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资助机构负责任研究的价值导向对科研不端行为的影响研究

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中国科学基金 2024年第2期38卷 335-342页

作者：高天晓詹琰中国科学院大学人文学院北京100049 国家自然科学基金委员会科学传播与成果转化中心北京100085

目前科研诚信问题已跨越科学共同体边界,成为广受关注的社会性议题,而在全球范围内科研资助制度与科研诚信密切相关。本研究以国家自然科学基金为例,在负责任研究理念下综合科学越轨理论和强化理论,将负责任研究理念、失信惩戒强度引入... 详细信息

目前科研诚信问题已跨越科学共同体边界,成为广受关注的社会性议题,而在全球范围内科研资助制度与科研诚信密切相关。本研究以国家自然科学基金为例,在负责任研究理念下综合科学越轨理论和强化理论,将负责任研究理念、失信惩戒强度引入科研不端治理效果研究,考虑了年度论文发表规模、期刊影响力、论文撤销时滞、论文国际合作程度因素的影响,探讨了科研资助机构负责任研究的价值导向对科研不端行为的影响,实证结果发现科研资助机构失信惩戒强度与科研不端行为呈负相关,论文撤销时滞均对科研不端行为产生负向影响,且发挥着中介作用。研究发现对默顿科学越轨理论观点的实证支持和发展,通过此研究亦可以反思我国科技创新政策背后的价值导向。

关键词：负责任研究科研不端科研资助机构科学基金论文撤稿

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Sub-syndromal Delirium in Patients after Cardiac Surgery

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Medicinal Plant 2024年第1期15卷 62-65,78页

作者： Baoyi yanG Longti LI Na WANG yan zhan Lei CAO Rong WANG Department of Intensive Care Unit Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with SSD in patients following cardiac surgery.[Methods]A total of 378 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in Taihe Hospital were recruited and *** of delirium was made using evaluation methods and DSM-5 *** was defined as the presence of one or more core features of delirium without meeting the full diagnostic *** analysis included independent samples t-test for group comparisons and binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for SSD after cardiac surgery.[Results]Among the 378 subjects,112(29.63%)had SSD,28(7.41%)had delirium,and the remaining 238 patients(62.96%)did not present with *** analysis revealed that age,APACHE II score,duration of aortic clamping,length of ICU stay,duration of sedation use,and daily sleep time were significant risk factors for the occurrence of SSD(P70 years old,APACHE II score>20 points,length of ICU stay>5 d,and duration of sedation use>24 h as independent risk factors for SSD after cardiac surgery(P<0.05).A functional model was fitted based on the analysis results of the binary logistic regression model,yielding the equation logit P=1.472X_(1)+2.213X_(2)+3.028X_(3)+1.306X_(4).[Conclusions]Comprehensive clinical assessment is crucial for patients undergoing cardiac surgery,and appropriate preventive measures should be taken for patients with identified risk *** monitoring of the patient s consciousness should be implemented postoperatively,and timely interventions should be *** research should focus on model validation and optimization.

关键词： Subsyndromal delirium Cardiac surgery Patient Confusion assessment method for intensive care units version(CAM-ICU)

A review of the catalytic preparation of mesophase pitch

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2024年第4期39卷 583-610页

作者： MA Zi-hui yanG Tao SONG yan CHEN Wen-sheng DUAN Chun-feng SONG Huai-he TIAN Xiao-dong GONG Xiang-jie LIU Zheng-yang LIU zhan-jun CAS Key Laboratory for Carbon Materials Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Material Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance car-bon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic polycondensation at low temperat-ures is more favorable for synthesizing mesophase pitch, because it circumvents the high-temperature free radical reaction of other thermal polycondensation approaches. The reaction is gentle and can be easily controlled. It has the potential to significantly im-prove the yield of mesophase pitch and easily introduce naphthenic characteristics into the molecules, catalytic polycondensation is therefore a preferred method of synthesizing highly spinnable mesophase pitch. This review provides a synopsis of the selective pre-treatment of the raw materials to prepare different mesophase pitches, and explains the reaction mechanism and associated research advances for different catalytic systems in recent years. Finally, how to manufacture high-quality mesophase pitch by using a cata-lyst-promoter system is summarized and proposed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the future design of high-quality pitch molecules.

关键词： Mesophase pitch Catalytic polycondensation Lewis-acid Brønsted acid Catalyst-promoter system

维普期刊数据库

Reference values of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults based on ultrasound radio frequency signal: A nationwide, multicenter study

