-funded projects was compared with national projects by disease,research type,and geographical *** A total of 1266 projects were included for analysis and categorized by year,funding source,recipient,disease,research type,region,and ***’s national public funding for ND research reached a historical peak of USD 16.22 million in *** the proportion of ND research to all public-funded projects was less than 0.5%,and over half of the ND projects were allocated to“the big three,”i.e.,tuberculosis,HIV/AIDS,and *** 58%of national and provincial ND projects focus on basic *** developed regions and municipalities play dominant roles in leading national ND research,such as Beijing,Shanghai,and *** ND projects are primarily driven by endemic *** As a new emerging high-tech innovator,China has gradually increased public input to ND-related innovation and *** there is still a large funding gap among NDs that requires China’s increased support and *** development plans and cooperative health needs should be taken into account for China’s participation in promoting globa

关键词： Neglected diseases Research and development Developing countries

中国在抗寄生虫病医疗产品研发中的贡献--2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的启示

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中国血吸虫病防治杂志 2016年第4期28卷 349-352页

作者：黄旸木曹俊北京大学公共卫生学院北京100191 江苏省寄生病防治研究所、国家卫生和计划生育委员会寄生虫病预防和控制技术重点实验室、江苏省寄生虫与媒介控制技术重点实验室

中国科学家屠呦呦因在抗疟疾药物青蒿素研发过程中的突出贡献,获2015年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。青蒿素的发现是在中国政府协调下,利用现代药学技术挖掘中医古籍资源实现的重大突破。本文分析了当前全球抗寄生虫病医药产品研发现状,以... 详细信息

中国科学家屠呦呦因在抗疟疾药物青蒿素研发过程中的突出贡献,获2015年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。青蒿素的发现是在中国政府协调下,利用现代药学技术挖掘中医古籍资源实现的重大突破。本文分析了当前全球抗寄生虫病医药产品研发现状,以及中国开展相关产品研发的需求和优势,提出了中国应该利用政府筹资和研究能力的优势,加强寄生虫病相关医药产品的研发,为促进全球健康公平做出更大贡献。

关键词：寄生虫病青蒿素诺贝尔奖产品研发全球卫生屠呦呦

全球健康视角下我国儿童早期健康发展实践报告

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中国儿童保健杂志 2024年第1期32卷 1-6页

作者：黄旸木党媛北京大学公共卫生学院北京100191

儿童早期健康是值得关注的全球性公共卫生问题,儿童的健康不平等间接反映了国家儿童保健、教育和其他基础设施分布的不公平性。世界范围内,193个国家通过《2030年可持续发展议程》,并探索了不同的发展策略和应对举措。明确“将儿童置于... 详细信息

儿童早期健康是值得关注的全球性公共卫生问题,儿童的健康不平等间接反映了国家儿童保健、教育和其他基础设施分布的不公平性。世界范围内,193个国家通过《2030年可持续发展议程》,并探索了不同的发展策略和应对举措。明确“将儿童置于可持续发展目标的核心”是成功实现可持续发展目标必不可少的因素,经过几十年不断的努力和实践,我国在改善儿童福祉方面取得了巨大进展,但还存在东西部发展不均衡、贫困农村地区服务能力不足等挑战,肥胖、近视、心理等新问题也随之出现,因此,中国目前仍不能完全满足儿童日益增长的健康需求。本文从全球健康的视角,系统综述了全球儿童早期健康事业的发展现状、我国儿童早期发展工作的主要历程和工作经验,并根据全球发展趋势对我国儿童早期健康发展的工作重点和机遇挑战进行展望,希望可以为我国儿童早期健康的进一步研究提供资料。

关键词：全球健康儿童早期发展现状与挑战健康公平

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世界卫生大会全球卫生安全治理议题分析

国际政治研究 2020年第3期41卷 130-137页

作者：黄旸木郭岩北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生系 100871

世界卫生大会(World Health Assembly,WHA)是世界卫生组织的一个决策机制,每年5月下旬,世界卫生组织成员国聚集日内瓦,讨论与全球卫生治理的有关议题。根据世界卫生组织的组织法,世界卫生大会有以下几个使命:确定世界卫生组织的政策、... 详细信息

