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Foundation models meet visualizations: Challenges and opportunities

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 399-424页

作者： Weikai yang Mengchen Liu zheng Wang Shixia Liu School of Software Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Microsoft Redmond 98052USA

Recent studies have indicated that foundation models, such as BERT and GPT, excel atadapting to various downstream tasks. This adaptability has made them a dominant force in buildingartificial intelligence (AI) systems. Moreover, a newresearch paradigm has emerged as visualizationtechniques are incorporated into these models. Thisstudy divides these intersections into two researchareas: visualization for foundation model (VIS4FM)and foundation model for visualization (FM4VIS).In terms of VIS4FM, we explore the primary roleof visualizations in understanding, refining, and evaluating these intricate foundation models. VIS4FMaddresses the pressing need for transparency, explainability, fairness, and robustness. Conversely, in termsof FM4VIS, we highlight how foundation models canbe used to advance the visualization field itself. Theintersection of foundation models with visualizations ispromising but also introduces a set of challenges. Byhighlighting these challenges and promising opportunities, this study aims to provide a starting point forthe continued exploration of this research avenue.

关键词： visualization artificial intelligence(AI) machine learning foundation models visualization for foundation model(VIS4FM) foundation model for visualization(FM4VIS)

Raising New Hope for Controlling Seizures in Focal Cortical Dysplasia with Gene Therapy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第7期40卷 1028-1030页

作者： Yuanzhi yang yang zheng Zhong Chen Cenglin Xu Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXinhua Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou310053China

Focal cortical dysplasia(FCD)is characterized by abnormal cortical development and pharmacoresistant epilepsy,often accompanied by cognitive and behavioral malfunctions[1].According to the International League against Epilepsy(ILAE)classification proposed by Najm,Imad et *** 2022,FCD can be further divided into isolated forms(FCD type Ⅰ and Ⅱ)and another type associated with a principal lesion(FCD type Ⅲ)[2].

关键词： epilepsy al. Therapy

The Application of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Small Electrical Time Constant in Fiber Positioner

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 212-222页

作者： Shaoxiong Guo Yan yang Yanbin yin Yihu Tang yang Tian Chao Zhai Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Experiment Center of Engineering and Material Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

With the development of cutting-edge multi-object spectrographs,fiber positioners located in the focal plane are being scaled down in size,and miniature hollow-cup Permanent Magnet motors are now being considered as a suitable replacement for Faulhaber Precistep stepper ***,the small electrical time constant of such coreless motors poses a challenge,as the problem of severe commutation torque ripple in a fiber positioner running a position loop has been *** overcome this challenge,it is advised to increase the Pulse Width Modulation(PWM)frequency as much as possible to mitigate the effects of the current *** must be done while ensuring adequate resolution of the PWM *** employing a voltage open-loop field-oriented control based on a modulation frequency of 1 MHz,the drive current only costs 25 m A under a 3.3 V power *** sine degree of phase current is immaculate,and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach 2μ***,it is possible to further shrink the bill of devices and the layout area of the Printed Circuit Board,especially in sizesensitive *** device has been developed under the new generation of The Large Sky Area MultiObject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope.

关键词： instrumentation:adaptive optics instrumentation:spectrographs proper motions reference systems

Intensifying electrified flow-through water treatment technologies via local environment modification

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 17-25页

作者： zheng-yang Huo Xiaoxiong Wang Xia Huang Menachem Elimelech School of Environment and Natural Resources Institute of Ecological CivilizationRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Institute for Ocean Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520-8286USA

Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water *** flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the limitations induced by mass transport for efficient contaminant *** the local environment of the flow-through electrodes offers opportunities to further improve the reaction kinetics and selectivity for achieving near-complete removal of these contaminants from ***,we present state-of-the-art local environment modification approaches that can be incorporated into electrified flow-through technologies to intensify water *** first show methods of nanospace incorporation,local geometry adjustment,and microporous structure optimization that can induce spatial confinement,enhanced local electric field,and microperiodic vortex,respectively,for local environment *** then discuss why local environment modification can complement the flow-through electrodes for improving the reaction rate and ***,we outline appropriate scenarios of intensifying electrified flow-through technologies through local environment modification for fit-for-purpose water treatment applications.

