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Recurrent neural network decoding of rotated surface codes based on distributed strategy

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 322-330页

作者：李帆李熬庆甘启迪马鸿洋 School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China School of Sciences Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for realizing quantum *** computers achieve faulttolerant quantum computing by detecting and correcting errors using decoding *** error correction using neural network-based machine learning methods is a promising approach that is adapted to physical systems without the need to build noise *** this paper,we use a distributed decoding strategy,which effectively alleviates the problem of exponential growth of the training set required for neural networks as the code distance of quantum error-correcting codes *** decoding algorithm is based on renormalization group decoding and recurrent neural network *** recurrent neural network is trained through the ResNet architecture to improve its decoding *** we test the decoding performance of our distributed strategy decoder,recurrent neural network decoder,and the classic minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM)decoder for rotated surface codes with different code distances under the circuit noise model,the thresholds of these three decoders are about 0.0052,0.0051,and 0.0049,*** results demonstrate that the distributed strategy decoder outperforms the other two decoders,achieving approximately a 5%improvement in decoding efficiency compared to the MWPM decoder and approximately a 2%improvement compared to the recurrent neural network decoder.

关键词： quantum error correction rotated surface code recurrent neural network distributed strategy

Theory for Charge Density Wave and Orbital-Flux State in Antiferromagnetic Kagome Metal FeGe

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 90-104页

作者：马海洋殷嘉鑫 M.Zahid Hasan 刘健鹏 School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-HongKong-macao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen 518045China Laboratory for Topological Quantum matter and Advanced Spectroscopy(B7) Department of PhysicsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of materials Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Liaoning Academy of materials Shenyang 110167China

We theoretically study the charge order and orbital magnetic properties of a new type of antiferromagnetic kagome metal *** on first-principles density functional theory calculations,we study the electronic structures,Fermi-surface quantum fluctuations,as well as phonon properties of the antiferromagnetic kagome metal *** is found that charge density wave emerges in such a system due to a subtle cooperation between electron-electron interactions and electron–phonon couplings,which gives rise to an unusual scenario of interaction-triggered phonon instabilities,and eventually yields a charge density wave(CDW)*** further show that,in the CDW phase,the ground-state current density distribution exhibits an intriguing star-of-David pattern,leading to flux density *** orbital fluxes(or current loops)in this system emerge as a result of the subtle interplay between magnetism,lattice geometries,charge order,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which can be described by a simple,yet universal,tight-binding theory including a Kane-Mele-type SOC term and a magnetic exchange *** further study the origin of the peculiar step-edge states in FeGe,which sheds light on the topological properties and correlation effects in this new type of kagome antiferromagnetic material.

关键词： interaction phonon orbital

Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prevention of nonalcoholic Wernicke’s disease:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第24期12卷 5628-5635页

作者： Yu-yang ma Xiao-Chan He Yu Gao Tian-Tian ma Gong Cheng Chang-Wu Yue Yan’an Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Innovation and Transformation School of Basic MedicineYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Cardiology Second DivisionShaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalXi’an 710000Shaanxi ProvinceChina Xi’an Honghui Hospital Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710000Shaanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency,commonly seen in alcoholic populations but also involving other circumstances that may lead to thiamine *** recognition of Wernicke encephalopathy often depends on clinicians’keen ability to detect its typical triad of features;however,most cases do not present with the full constellation of signs,which complicates the timely identification of Wernicke *** SUMmaRY This case report describes a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed abnormal ocular function and ataxia following concurrent chemoradiotherapy,without a history of alcohol *** the aid of radiological examinations,he received a timely diagnosis and treatment;however,his symptoms did not fully resolve during *** For patients with malignant tumors exhibiting neurological symptoms,clinicians should consider the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy and provide prophylactic thiamine therapy.