世界卫生大会(World Health Assembly,WHA)是世界卫生组织的一个决策机制,每年5月下旬,世界卫生组织成员国聚集日内瓦,讨论与全球卫生治理的有关议题。根据世界卫生组织的组织法,世界卫生大会有以下几个使命:确定世界卫生组织的政策、选举总干事、审查财务政策及项目预算,以及由执委会所提出来的需要提交大会讨论的问题。(1)在不同时期,由于全球的健康问题不同,疾病的流行风险不同,影响健康的社会决定因素不同。

关键词：财务政策项目预算世界卫生大会安全治理世界卫生组织全球卫生决策机制

Drug research and development opportunities in low-and middle-income countries:accelerating traditional medicine through systematic utilization and comprehensive synergy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第2期11卷 77-80页

作者： Guangqi Liu Yan Xie Yinuo Sun Kaixuan Zhang Jiyan Ma yangmu huang Department of Global Health Peking University School of Public Health38 Xue Yuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Background:Though the utilization of traditional medicine has been proposed for modern drug research and development(R&D),limited research has discussed its feasible *** this commentary,we summarized key factors for new drug R&D under limited resources by reviewing China’s discovery of artemisinin,and raised suggestions to utilize traditional medicines in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Main text:We suggested that systematic utilization of traditional medicine,outstanding synergy of research units at all levels and timely information-sharing mechanism should be achieved to establish a comprehensive and efficient R&D system,especially under low-resource *** the case of artemisinin discovery,Chinese scientists integrated documented traditional medicine experiences and modern approaches to develop drug candidates *** to limited R&D resources,China adopted a collaborative way,motivating nearly all domestic research units at different levels,to develop antimalarial ***,the excellent synergy among all units through efficient information-sharing mechanisms greatly avoided work repetition and accelerated the R&D ***:Traditional medicines inspires drug discoveries in LMICs,while a comprehensive and efficient R&D system could accelerate its R&D process and save *** discovery of artemisinin in China gave a reliable pattern to promote sustainable development of traditional medicines and a good example to realize R&D of traditional medicine under low-resource settings.

关键词： Traditional medicine Research and development Low-and middle-income countries

Priorities of China’s participation in global malaria elimination:the perspective of malaria endemic countries

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第2期11卷 96-96页

作者： Yan Xie Jie Wang Yinuo Sun Xuedan Ke Zheng Xie Jun Cao yangmu huang Peking University School of Public Health Beijing 100191China Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology/WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Malaria Elimination Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWuxi 214064China

Background:Malaria is one of the major diseases afecting global health,while progress in malaria control and elimination has stagnated in some endemic *** has been certifcated malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021,and will get more involved on global malaria *** discussion is needed on how to collaborate with the malaria endemic countries and provide efective *** study was to investigate the perceptions of malaria endemic countries on China’s contribution to global malaria elimination and to lay a foundation for further ***:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants including national malaria project managers and technicians from malaria endemic *** framework approach was used to analyze the ***:Malaria endemic countries now face challenges in insufcient funds,technique,products,public health systems and inadequacy of international *** hold a positive attitude towards cooperation with China and identifed experience and technique exchange,personnel training,system building and scientifc research cooperation as prioritized ***:China could make full use of its own advantages in technique transfer,health system improvement,information system construction,and health human resource training and take an active part in global malaria elimination.

关键词： Malaria elimination Aid efectiveness China

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高校附属医院科技成果转化的问题与挑战

中华临床医师杂志（电子版） 2021年第10期15卷 785-789页

作者：沈娟肖渊黄旸木北京大学医学部北京100191

目的分析高校附属医院科技成果转化存在的挑战并提出建议。方法2019年5月至2020年10月对北京大学6家附属医院科技成果转化相关的管理人员和科研团队进行深度访谈,结合各医院的制度文件和转化项目资料,建立主题框架进行资料分析。结果科... 详细信息

目的分析高校附属医院科技成果转化存在的挑战并提出建议。方法2019年5月至2020年10月对北京大学6家附属医院科技成果转化相关的管理人员和科研团队进行深度访谈,结合各医院的制度文件和转化项目资料,建立主题框架进行资料分析。结果科研实力和政策引导是高校附属医院开展科技成果转化的优势,但存在尚未建立完整的管理制度体系、激励机制落实不到位、缺乏专业化服务机构和队伍的问题。结论应根据高校附属医院的特点进一步完善制度体系,落实激励机制,将科技成果转化纳入相关考核指标,建立覆盖成果转化全流程的专业化服务机构和团队。

关键词：高校附属医院科技成果转化挑战