关键词： Point-of-use water treatment Electrified membrane Advection-enhanced mass transport Water decontamination and disinfection Emerging contaminants

Constructing Lithium-Free Anode/Separator Interface via 3D Carbon Fabric Scaffold for Ultrasafe Lithium Metal Batteries

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 359-368页

作者： Dongdong Li Shengchen yang Zijian zheng Wen-Yong Lai State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(SKLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM)School of Chemistry and Life SciencesNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing 210023China Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University1 Xueshi RoadHuzhou 313000China Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices School of Fashion and TextilesDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyResearch Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems(RI-IWEAR)Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China

Metallic lithium represents a promising anode candidate to be utilized in future high-energy lithium ***,the undesirable dendrite growth and fragile solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)pose critical challenge for pursuing further practical *** contrast to traditional approaches of using inert/lithiophilicity coating,here,we demonstrate a reverse strategy of introducing a highly conductive and lithophobic carbon fabric(CF)scaffold on lithium foil to guide a favorable nucleation site of lithium far away from the anode/separator *** CF scaffold with high conductivity can couple with inner electric field for achieving a uniform distribution of the lithium-ion flux,while the lithophobic feature offers the condition to guide the preferred deposition of lithium onto the underlying lithium foil,which greatly reduces the risk of dendrite-induced short ***,the SEI immersed in the CF scaffold is well supported by CF fibers and therefore exhibits extremely high stability during charge–discharge *** a result,the lithium/CF anodes show>2,000-h stable cycling at 0.5 mA cm−*** metal batteries equipped with our lithium/CF anode deliver a high capacity retention of~99.99%per cycle,i.e.,retain~97.3%capacity after 200 *** unique interface-regulation strategy is versatile for various conductive scaffolds(e.g.,ultrathin and ultralight conductive fabrics),exhibiting high superiority for highly safe lithium metal batteries.

关键词： lithium equipped versatile

Fine classification of rice paddy using multitemporal compact polarimetric SAR C band data based on machine learning methods

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 30-43页

作者： Xianyu GUO Junjun yin Kun LI Jian yang Huimin ZOU Fukun yang School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Rice is an important food crop for human *** distinguishing different varieties and sowing methods of rice on a large scale can provide more accurate information for rice growth monitoring,yield estimation,and phenological monitoring,which has significance for the development of modern *** polarimetric(CP)synthetic aperture radar(SAR)provides multichannel information and shows great potential for rice monitoring and ***,the use of machine learning methods to build classification models is a controversial *** this paper,the advantages of CP SAR data,the powerful learning ability of machine learning,and the important factors of the rice growth cycle were taken into account to achieve high-precision and fine classification of rice ***,CP SAR data were simulated by using the seven temporal RADARSAT-2 C-band data ***,20-two CP SAR parameters were extracted from each of the seven temporal CP SAR data *** addition,we fully considered the change degree of CP SAR parameters on a time scale(ΔCP_(DoY)).Six machine learning methods were employed to carry out the fine classification of rice *** results show that the classification methods of machine learning based on multitemporal CP SAR data can obtain better results in the fine classification of rice paddies by considering the parameters ofΔCP_(DoY).The overall accuracy is greater than 95.05%,and the Kappa coefficient is greater than *** them,the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)achieve the best results,with an overall accuracy reaching 97.32%and 97.37%,respectively,and Kappa coefficient values reaching 0.965 and 0.966,*** the two types of rice paddies,the average accuracy of the transplant hybrid(T-H)rice paddy is greater than 90.64%,and the highest accuracy is 95.95%.The average accuracy of direct-sown japonica(D-J)rice paddy is greater than 92.57%,and the highest accuracy is 96.13%.

