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Adaptive Photon Mapping Based on Gradient

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2016年第1期31卷 217-224页

作者： Chun-Meng Kang Lu Wang yan-ning xu Xiang-xu Meng Yuan- Jie Song School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University Jinan 252000 China Engineering Research Center of Digital Media Technology Ministry of Education Jinan 252000 China

Photon mapping can simulate some special effects efficiently such as shadows and caustics. Photon mapping runs in two phases： the photon map generating phase and the radiance estimation phase. In this paper, we focus on the bandwidth selection process in the second phase, as it can affect the final quality significantly. Poor results with noise arise if few photons are collected, while bias appears if a large number of photons are collected. In order to solve this issue, we propose an adaptive radiance estimation solution to obtain trade-offs between noise and bias by changing the number of neighboring photons and the shape of the collected area according to the radiance gradient. Our approach can be applied in both the direct and the indirect illumination computation. Finally, experimental results show that our approach can produce smoother quality while keeping the high frequency features perfectly compared with the original photon mapping algorithm.

关键词： photo-realistic rendering global illumination photon mapping radiance estimation

Denoising Stochastic Progressive Photon Mapping Renderings Using a Multi-Residual Network

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第3期35卷 506-521页

作者： Zheng Zeng Lu Wang Bei-Bei Wang Chun-Meng Kang yan-ning xu School of Software Shandong UniversityJinan 250101China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China

Stochastic progressive photon mapping(SPPM)is one of the important global illumination methods in computer *** can simulate caustics and specular-diffuse-specular lighting effects ***,as a biased method,it always suffers from both bias and variance with limited iterations,and the bias and the variance bring multi-scale noises into SPPM *** learning-based methods have shown great advantages on denoising unbiased Monte Carlo(MC)methods,but have not been leveraged for biased *** this paper,we present the first learning-based method specially designed for denoising-biased SPPM ***,to avoid conflicting denoising constraints,the radiance of final images is decomposed into two components:caustic and *** two components are then denoised separately via a two-network *** each network,we employ a novel multi-residual block with two sizes of filters,which significantly improves the model’s capabilities,and makes it more suitable for multi-scale noises on both low-frequency and high-frequency *** also present a series of photon-related auxiliary features,to better handle noises while preserving illumination details,especially *** with other state-of-the-art learning-based denoising methods that we apply to this problem,our method shows a higher denoising quality,which could efficiently denoise multi-scale noises while keeping sharp illuminations.

关键词： denoising stochastic progressive photon mapping(SPPM) deep learning residual neural network

A Tiny Example Based Procedural Model for Real-Time Glinty Appearance Rendering

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 771-784页

作者： You-Xin Xing Hao-Wen Tan yan-ning xu Lu Wang School of Software Shandong UniversityJinan 250101China NetEase(Hangzhou)Network Co. LtdHangzhou 310052China

The glinty details from complex microstructures significantly enhance rendering ***,the previous methods use high-resolution normal maps to define each micro-geometry,which requires huge memory *** paper observes that many self-similarity materials have independent structural characteristics,which we define as tiny example *** propose a procedural model to represent microstructures implicitly by performing spatial transformations and spatial distribution on tiny ***,we precompute normal distribution functions(NDFs)by 4D Gaussians for tiny examples and store them in multi-scale NDF *** with a tiny example based NDF evaluation method,complex glinty surfaces can be rendered simply by texture *** experimental results show that our tiny example based the microstructure rendering method is GPU-friendly,successfully reproducing high-frequency reflection features of different microstructures in real time with low memory and computational overhead.

关键词： real-time rendering reflectance modeling glinty material photorealistic rendering microstructure

Relationship between reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit p22phox gene polymorphism and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in the Chinese Han population

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第12期122卷 1369-1374页

作者： LIU Hui-guo LIU Kui ZHOU yan-ning xu Yong-jian Department of Respiratory Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Ministry of Health Wuhan Hubei 430030 China

