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A phase-field model for simulating the propagation behavior of mixed-mode cracks during the hydraulic fracturing process in fractured reservoirs

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 911-930页

作者： Dan ZHANG Liangping YI Zhaozhong yang Jingqiang ZHANG Gang CHEN Ruoyu yang Xiaogang LI State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Tarim oilfield company PetroChinaBayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture 841000Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Wuqi Oil Production Plant Shaanxi Yanchang PetroleumXi'an 716000China Exploration Division of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield company Chengdu 610041China

A novel phase-field model for the propagation of mixed-mode hydraulic fractures,characterized by the formation of mixed-mode fractures due to the interactions between fluids and solids,is proposed.In this model,the driving force for the phase field consists of both tensile and shear components,with the fluid contribution primarily manifesting in the tension driving force.The displacement and pressure are solved simultaneously by an implicit method.The numerical solution's iterative format is established by the finite element discretization and Newton-Raphson(NR)iterative methods.The correctness of the model is verified through the uniaxial compression physical experiments on fluid-pressurized rocks,and the limitations of the hydraulic fracture expansion phase-field model,which only considers mode I fractures,are revealed.In addition,the influence of matrix mode II fracture toughness value,natural fracture mode II toughness value,and fracturing fluid injection rate on the hydraulic fracture propagation in porous media with natural fractures is studied.

关键词： mixed-mode crack hydraulic fracturing poro-elasticity phase-field method(PFM)

Estimation of the amount of erosion at unconformities in the last stage of the Eocene Sanduo period in the Subei Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 383-388页

作者： Chen Liqiong Jiangsu oilfield company,sinopec,Jiangsu 225009,China Jiangsu oilfield company SINOPEC Jiangsu China

Strata erosion is a widespread phenomenon in sedimentary basins. The generation, migration, and accumulation of hydrocarbon is influenced by the scale of erosion, so estimating the amount of erosion is essential in the analysis of oil and gas bearing basins. According to the geological features in the Subei Basin and the actual data, using the integrated method, we estimated the level of erosion at the unconformities caused by the Sanduo event. By using the mudstone interval transit time method and the vitrinite reflectance method on data from typical wells, it can be concluded that the Gaoyou, Jinhu, and Hongze depressions suffered strong strata erosion from the late Eocene to Oligocene, and the total strata erosion thickness was 300–1,100 m. Different tectonic units in the same depression have extremely uneven erosion intensity: the low convex regions have the maximum erosion thickness, amounting to 800–1,100 m; the slope regions have an erosion thickness of generally 600–800 m; the erosion thickness of the slope-hollow transition zone is 300–500 m. For the whole basin, we used the strata thickness trend analysis method combined with the interval transit time and vitrinite reflectance methods to estimate the erosion thickness in the Sanduo period. The results show that the most severe erosion of the Sanduo event in the Subei Basin is between 1,000 m to 1,200 m, mainly located in depressions around the Jianhu Uplift; the deep hollow area has the least erosion, generally about 300–600 m, and the erosion in the slope area is about 600–900 m. Compared with the northern part, the southern part has relatively little erosion. It is also proved that the Sanduo movement has heterogeneous intensity, and the western region has greater intensity than the eastern region.

关键词： Unconformity estimation of erosion mudstone interval transit time method vitrinite reflectance method Subei Basin

Biological sources, paleoenvironment, and organic matter enrichment in source rocks of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin, China:Evidence from biomarkers,microfossils, and inorganic geochemical analyses

