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Effects of intensive control of blood glucose and blood pressure on microvascular complications in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 141-145页

作者： cai-Hong Zhu Shi-Sheng Zhang yan Kong Yu-Fang Bi ling Wang Qiong Zhang Department of Ophthalmology Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University New Vision Eye Clinic Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of Endocrinology Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University

AIM: To evaluate the effects of intensive control of blood glucose and blood pressure on microvascular complications in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes by comparing the therapeutic effects of intensive and standard treatment in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes. METHODS: A total of 107 patients with type Ⅱ diabetes were randomly assigned into intensive and standard treatment groups. Patients in the intensive treatment group received preterax (perindopril/ indapamide) to control blood pressure, and gliclazide (diamicron) MR to control blood glucose. Patients in the standard treatment group received routine medications or placebo. Urinary microalbumin (UMA), urinary creatinine (UCR), the UMA/ UCR ratio, and visual acuity were monitored according to the study design of the ADVANCE trial. Direct ophthalmoscopy and seven-field stereoscopic retinal photography were used to examine the fundi at baseline,and repeated after 5 years of treatment. RESULTS: The characteristics of patients in both groups were well balanced at baseline. After 5 years of treatment, visual acuity was found to be decreased in the standard group (P=0.04), but remained stable in the intensive group. The severity of diabetic retinopathy had not progressed in patients in the intensive group, but had deteriorated in the standard group (P=0.0006). The UMA/UCR ratio was not obviously changed in patients in the intensive group, whereas it was significantly increased in the standard group (P=0.00). CONCLUSION: Intensive control of blood glucose and blood pressure can decrease the incidence or slow the progression of microvascular complications in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes, and maintain stable vision.

关键词： diabetes mellitus intensive therapy microvascular complications diabetic retinopathy

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Flow Characteristics of Expansion Energy Used Pneumatic Booster

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第5期25卷 889-896页

作者： SHI yan cai Maolin XU Weiqing LU Jie School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China National Quality Supervision andInspection Center of Pneumatic Products Fenghua 315500 China

The most common booster is called input pressure reduced （IPR） booster. However, this type of booster has its own shortages, such as its small output flow, when the boosting ratio is higher, the shortage becomes more distinct. Recent research on pneumatic boosters mainly focused on the factors that influence the characteristics of the boosters, some new kinds of pneumatic booster structures were designed, but the efficiency and output flow of these boosters are still not improved sufficiently. In order to improve the output flow of the pneumatic booster, a new kind of booster, expansion energy used （EEU） booster, is proposed. Non-linear differential equations of the pneumatic booster are set up. By using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, the motion characteristics of the pistons, the characteristics of the output flow of the boosters are obtained for analysis of a principle. The principle, which is used to elevate the output flow of the two kinds of boosters, is that the average pressure of the air in the driving chambers of the EEU booster is higher than that of the IPR booster. The simulation and experimental research of the output flow characteristics are done. The simulation and experimental results are in a good accordance. And the simulation and experimental results show that when the air source pressure and the output pressure are set at 0.6 MPa and 0.8 MPa, respectively, with the increase of the terminal pressure of the air in the driving chamber, the output flow of the IPR booster ascends stably. As the terminal pressure of the air in the driving chamber goes up, the output flow of the EEU booster rises, and later it almost remains constant. In addition, with the same terminal pressure, the output flow of the EEU booster is greater than that of the IPR booster, and the difference decreases when the terminal pressure grows. At last, the output pressure is set at 0.8 MPa, under the optimum work state of the EEU booster, the output flow of the two k

关键词： pneumatic system booster modeling simulation experimental study

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Experimental investigation on the relevance of mechanical properties and porosity of sandstone after hydrochemical erosion

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第11期13卷 2053-2068页

作者： cai yan-yan YU Jin FU Guo-feng LI Hong School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China

