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Ticks, Demographics, Vegetation Cover, and Farmer’s Age Influence Red Meat Production in Resource-Poor Regions of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 682-696页

作者： Nkululeko Nyangiwe Sindisile Goni Thami Khethani Tanki Thubela Mlungisi Jansen Siza Mthi Mandla Yawa Sive Tokozwayo Unathi Gulwa Ntanganedzeni O. Mapholi Ishmael F. Jaja Luxolo Qokweni yanga mkabile mkabile Sindile Magoda Zoleka Ntondini Zamantungwa T. H. Khumalo Döhne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Department of Agriculture and Animal Health University of South Africa Florida South Africa Department of Livestock and Pasture Science Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Kokstad South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Bathurst South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Port Elizabeth South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Queenstown South Africa National Institute for Communicable Diseases Sequencing Core Facility National Health Laboratory Service Johannesburg South Africa Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa

This study presents an integrated examination of livestock production constraints associating with communal farming in six district municipalities (DMs) of the Eastern Cape Province. We collected data on demographic and socio-economic factors from 271 farmers randomly given questionnaires. About 26 Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD) owned by communal farmers were surveyed to ascertain the condition of grazing land, meanwhile, tick species and distribution on cattle and goats found in 158 sampling sites of the study area were also recorded. From the results, a total of 34,929 adult ticks belonging to five genera and 10 species were encountered. The most abundant tick genera were Rhipicephalus of the subgenus Boophilus (68.91%), Amblyomma (20.72%), Hyalomma (8.64%), Ixodes (1.22%), and Haemaphysalis (0.51%). By geographic distributions, Amblyomma and Rhipic

关键词： Amblyomma Constraints Rangeland Conditions Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Tick Distribution South Africa

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Short-Term Influence of Burning on Species Abundance, Biomass Production, Wood Plant Density and Browsing Unit in an Albany Thicket of the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 74-85页

作者： Sive Tokozwayo Thubela Thubela Masibonge Gxasheka Siza Mthi Unathi Gulwa Nkululeko Nyangiwe Ayanda Kwaza Nokonwaba Jokani Nobulungisa Mgujulwa yanga mkabile Thozama Theophilus Bozo Amahle Sogoni Dö hne Agricultural Development Institute Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Stutterheim South Africa Department of Plant Production Soil Science & Agricultural Engineering University of Limpopo Polokwane South Africa Department of Agriculture and Animal Health University of South Africa Florida South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Land Use Management Gqeberha South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Bathurst South Africa

Fire is regarded as management practice for maintaining grasslands and savannas. The vegetation occurring in fire prone areas becomes highly adapted to fire occurrences in savannas and grasslands. However, documentation on the influence of burning on vegetation is still limited in an albany thicket biome. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term influence of burning on species abundance, biomass production, wood plant density and browsing unit. Six plots (2500 m2) were demarcated;in each plot two parallel transects of 120 m2 with 5 m distance apart were measured. Three plots were burned in spring season, while no burning was done on the other remaining plots. Forty points per plot were obtained using step-point method to determine the relative abundance at burned and unburned plots. Woody plants occurred within a transect were identified, counted and recorded to determine density and browsing unit. Three quadrats (i.e. 0.25 m2) per plot were randomly laid within the transect;aboveground plant material within a quadrat were harvested. A total of 18 samples were harvested and oven dried at 60˚C for 48 hours to determine biomass production. The results showed that Themeda triandra (14%) and Panicum maximum (10%) were most abundant grass species at the burned plots. Burned plots had significantly higher biomass production (4804 kg/ha) compared to unburned plots (3641 kg/ha). Vachellia karoo (burned: 65.85% & unburn: 13.70%) and Searsia pallens (burned: 26.83% & unburned: 6.85%) were most dominant wood plant species at both burned and unburned plots. Burned plots had the highest browsing unit (3221 BU/ha) compared to unburned plots (2058 BU/ha). The decrease of woody plants at the burned plots proved that fire has a tremendous potential for managing woody plants. This study provided information on

关键词： Burning Browsing Density Relative Abundance

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