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 92-115页

作者： Jing-Jing Cao Wen-Zhe Gang Shang-Ru yang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Bejing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Bejing)Beijing 102249China Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute PetroChina Changqing Oifield CompanyXi'an 710018Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Carbonate deposits in the Ordovivian Majiagou Formation are significant source rocks for natural gas generation in the Ordos Basin, northwestern China. Previous studies mainly focused on the organic matter enrichment mechanism of shales rather than carbonate rocks. The biological sources and paleoenvironment of carbonate source rocks, and the main controlling factors of organic matter enrichment in the carbonate source rocks were studied in this paper in combination with evidence from biomarkers, microfossils and inorganic geochemistry analysis. The results show that four types of microfacies were identified in the Majiagou Formation, respectively as: mud flat microfacies, mud-dolomite flat microfacies, dolomite flat microfacies, and open marine microfacies. The biological sources of organic matter are chiefly planktonic algae, followed by bacteria. The mud flat and mud-dolomite flat contain a high abundance of terrigenous detrital inputs, as indicated by the high content of Al_(2)O_(3), TiO_(2), Th, and Zr. The low Sr/Cu and high Rb/Sr values reveal warm and humid paleoclimate conditions in the mud flat and mud-dolomite flat, whereas the dolomite flat and open marine were likely formed in hot and arid paleoclimate conditions. The mud flat and mud-dolomite flat deposits were characterized by high paleoproductivity of the Majiagou Formation. Low Sr/Ba values were found in the mud flat samples, indicating fresh to brackish water condition, whereas samples of other facies have a relatively high degree of salinity. Based on U_(auth), Mo_(auth), Cr_(auth), Co_(auth), δCe, and δEu values, the mud flat microfacies was formed in a suboxic and anoxic environment, whereas the mud-dolomite flat, dolomite flat and open marine microfacies were within dysoxic to oxic conditions. A model of organic matter enrichment in the Majiagou Formation is thus established. The level of terrigenous detrital inputs is the principal factor of organic matter enrichment in the Majiagou Formation, secondly are redox condition and then paleoprod

关键词： Biological source Microfacies Trace elements Organic matter Majiagou Formation Ordos Basin

Micromechanism and mathematical model of stress sensitivity in tight reservoirs of binary granular medium

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1780-1795页

作者： Jian-Bang Wu Sheng-Lai yang Qiang Li Kun yang Can Huang Dao-Ping Lv Wei Zhou State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Laboratoire de G eologie Ecole Normale Sup erieure/CNRS UMR8538 PSL Research University Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield Company

Research on reservoir rock stress sensitivity has traditionally focused on unary granular structures,neglecting the binary nature of real reservoirs, especially tight reservoirs. Understanding the stresssensitive behavior and mathematical characterization of binary granular media remains a challenging task. In this study, we conducted online-NMR experiments to investigate the permeability and porosity evolution as well as stress-sensitive control mechanisms in tight sandy conglomerate samples. The results revealed stress sensitivity coefficients between 0.042 and 0.098 and permeability damage rates ranging from 65.6% to 90.9%, with an average pore compression coefficient of 0.0168—0.0208 MPa 1.Pore-scale compression occurred in three stages: filling, compression, and compaction, with matrix pores playing a dominant role in pore compression. The stress sensitivity of binary granular media was found to be influenced by the support structure and particle properties. High stress sensitivity was associated with small fine particle size, high fines content, high uniformity coefficient of particle size,high plastic deformation, and low Young's modulus. Matrix-supported samples exhibited a high irreversible permeability damage rate(average = 74.2%) and stress sensitivity coefficients(average = 0.089),with pore spaces more slit-like. In contrast, grain-supported samples showed low stress sensitivity coefficients(average = 0.021) at high stress stages. Based on the experiments, we developed a mathematical model for stress sensitivity in binary granular media, considering binary granular properties and nested interactions using Hertz contact deformation and Poiseuille theory. By describing the change in activity content of fines under stress, we characterized the non-stationary state of compressive deformation in the binary granular structure and classified the reservoir into three categories. The model was applied for production prediction using actual data from the Mahu reservoir in China, showing that the energy retentio

关键词： Stress sensitivity Binary granular medium Tight reservoir Online-NMR Reservoir energy retention rate

Multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism for production optimization

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 366-383页

作者： Jia-Lin Wang Li-Ming Zhang Kai Zhang Jian Wang Jian-Ping Zhou Wen-Feng Peng Fa-Liang Yin Chao Zhong Xia Yan Pi-yang Liu Hua-Qing Zhang Yong-Fei yang Hai Sun School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao266580ShandongChina College of Science China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongChina Zepu Oil and Gas Development Department PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla841000XinjiangChina Hainan Branch of CNOOC Ltd Haikou70311HainanChina