Under the effect of chemical etching,the macroscopic mechanical properties,mesoscopic structure,mineral content,and porosity of rocks undergo significant changes,which can lead to the geological disasters; thus,an understanding of changes in the microscopic and macroscopic structure of rocks after chemical etching is *** this study,uniaxial mechanical tests and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy were carried out on sandstone samples that had been previously subjected to chemical erosion under different p H *** aim was to study changes in properties and mechanical characteristics,including deformation and strength characteristics,of the rock,and microscopic pore variation characteristics,and to perform preliminary studies of the chemical corrosion *** show that different chemical solutions have a significant influence on the uniaxial compressive strength,the axial strain corresponding to the peak axial stress,elastic modulus,*** the passage of time,porosity increases gradually with exposure to different chemical solutions,and exposure to chemical solutions results in large changes in the NMR T2 curve and T2 spectrum *** exposed to different chemical solutions exhibits different corrosion mechanisms; the root cause is the change of mineral.

关键词： Chemical erosion Hydrochemistry Mechanical properties Nuclear magnetic resonance Porosity Sandstone

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Stabilization and trajectory tracking of autonomous airship's planar motion

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2008年第5期19卷 974-981页

作者： Zhang yan Qu Weidong Xi Yugeng cai Zili Dept. of Automation Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Shanghai 200240 P. R. China GE (China) Research and Development Center Co. Ltd Shanghai 201203 P. R. China

The stabilization and trajectory tracking problems of autonomous airship＇s planar motion are studied. By defining novel configuration error and velocity error, the dynamics of error systems are derived. By applying Lyapunov stability method, the state feedback control laws are designed and the close-loop error systems are proved to be uniformly asymptotically stable by Matrosov theorem. In particular, the controller does not need knowledge on system parameters in the case of set-point stabilization, which makes the controller robust with respect to parameter uncertainty. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the controller designed.

关键词： airship planar motion stabilization trajectory tracking robustness Lyapunov stability Matrosov theorem.

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Methods to Evaluate and Measure Power of Pneumatic System and Their Applications

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第3期32卷 98-108页

作者： yan Shi Maolin cai Weiqing Xu Yixuan Wang School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Pneumatic system has been widely used throughout industry, and it consumes more than billions kW h of electricity one year all over the world. So as to improve the efficiency of pneumatic system, its power evaluation as well as measurement methods should be proposed, and their applicability should be validated. In this paper, firstly, power evaluation and measurement methods of pneumatic system were introduced for the first time. Secondly, based on the proposed methods, power distributions in pneumatic system was analyzed. Thirdly, through the analysis on pneumatic efficiencies of typical compressors and pneumatic components, the applicability of the proposed methods were validated. It can be concluded that, first of all, the proposed methods to evaluation and measurement the power of pneumatic system were efficient. Furthermore, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the air production and cleaning procedure are respectively about 35%–75% and 85%–90%. Moreover, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the transmission and consumption procedures are about 70%–85% and 10%–35%. And the total pneumatic power efficiency of pneumatic system is about 2%–20%, which varies largely with the system configuration. This paper provides a method to analyze and measure the power of pneumatic system, lay a foundation for the optimization and energy-saving design of pneumatic system.

关键词： Pneumatic system Compressed air Energy assessment Measurement Power evaluation

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Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive metal-polyphenol structure coated nanoparticles

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1303-1310页

作者： Qile Xia yan Liang Ailing Cao yan Cao Luyun cai Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits Food Science InstituteZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China Ningbo Research Institute College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityNingbo 315100China School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Marine Ranch EquipmentNingboTech UniversityNingbo 315100China College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China Hangzhou Customs District Hangzhou 310007China

In this paper,tannic acid(TA)and Fe~(3+)were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)encapsulating phlorotannins(PTN).pH-Responsive nanoparticles were prepared successfully(zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe-~Ⅲ).Further,the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization *** zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form *** encapsulation efficiency(EE)revealed that metal-polyphenol network structure could improve the EE of *** analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicated the thermal stability of zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe~Ⅲnanoparticles increased because of metal-polyphenol network *** pH-responsive nanoparticles greatly increased the release rate of active substances and achieved targeted release.