关键词： compact polarimetric(CP)SAR rice paddy machine learning fine classification multitemporal

Mars exploration——In situ K-Ar dating of jarosite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 641-656页

作者： Jing yang Dewen zheng ying WU Hong CHEN Li yang Bin ZHANG Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China Institute of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029Chin

To accurately determine the chronological framework of climatic variations recorded by various Martian terrains, the absolute ages of Martian events and cratering rate need to be constrained by either in situ dating or returned samples. In situ K-Ar dating is currently a more plausible dating technique as compared with sample return. Jarosite(KFe_(3)[SO_(4)]_(2)[OH]_(6)) is the only confirmed K sulfate mineral that is widely present on Mars, as indicated by in situ detection, orbital remote sensing, and meteorite studies. Jarosite can be used for precise K-Ar and (40)Ar/(39)Ar dating. The preservation of jarosite on Mars provides information about the nature and duration of aqueous processes on the Martian surface. Different ages of Martian jarosite represent the key to constraining the transition from Martian surface water activity to arid climatic conditions. This paper summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of the spatial distribution of Martian jarosite, its mineralogical properties and stability on Mars, the Ar diffusion kinetics of jarosite, and the current status of in situ K-Ar dating. Moreover, we examine the key scientific issues to be addressed for in situ K-Ar dating of jarosite and Martian sample return missions, and discuss future research directions.

关键词： Mars Jarosite In situ K-Ar dating Ar diffusion Stability

Apigenin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in C57BL/6J mice by inactivating STAT3 and NF-κB

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 211-224页

作者： Xianshe Meng Shihong zheng Zequn yin Xuerui Wang Daigang yang Tingfeng Zou Huaxin Li Yuanli Chen Chenzhong Liao Zhouling Xie Xiaodong Fan Jihong Han Yajun Duan Xiaoxiao yang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes College of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China Tianjin Key Laboratory of human Development and Reproductive Regulation Department of General GynecologyTianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and ObstetricsTianjin 300100China Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the *** is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key ***(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory ***,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse *** results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic *** differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated ***,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A ***,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)***,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κ*** together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.

关键词： Psoriasis Apigenin Imiquimod Inflammation Signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)

Enhancing crystal integrity and structural rigidity of CsPbBr_(3) nanoplatelets to achieve a narrow colorsaturated blue emission

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 985-997页

作者： Qianqian Huang Wenxu yin Bo Gao Qingsen Zeng Dong Yao Hao Zhang yinghe Zhao Weijia zheng Jiaqi Zhang Xuyong yang Xiaoyu Zhang Andrey L.Rogach Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE School of Materials Science&Engineeringand Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy MaterialsJilin UniversityChangchunChina. State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchunChina. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina. Department of Chemistry University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada. Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics(CFP)City University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.RChina

Quantum-confined CsPbBr_(3) perovskites are promising blue emitters for ultra-high-definition displays,but their soft lattice caused by highly ionic nature has a limited ***,we endow CsPbBr_(3) nanoplatelets(NPLs)with atomic crystal-like structural rigidity through proper surface engineering,by using strongly bound N-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid(DBSA).A stable,rigid crystal structure,as well as uniform,orderly-arranged surface of these NPLs is achieved by optimizing intermediate reaction stage,by switching from molecular clusters to mono-octahedra,while interaction with DBSA resulted in formation of a Cs_(x)O monolayer shell capping the NPL *** a result,both structural and optical stability of the CsPbBr3 NPLs is enhanced by strong covalent bonding of DBSA,which inhibits undesired phase transitions and decomposition of the perovskite phase potentially caused by ligand ***,rather small amount of DBSA ligands at the NPL surface results in a short inter-NPL spacing in their closely-packed films,which facilitates efficient charge injection and *** photoluminescence of the produced CsPbBr_(3) NPLs is bright(nearly unity emission quantum yield)and peaks at 457 nm with an extremely narrow bandwidth of 3.7 nm at 80 K,while the bandwidth of the electroluminescence(peaked at 460 nm)also reaches a record-narrow value of 15 nm at room *** value corresponds to the CIE coordinates of(0.141,0.062),which meets Rec.2020 standards for ultra-high-definition displays.

关键词： temperature stability narrow