Data-driven surrogate models that assist with efficient evolutionary algorithms to find the optimal development scheme have been widely used to solve reservoir production optimization problems.However,existing research suggests that the effectiveness of a surrogate model can vary depending on the complexity of the design problem.A surrogate model that has demonstrated success in one scenario may not perform as well in others.In the absence of prior knowledge,finding a promising surrogate model that performs well for an unknown reservoir is challenging.Moreover,the optimization process often relies on a single evolutionary algorithm,which can yield varying results across different cases.To address these limitations,this paper introduces a novel approach called the multi-surrogate framework with an adaptive selection mechanism(MSFASM)to tackle production optimization problems.MSFASM consists of two stages.In the first stage,a reduced-dimensional broad learning system(BLS)is used to adaptively select the evolutionary algorithm with the best performance during the current optimization period.In the second stage,the multi-objective algorithm,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),is used as an optimizer to find a set of Pareto solutions with good performance on multiple surrogate models.A novel optimal point criterion is utilized in this stage to select the Pareto solutions,thereby obtaining the desired development schemes without increasing the computational load of the numerical simulator.The two stages are combined using sequential transfer learning.From the two most important perspectives of an evolutionary algorithm and a surrogate model,the proposed method improves adaptability to optimization problems of various reservoir types.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,four 100-dimensional benchmark functions and two reservoir models are tested,and the results are compared with those obtained by six other surrogate-model-based methods.The results demonstrate that our approach can obtain th

关键词： Production optimization Multi-surrogate models Multi-evolutionary algorithms Dimension reduction Broad learning system

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济阳页岩油开发“三元”储渗理论技术与实践

石油勘探与开发 2024年第2期51卷 337-347页

作者：杨勇中国石化胜利油田分公司山东东营257000

基于济阳坳陷页岩油储层上万米岩心资料与60余口水平井的开发实践,提出济阳页岩油“储元”、“缝元”、“压元”的“三元”储渗理论。“三元”协同支撑济阳页岩油的富集高产:“储元”控制页岩油的富集,咸化湖盆无机孔-缝及灰-泥优质纹... 详细信息

基于济阳坳陷页岩油储层上万米岩心资料与60余口水平井的开发实践,提出济阳页岩油“储元”、“缝元”、“压元”的“三元”储渗理论。“三元”协同支撑济阳页岩油的富集高产:“储元”控制页岩油的富集,咸化湖盆无机孔-缝及灰-泥优质纹层组构发育利于页岩油储集,高生烃能力、高游离烃含量为高产提供物质基础;“缝元”控制页岩油的渗流,天然裂缝为页岩油的运移和聚集提供渗流通道,压裂改造缝沟通天然裂缝形成复杂缝网,为高产提供渗流基础;“压元”控制页岩油的高产稳产,高地层压力为油气运聚提供原始动力,压裂增能可进一步提高岩石及流体弹性能,强化孔缝原油渗吸置换,减缓应力敏感性,为长期稳产提供能量基础。基于“三元”储渗理论,形成了以立体井网优化、立体均衡压裂、全周期优化调控为核心的立体开发技术,有效指导了现场生产实施,为济阳页岩油规模化效益开发提供技术支撑。

关键词：济阳坳陷陆相页岩油储集空间压裂改造裂缝网络储渗理论立体开发高产稳产

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中国碳捕集、驱油与封存技术进展及发展方向

石油学报 2024年第1期45卷 325-338页

作者：杨勇中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司、山东省碳捕集利用与封存重点实验室(筹) 山东东营257000

CO_(2)捕集、驱油与封存(CCUS-EOR)在提高石油采收率的同时可以实现碳封存,对保障国家能源安全和实现"双碳"目标具有重要意义。通过梳理国内外CCUS-EOR的发展历程,系统阐述了CO_(2)捕集、驱油与封存等不同环节的技术进展及工程实践现状... 详细信息