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第15期137卷 1802-1810页

作者： Xing Changyang Xie Xiujing Wu Yu Xu Lei Guan Xiangping Li Fan zhan Xiaojun yang Hengli Li Jinsong Zhou Qi Mu Yuming Zhou Qing Ding Yunchuan Wang Yingli Wang Xiangzhu Zheng Yu Sun Xiaofeng Li Hua zhang Chaoxue Zhao Cheng Qiu Shaodong yan Guozhen yang Hong Mao Yinjuan zhan Weiwei Ma Chunyan Gu Ying Chen Wu Xie Mingxing Jiang Tianan Yuan Lijun Department of Ultrasound Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Ultrasound Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China Department of Ultrasound Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China Department of Ultrasound Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xi’an Shaanxi China Ultrasound Medical Diagnosis Center Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Ultrasound Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Ultrasound Xi’an No. Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi’an Medical College Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Ultrasound Xi’an Gem Flower ChangQing Hospital Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Ultrasound The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University China Xi’an Shaanxi China Department of Echocardiography First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China Department of Ultrasound Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China Department of Ultrasound Yan’an Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan China Department of Ultrasound Yan’an University Xianyang Hospital Xianyang Shaanxi China Department of Function Examination Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital Beijing China Department of Ultrasound Xi’an Central Hospital Xi’an Shaanxi China Cadre’s Wards Ultrasound Department Diagnostic Ultrasound Center First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China Department of Echocardiography Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China Department of Ultrasound First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter, stiffness, and wave reflections, are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical ***: A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults (1922 women) aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022. The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency (RF) ultrasound system. The IMT, diameter, compliance coefficient, β stiffness, local pulse wave velocity (PWV), local systolic blood pressure, augmented pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx) were then automatically measured and reported. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions. The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and analyses of ***: All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories. Women showed thinner IMT, smaller carotid diameter, larger AP, and AIx than men. The β stiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties, but the differences reversed after that. The increase rate of carotid IMT (5.5 μm/year in women and 5.8 μm/year in men) and diameter (0.03 mm/year in both men and women) were similar between men and women. For the stiffness and wave reflections, women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes (allP for age by sex interaction <0.05). The blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants o

关键词： Intima-media thickness Arterial stiffness Reference values Ultrasound radio frequency signal Wave reflections

The BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 resets tumor-associated macrophages toward the M1 phenotype,promoting a favorable response to anti-PD-1 therapy via NLRP3 activation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第1期21卷 60-79页

作者： Fan Luo Han Li Wenjuan Ma Jiaxin Cao Qun Chen Feiteng Lu Miaozhen Qiu Penghui Zhou Zengfei Xia Kangmei Zeng Jianhua zhan Ting Zhou Qiuyun Luo Wentao Pan Lin zhang Chaozhuo Lin yan Huang Li zhang Dajun yang Hongyun Zhao State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapyGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina Ascentage Pharma(Suzhou)Co Ltd 218 Xinghu StreetSuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

The main challenges in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are ascribed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the lack of sufficient infiltration of activated CD8+T *** the tumor microenvironment(TME)from“cold”to“hot”and thus more likely to potentiate the effects of ICIs is a promising strategy for cancer *** found that the selective BCL-2 inhibitor APG-2575 can enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in syngeneic and humanized CD34+mouse *** single-cell RNA sequencing,we found that APG-2575 polarized M2-like immunosuppressive macrophages toward the M1-like immunostimulatory phenotype with increased CCL5 and CXCL10 secretion,restoring T-cell function and promoting a favorable immunotherapy ***,we demonstrated that APG-2575 directly binds to NF-κB p65 to activate NLRP3 signaling,thereby mediating macrophage repolarization and the activation of proinflammatory caspases and subsequently increasing CCL5 and CXCL10 chemokine *** a result,APG-2575-induced macrophage repolarization could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment,thus improving tumor immunosuppression and further enhancing antitumor T-cell *** immunohistochemistry confirmed that patients with better immunotherapeutic efficacy had higher CD86,p-NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 levels,accompanied by lower CD206 expression on ***,these data provide evidence that further study on APG-2575 in combination with immunotherapy for tumor treatment is required.

关键词： BCL-2 APG-2575 ICIs Macrophages NLRP3

Comprehensive analysis of gene mutations and mismatch repair in Chinese colorectal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2673-2682页

作者： Huang Chen Rui-Ying Jiang zhan Hua Xiao-Wei Wang Xiao-Li Shi Ye Wang Qian-Qian Feng Jie Luo Wu Ning yan-Fen Shi Da-Kui zhang Bei Wang Jian-Zheng Jie Ding-Rong Zhong Department of Pathology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Scientific Research GeneisBeijing 100012China

BACKGROUND RAS,BRAF,and mismatch repair(MMR)/microsatellite instability(MSI)are crucial biomarkers recommended by clinical practice guidelines for colorectal cancer(CRC).However,their characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese patients have not been thoroughly *** To analyze the clinicopathological features of KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations and the DNA MMR status in *** We enrolled 2271 Chinese CRC patients at the China-Japan Friendship *** proteins were tested using immunohistochemical analysis,and the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations were determined using quantitative polymerase chain *** status was determined using an MSI detection *** analyses were conducted using SPSS software and logistic *** The KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 44.6%,3.4%,3.7%,and 3.9% of CRC patients,*** mutations were more likely to occur in patients with moderate-to-high *** mutations were more likely to occur in patients with right-sided CRC,poorly differentiated,or no perineural *** MMR(dMMR)was detected in 7.9% of all patients and 16.8% of those with mucinous ***,NRAS,BRAF,and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 29.6%,1.1%,8.1%,and 22.3% of patients with dMMR,*** dMMR was more likely to occur in patients with a family history of CRC,aged<50 years,right-sided CRC,poorly differentiated histology,no perineural invasion,and with carcinoma in situ,stage I,or stage II *** This study analyzed the molecular profiles of KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,PIK3CA,and MMR/MSI in CRC,identifying key influencing factors,with implications for clinical management of CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Deficient mismatch repair Microsatellite instability Gene mutation Comprehensive analysis