关键词： Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Non-alcoholic Wernicke’s disease Wernicke’s encephalopathy Neurological Case report

Quantum generative adversarial networks based on a readout error mitigation method with fault tolerant mechanism

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 285-295页

作者：赵润盛马鸿洋程涛王爽范兴奎 School of Sciences Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China

Readout errors caused by measurement noise are a significant source of errors in quantum circuits,which severely affect the output results and are an urgent problem to be solved in noisy-intermediate scale quantum(NISQ)*** this paper,we use the bit-flip averaging(BFA)method to mitigate frequent readout errors in quantum generative adversarial networks(QGAN)for image generation,which simplifies the response matrix structure by averaging the qubits for each random bit-flip in advance,successfully solving problems with high cost of measurement for traditional error mitigation *** experiments were simulated in Qiskit using the handwritten digit image recognition dataset under the BFA-based method,the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence of the generated images converges to 0.04,0.05,and 0.1 for readout error probabilities of p=0.01,p=0.05,and p=0.1,***,by evaluating the fidelity of the quantum states representing the images,we observe average fidelity values of 0.97,0.96,and 0.95 for the three readout error probabilities,*** results demonstrate the robustness of the model in mitigating readout errors and provide a highly fault tolerant mechanism for image generation models.

关键词： readout errors quantum generative adversarial networks bit-flip averaging method fault tolerant mechanisms

Design of a novel hybrid quantum deep neural network in INEQR images classification

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 230-238页

作者：王爽王柯涵程涛赵润盛马鸿洋郭帅 School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China School of Sciences Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China

We redesign the parameterized quantum circuit in the quantum deep neural network, construct a three-layer structure as the hidden layer, and then use classical optimization algorithms to train the parameterized quantum circuit, thereby propose a novel hybrid quantum deep neural network(HQDNN) used for image classification. After bilinear interpolation reduces the original image to a suitable size, an improved novel enhanced quantum representation(INEQR) is used to encode it into quantum states as the input of the HQDNN. Multi-layer parameterized quantum circuits are used as the main structure to implement feature extraction and classification. The output results of parameterized quantum circuits are converted into classical data through quantum measurements and then optimized on a classical computer. To verify the performance of the HQDNN, we conduct binary classification and three classification experiments on the MNIST(Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) data set. In the first binary classification, the accuracy of 0 and 4 exceeds98%. Then we compare the performance of three classification with other algorithms, the results on two datasets show that the classification accuracy is higher than that of quantum deep neural network and general quantum convolutional neural network.

关键词： quantum computing image classification quantum–classical hybrid neural network quantum image representation interpolation

Puerarin modulation of CENPA affects downstream PLK1 and CCNB1 expression to inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation

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Traditional Medicine Research 2024年第9期9卷 32-41页

作者： Hao Xu Wen Gao Deng Pan Yu-yang ma Ruo-Ran Zhang Yong-Li Cao Yu-Chuan Zhou Ming-Yu Xu Pei-Yong Zhang Kun Pang Department of Urology Xuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical CollegeXuzhou 221009China Graduate School Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbu 233040China Department of Cardiology The Fourth People’s Hospital of JinanJinan 250031China Graduate School Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Urology The Peixian People’s HospitalXuzhou 221699China Department of Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150006China

Background:The treatment alternatives for bladder cancer(BLCA),the 10th most prevalent cancer in the world,need to be further investigated,and many active substances like Puerarin in herbal medicine were found to be effective in treating *** purpose of this study was to investigate the potential treating mechanisms of Puerarin on ***:The cell counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to confirm Puerarin’s ability to suppress *** differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were obtained by Tandem mass Tags technology and functional enrichment analysis performed by R *** most enriched pathways were selected for study and the DEPs were screened ***-protein interaction network maps were created using String and Cytoscape and key proteins,which will be analyzed for survival,expression,and upstream transcription factor prediction,were screened out using the cytoHubba ***3 was used to obtain upstream transcription factor validated by molecular docking and western blotting ***:Cell counting kit 8 showed that Puerarin inhibited BLCA cells,with 50%inhibitory concentration of 218μmol/L in T24 and 198μmol/L in *** cytometry reveals that Puerarin blocks T24 and 5637 cells in G1 phase.1,385 DEPs were obtained and the enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle and DNA replication were the two main areas in which DEPs were ***-B-cyclin dependent kinase 1(CDK1),cyclin B1(CCNB1),and polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)were identified as key proteins,and their upstream transcription factor was predicted to be centromere protein A(CENPA).Puerarin’s binding energy to CENPA was determined by molecular docking to be−6.3 kcal/mol,indicating a strong binding *** blot showed that Puerarin significantly reduced the expression of ***:We hypothesize that Puerarin may inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting CENPA expression to regulate PLK1 and CCNB1 expression,thereby a

关键词： Puerarin BLCA Tandem mass Tags cell cycle

Decoding topological XYZ^(2) codes with reinforcement learning based on attention mechanisms