关键词： Metal Phlorotannins Nanoparticles pH-Responsive Characterization

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Chemometric methods for extracting information from temperature-dependent near-infrared spectra

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第5期62卷 583-591页

作者： Xiaoyu Cui yan Sun Wensheng cai Xueguang Shao Research Center for Analytical Sciences College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Xinjiang Laboratory of Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceKashgar University

Temperature-dependent near-infrared(NIR) spectroscopy is a new technique for measuring the NIR spectra of a sample at different temperatures. Taking the advantage of the temperature effect, the technique has shown its potential in both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The technique has been proved to be powerful in determination of the analytes in complex samples,particularly in studying the functions of water in aqueous systems due to the significant effect of temperature on the NIR spectra of water. Because of the complicated interactions in the samples and the overlapping of the broad peaks in NIR spectra, it is difficult to extract the temperature-dependent information from the spectra. Chemometric methods, therefore, have been developed for improving the spectral resolution and extracting the temperature-induced spectral information. In this review, recent advances in the studies of chemometric methods and the applications in resolution, quantitative and structural analysis of temperature-dependent NIR spectra were summarized.

关键词： near-infrared spectroscopy temperature effect chemometrics water aquaphotomics

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Factorial design analytics on effects of material parameter uncertainties in multiphysics modeling of additive manufacturing

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1848-1865页

作者： Amanda Giam Fan Chen Jiaxiang cai Wentao yan Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore

A bottleneck in Laser Powder Bed Fusion(L-PBF)metal additive manufacturing(AM)is the quality inconsistency of its *** address this issue without costly experimentation,computational multi-physics modeling has been used,but the effectiveness is limited by parameter uncertainties and their *** propose a full factorial design and variable selection approach for the analytics of main and interaction effects arising from material parameter uncertainties in multi-physics *** is collected from high-fidelity thermal-fluid simulations based on a 2-level full factorial design for 5 selected material *** physical phenomena of the L-PBF process are analyzed to extract physics-based domain knowledge,which are used to establish a validation checkpoint for our *** data visualization with half-normal probability plots,interaction plots and standard deviation plots,is used to assess if the checkpoint is being *** then apply the combination of best subset selection and the LASSO method on multiple linear regression models for comprehensive variable *** yield statistically and phyiscally validated findings with practical implications,emphasizing the importance of parameter interactions under uncertainty,and their relation to the underlying physics of L-PBF.

关键词： parameter additive analytic

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The importance of brain size for the evolution of nest complexity in birds

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第6期18卷 1105-1107页

作者： Canchao yanG yan cai Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina

Birds are well known as a taxon of animals that use their wings to fly,lay hard-shelled and colorful eggs,and build elegant nests(Gill 1995).Bird nests are important because they provide safe and suitable places to incubate eggs and/or rear ***,bird nests vary from simple nests to those with complex materials and structures(Hansell 2000).

关键词： evolution size

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Optimization Study on a Single-cylinder Compressed Air Engine

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第6期28卷 1285-1292页

作者： YU Qihui cai Maolin SHI yan XU Qiyue School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

The current research of compressed air engine（CAE） mainly focused on simulations and system integrations. However, energy efficiency and output torque of the CAE is limited, which restricts its application and popularization. In this paper, the working principles of CAE are briefly introduced. To set a foundation for the study on the optimization of the CAE, the basic mathematical model of working processes is set up. A pressure-compensated valve which can reduce the inertia force of the valve is proposed. To verify the mathematical model, the prototype with the newly designed pressure-compensated intake valve is built and the experiment is carried out, simulation and experimental results of the CAE are conducted, and pressures inside the cylinder and output torque of the CAE are obtained. Orthogonal design and grey relation analysis are utilized to optimize structural parameters. The experimental and optimized results show that, first of all, pressure inside the cylinder has the same changing tendency in both simulation curve and experimental curve. Secondly, the highest average output torque is obtained at the highest intake pressure and the lowest rotate speed. Thirdly, the optimization of the single-cylinder CAE can improve the working efficiency from an original 21.95% to 50.1%, an overall increase of 28.15%, and the average output torque increases also increases from 22.047 5 N · m to 22.439 N · m. This research designs a single-cylinder CAE with pressure-compensated intake valve, and proposes a structural parameters design method which improves the single-cylinder CAE performance.

关键词： single-cylinder compressed air engine experimental study mathematical model orthogonal design grey relation analysis

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