A comparative study of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on postoperative anal function of lower rectal cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3491-3496页

作者： zhan-Lun Liu Yi-Wei He yan-Feng Liu Ni Wang Wei Li Li-Zhong Shen Department of Digestive Surgery Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang 050000Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND From the anal function,inflammatory response and other indicators,acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics was applied to patients with cancer undergoing low resection,aiming to improve the prognosis of *** To explore the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on anal function after lower rectal cancer *** From January 2020 to December 2022,128 patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery in the Department of Oncology of Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 64 patients in each *** in the control group were not treated with acupuncture or rehabilitation gymnastics and served as blank *** in the study group were treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation gymnastics from the 7th postoperative *** anal incontinence scores,changes in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels,and serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were *** There were no significant differences in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were better than those of the control group(P0.05).Anal incontinence scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 14 d,21 d,and 28 d postoperatively(P0.05).After treatment,these levels were higher in the study group than in the control group,and vasoactive intestinal peptide level was lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnas

关键词： Low rectal cancer Anal function Acupuncture Rehabilitation gymnastics

基于近红外光谱特征的冷冻小龙虾鲜度快速检测方法

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食品科学 2024年第2期45卷 299-307页

作者：占可陈季旺徐言倪杨帆刘言邹圣碧武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院湖北武汉430023 农产品加工与转化湖北省重点实验室(武汉轻工大学) 湖北武汉430023 国家小龙虾加工技术研发分中心(潜江) 湖北潜江433100 武汉农业检测中心湖北武汉430016

为建立快速检测冷冻小龙虾鲜度的近红外光谱模型,采集解冻的小龙虾虾尾、虾仁及虾糜的近红外光谱,分别利用一阶导数、多元散射校正、小波变换(wavelet transform,WT)和标准正态变换进行预处理,并利用偏最小二乘(partial least squares,P... 详细信息

为建立快速检测冷冻小龙虾鲜度的近红外光谱模型,采集解冻的小龙虾虾尾、虾仁及虾糜的近红外光谱,分别利用一阶导数、多元散射校正、小波变换(wavelet transform,WT)和标准正态变换进行预处理,并利用偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)与卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)算法将预处理前后的光谱数据分别与总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量关联,构建定量预测模型并比较建模效果,选取较佳模型,探究模型预测准确度和适用性。结果显示,预处理方法明显影响了建立模型的精度,光谱经预处理建立的CNN模型与PLS模型相比,具备更好地预测小龙虾TVB-N含量的能力。其中,虾仁光谱经WT预处理建立的CNN模型对验证集的预测准确度最高,校正集与验证集的相关系数分别为0.97、0.96,校正集与验证集的均方根误差分别为1.26、0.93mg/100g。近红外光谱的准确度、精密度与灵敏度均在合理范围内,方法学验证结果良好。综合考虑实际应用中快速、准确、低损伤等需求,确定WT-CNN-虾仁模型为预测冷冻小龙虾中TVB-N含量的最优模型。这些结果表明,WT-CNN-虾仁模型在预测冷冻小龙虾TVB-N含量、快速评价新鲜度方面具有巨大潜力。

关键词：近红外光谱小龙虾总挥发性盐基氮快速检测卷积神经网络小波变换

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Evaluating the clinical application and effect of acupuncture therapy in anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer surgery

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3476-3481页

作者： Li-Zhong Shen Wei Li zhan-Lun Liu Ni Wang yan-Feng Liu Ling-Ling Miao Department of Digestive Surgery Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang 050000Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND According to the indexes of serum and anal function,acupuncture therapy was applied to patients with low rectal cancer in order to avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence and reduce *** To explore the clinical application and evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy for anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer *** From the anorectal surgery cases,we selected 120 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between January 2020 and December 2022 and randomly divided them into a control group(n=60),observation group(n=60),and control group after surgery for lifestyle intervention(including smoking cessation and exercise),dietary factor adjustment,anal movement,and oral loperamide *** serum levels of motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),Wexner score for anal incontinence,and incidence of complications were compared between *** After treatment,the VIP and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The motilin level was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Postoperative anal incontinence was better in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was 6.67%,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(21.67%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture therapy has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of anal function after low-tension rectal cancer surgery;it can effectively help to improve the serum indices of patients,avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence,and reduce the incidence of *** and applying it will be valuable.

关键词： Acupuncture therapy Low pull rectal cancer Anal function rehabilitation Serum indicator Wexner score