Background Increased production of reactive oxygen species （ROS） is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase complex is an important source of ROS. The p22phox subunit is polymorphic with a C242T variant that changes histidine-72 for a tyrosine in the potential heme binding site. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox gene polymorphism and OSAHS. Methods The genotypes of p22phox polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms （PCR-RFLP） assay in 176 unrelated subjects of the Han population in southern region of China （including 107 OSAHS subjects and 69 non-OSAHS subjects）, while the plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase （SOD） was detected in the two groups, and p22phox mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell （PBMC） was determined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results The phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox mRNA expression was significantly increased in the OSAHS group than that in the non-OSAHS group （P 〈0.01）. Compared with the non-OSAHS control group （（85.31±9.23） U/ml）, the levels of SOD were lower in patients with OSAHS （（59.65±11.61） U/ml （P 〈0.01）. There were significant differences in genotypes distribution in p22phox polymorphism between the two groups （P=0.02）. Compared with the non-OSAHS control group, the OSAHS group had a significantly higher T allele frequency in p22phox polymorphism （P=0.03）. There were independent effects of p22phox polymorphism on body mass index （BMI）, neck circumference （NC）, waist-to-hip ratio （WHR） in the OSAHS group, and the carriers of the T allele of p22phox polymorphism had greater NC, WHR, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） and apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）（P 〈0.05）, but the carriers of the T allele had lower SOD

关键词： obstructive sleep apnea syndrome reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase p22phox gene polymorphism

The pivotal role of microglia in injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1829-1848页

作者： Wenjing ning Shi Lv Qian Wang Yuzhen xu Department of Rehabilitation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina Department of Central Laboratory The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianShandong ProvinceChina

Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter ***,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective *** evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid ***,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid *** approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage *** provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid ***,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still *** review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter *** also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid ***,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese ***,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory *** clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemor

关键词： apoptosis blood–brain barrier brain edema microglia neuroinflammation neuron neuroprotection subarachnoid hemorrhage vasoconstriction white matter injury

Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai xu Zhen Gu Hua yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 372-375页

作者： Shuai xu Youdi Zhang yanna Sun Pei Cheng Zhaoyang Yao ning Li Long Ye Lijian Zuo Ke Gao Key Laboratory of Advanced Green Functional Materials College of ChemistryChangchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237People’s Republic of China College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‑Organic Chemistry Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsRenewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer *** optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture *** approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Additive-assisted layer-by-layer processing Three-dimensional fibril morphology Bulk p-i-n structure Optical management

Recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 alleviates learning and memory impairments via M2 microglia polarization in postoperative cognitive dysfunction mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2727-2736页

作者： Yujia Liu xue Han yan Su Yiming Zhou Minhui xu Jiyan xu Zhengliang Ma Xiaoping Gu Tianjiao Xia Department of Anesthesiology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Medical School Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of *** date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive *** identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future *** identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial *** dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub ***,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re *** were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning *** addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western *** with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expr

关键词： Chil1 hippocampus learning and memory M2 microglia neuroinflammation postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) recombinant CHI3L1

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真空预压负压分布规律模型试验研究

岩土工程学报 2017年第10期39卷 1874-1883页

作者：姜彦彬何宁许滨华周彦章张中流南京水利科学研究院岩土工程研究所江苏南京210029

负压分布规律是真空预压机理研究的重要课题。通过讨论真空预压负压空间分布特点及负压相关概念,广义地定义了负压,分析了负压的测量方法及影响因素。设计高15.0 m的竖向大比尺室内模型,开展真空预压负压分布规律试验研究。试验结果表明... 详细信息

负压分布规律是真空预压机理研究的重要课题。通过讨论真空预压负压空间分布特点及负压相关概念,广义地定义了负压,分析了负压的测量方法及影响因素。设计高15.0 m的竖向大比尺室内模型,开展真空预压负压分布规律试验研究。试验结果表明,饱和黏土土中真空度测量存在滞后效应,本次试验真空度存在的极限深度为8.9 m;膜下真空度稳定后,零压面之上孔压及板中真空度沿深度呈对称线性分布,斜率均近似为静水压力梯度;负压沿深度为分段线性分布,在地下水位之上的非饱和段因提水做功而衰减,稳定期负压平均衰减值为21.4 k Pa,在水位之下排水板埋深范围内基本均匀分布而无衰减,稳定期平均负压为-67.0 k Pa。结合试验规律及等效排水管中气液两相流的流型分布,给出了真空预压稳定期竖向排水板中的分段线性负压边界。

关键词：真空预压负压分布模型试验竖向大比尺滞后效应两相流