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 262-270页

作者：陈庆辉姬宇欣王柯涵马鸿洋纪乃华 School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China School of Sciences Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266033China

Quantum error correction, a technique that relies on the principle of redundancy to encode logical information into additional qubits to better protect the system from noise, is necessary to design a viable quantum computer. For this new topological stabilizer code-XYZ^(2) code defined on the cellular lattice, it is implemented on a hexagonal lattice of qubits and it encodes the logical qubits with the help of stabilizer measurements of weight six and weight two. However topological stabilizer codes in cellular lattice quantum systems suffer from the detrimental effects of noise due to interaction with the environment. Several decoding approaches have been proposed to address this problem. Here, we propose the use of a state-attention based reinforcement learning decoder to decode XYZ^(2) codes, which enables the decoder to more accurately focus on the information related to the current decoding position, and the error correction accuracy of our reinforcement learning decoder model under the optimisation conditions can reach 83.27% under the depolarizing noise model, and we have measured thresholds of 0.18856 and 0.19043 for XYZ^(2) codes at code spacing of 3–7 and 7–11, respectively. our study provides directions and ideas for applications of decoding schemes combining reinforcement learning attention mechanisms to other topological quantum error-correcting codes.

关键词： quantum error correction topological quantum stabilizer code reinforcement learning attention mechanism

加工贸易转型如何影响企业劳动要素报酬——来自出口退税政策调整的准自然实验

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世界经济与政治论坛 2024年第1期 159-176页

作者：陈思萌马洋江苏省社会科学院世界经济研究所安徽财经大学国际经济贸易学院

本文以2006年中国出口退税政策调整作为准自然实验,采用倾向得分匹配及双重差分法实证分析加工贸易转型对企业劳动要素报酬的影响。研究结果表明,加工贸易转型能够提升企业平均工资水平,且在加工贸易转型的次年尤为明显;技术进步效应、... 详细信息

本文以2006年中国出口退税政策调整作为准自然实验,采用倾向得分匹配及双重差分法实证分析加工贸易转型对企业劳动要素报酬的影响。研究结果表明,加工贸易转型能够提升企业平均工资水平,且在加工贸易转型的次年尤为明显;技术进步效应、绩效提升效应及资源配置效应是加工贸易转型推动劳动要素报酬改善的传导机制。异质性分析结果表明,高新技术产业、东部沿海地区、受政策调整政策冲击较大的加工贸易企业转型,能带来更为明显的劳动要素报酬改善效果。此外,加工贸易转型程度越大、技术创新质量越高的转型企业,越有助于促进劳动者报酬的提升。着眼于进一步推动加工贸易转型升级、改善国内劳动要素报酬水平、加快贸易强国建设,应适当调整国内财税政策,引导加工贸易企业转型升级;加快构建国内统一大市场,引导加工贸易企业融入国内生产循环;推动加工贸易企业技术创新,促进行业内劳动要素优化配置。

关键词：加工贸易转型劳动要素报酬出口退税对外贸易要素收益水平

电化学合成2,5-二甲氧基-2,5-二氢呋喃甲醇工艺研究

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应用化工 2024年第1期53卷 118-121页

作者：孙任伟马养民陕西科技大学化学与化工学院、中国轻工业轻化助剂重点实验室陕西西安710021

以糠醇为原料,NaBr为电解质,甲醇为溶剂,利用电化学法合成焦袂康酸中间体2,5-二甲氧基-2,5-二氢呋喃甲醇,考察反应时间、NaBr添加量、反应温度对产率的影响。结果表明,反应时间与反应温度对产率有显著影响,NaBr添加量对产率影响不显著... 详细信息

以糠醇为原料,NaBr为电解质,甲醇为溶剂,利用电化学法合成焦袂康酸中间体2,5-二甲氧基-2,5-二氢呋喃甲醇,考察反应时间、NaBr添加量、反应温度对产率的影响。结果表明,反应时间与反应温度对产率有显著影响,NaBr添加量对产率影响不显著。当加入糠醇3 g(24 mmol),恒压15 V,最优条件为反应时间2.4 h,NaBr添加量为1.76 g,反应温度-10℃时,平均电流0.93 A,2,5-二甲氧基-2,5-二氢呋喃甲醇产率为67.9%。

关键词：糠醇 2,5-二甲氧基-2,5-二氢呋喃甲醇焦袂康酸 Box-Behnken