CO_(2)捕集、驱油与封存(CCUS-EOR)在提高石油采收率的同时可以实现碳封存,对保障国家能源安全和实现"双碳"目标具有重要意义。通过梳理国内外CCUS-EOR的发展历程,系统阐述了CO_(2)捕集、驱油与封存等不同环节的技术进展及工程实践现状,指出了CCUS-EOR的下一步发展方向。针对CO_(2)捕集技术,分析了燃烧前、燃烧后、富氧燃烧和其他新型碳捕集技术的原理、技术特点以及应用场景,指出捕集成本高、工艺创新不足是制约CO_(2)捕集技术商业化进程的主要问题。剖析了中国CO_(2)驱油与封存从非混相驱、混相驱到高压混相驱的技术发展历程,创新发展了以提高原油混相程度和扩大波及为核心的陆相沉积油藏CO_(2)高压混相驱油与封存开发理念,形成了涵盖井网井距优化、水气交替、注采耦合和化学封窜的CO_(2)驱油与封存油藏工程设计技术,并形成了长距离管道输送、高效注入和安全监测等相关配套技术。针对中国CCUS-EOR发展过程中面临的挑战和重大技术需求,提出大力发展CO_(2)低浓度气源高效低能耗捕集技术、CO_(2)驱油与封存一体化优化关键配套技术、CO_(2)排放源与含油气盆地源汇匹配优化技术和CCUS全链条产业化集群化体系建设的攻关方向,从而为CCUS-EOR实现大规模商业化应用提供支撑。

关键词：碳捕集驱油与封存技术进展示范工程产业化

Characteristics of proppant transport and placement within rough hydraulic fractures

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2024年第2期51卷 453-463页

作者： HUANG Hai ZHENG Yong WANG Yi WANG Haizhu NI Jun WANG Bin yang Bing ZHANG Wentong School of Petroleum Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery Xi’an 710075China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Well and Reservoir Seepage and Rock Mechanics Xi’an 710065China Oil&Gas Field Production Construction Division PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla 841000China National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710075China

A three-dimensional reconstruction of rough fracture surfaces of hydraulically fractured rock outcrops is carried out by casting process,a large-scale experimental setup for visualizing rough fractures is built to perform proppant transport experiments.The typical characteristics of proppant transport and placement in rough fractures and its intrinsic mechanisms are investigated,and the influences of fracture inclination,fracture width and fracturing fluid viscosity on proppant transport and placement in rough fractures are analyzed.The results show that the rough fractures cause variations in the shape of the flow channel and the fluid flow pattern,resulting in the bridging buildup during proppant transport to form unfilled zone,the emergence of multiple complex flow patterns such as channeling,reverse flow and bypassing of sand-carrying fluid,and the influence on the stability of the sand dune.The proppant has a higher placement rate in inclined rough fractures,with a maximum increase of 22.16 percentage points in the experiments compared to vertical fractures,but exhibits poor stability of the sand dune.Reduced fracture width aggravates the bridging of proppant and induces higher pumping pressure.Increasing the viscosity of the fracturing fluid can weaken the proppant bridging phenomenon caused by the rough fractures.

关键词： reservoir fracturing rough fracture proppant transport and placement characteristics bridging buildup

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储层流动单元模式及剩余油分布规律

石油学报 2003年第3期24卷 52-55页

作者：李阳中石化胜利油田有限责任公司山东东营257000

依据胜利油区河流和三角洲储层的岩性、物性、微观特征、渗流参数和动态信息 ,分别将该油区两种储层流动单元分为 4类 ,建立了河流和三角洲流动单元模式。其中 ,流动单元E的储层物性最好 ,流动单元G、M为最佳储层和产层 ,流动单元P的物... 详细信息

依据胜利油区河流和三角洲储层的岩性、物性、微观特征、渗流参数和动态信息 ,分别将该油区两种储层流动单元分为 4类 ,建立了河流和三角洲流动单元模式。其中 ,流动单元E的储层物性最好 ,流动单元G、M为最佳储层和产层 ,流动单元P的物性最差。在特高含水期 ,流动单元G、M内剩余油相对富集 ,宏观剩余油多富集在流动单元接合部位、隔夹层处 ;对于河流相储层剩余油多在韵律层上部富集 ;对于三角洲相储层多在韵律层下部富集。微观剩余油形式多样 ,有孤滴、薄膜、网状、斑状和连片状等 5种类型。

关键词：储层流动单元剩余油分布河流相三角洲相胜利油区