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Occurrence and influence of residual gas released by crush methods on pore structure in Longmaxi shale in yangtze Plate, Southern China

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China Geology 2020年第4期3卷 545-557页

作者： Ming-liang Liang Zong-xiu Wang Guo-dong Zheng Hugh Christopher Greenwell Hui-jun Li lin-yan zhang Xing-qiang Feng Kai-xun zhang Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Lab of Shale Oil and Gas Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Departments of Earth Sciences Durham UniversityDurham DH13LEUK Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The composition of gas released under vacuum by crushing from the gas shale of Longmaxi Formation in Upper yangtze Plate,Southern China was systematically investigated in this *** effect of residual gas release on pore structures was checked using low-pressure nitrogen adsorption *** influence of particle size on the determination of pore structure characteristics was *** the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill method from low-pressure nitrogen adsorption data,the fractal dimensions were identified at relative pressures of 0‒0.5 and 0.5‒1 as D1 and D2,respectively,and the evolution of fractal features related to gas release was also *** results showed that a variety component of residual gas was released from all shale samples,containing hydrocarbon gas of CH4(29.58%‒92.53%),C2H6(0.97%‒2.89%),C3H8(0.01%‒0.65%),and also some non-hydrocarbon gas such as CO2(3.54%‒67.09%)and N2(1.88%‒8.07%).The total yield of residual gas was in a range from 6.1μL/g to 17.0μL/g related to rock *** geochemical and mineralogical analysis suggested that the residual gas yield was positively correlated with quartz(R^2=0.5480)*** residual gas released shale sample has a higher surface area of 17.20‒25.03 m^2/g and the nitrogen adsorption capacity in a range of 27.32‒40.86 ml/g that is relatively higher than the original samples(with 9.22‒16.30 m^2/g and 10.84‒17.55 ml/g).Clearer hysteresis loop was observed for the original shale sample in nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms than residual gas released *** structure analysis showed that the proportions of micro-,meso-and macropores were changed as micropores decreased while meso-and macropores *** fractal dimensions D1 were in range from 2.5466 to 2.6117 and D2 from 2.6998 to 2.7119 for the residual gas released shale,which is smaller than the original *** factor may indicate that the pore in residual gas released shale was more homogeneous than the original *** resul

关键词： Shale gas Pore structure Residual gas Particle size Fractal dimension Low-pressure nitrogen adsorption Oil and gas exploration engineering Longmaxi shale Southern China

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Allosteric regulation of Keap1 by 8b-hydroxy-acyclocostunolide for the treatment of acute lung injury

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 4174-4178页

作者： Juan zhang Min zhang Qi-Meng Zhu Xin-Rong Xu yan-Li Feng Sheng lin Feng Qiu Cheng-Peng Sun School of Chinese Materia Medic1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China

To the Editor:Acute lung injury(ALI)is a debilitating lung disease characterized by pulmonary edema,diffuse alveolar damage,and uncontrolled neutrophil *** cases of ALI can potentially lead to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),which can lead to impaired respiratory function,multiorgan dysfunction,and an extremely high mortality *** may be caused by various factors,including aspiration,severe pneumonia,sepsis,trauma,fatty embolism,pancreatitis,and blood *** clinical approaches to treating ALI/ARDS include mechanical ventilation,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),and other supportive therapies5,***,ALI/ARDS is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed in the field of respiratory critical care and innovative mechanisms and therapies6.

关键词： Macrophage overactivation Keap1 8b-Hydroxy-a-cyclocostunolide Nrf2 Acute lung injury

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Research Advance of Chinese Medicine in Treating Atherosclerosis:Focus on Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 277-288页

作者： WANG Lu-ming zhang Wen-lan LYU Nuan SUO yan-rong yanG lin YU Bin JIANG Xi-juan School of Integrative Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin301617China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhouJiangxi Province341000China School of Medical Technology Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin301617China

As a serious cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis(AS)causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human ***-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)is a member of the phospholipase A2(PLA2)family,and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to ***-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins,and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine(ox PC)to produce lysophosphatidylcholine(lyso PC).Moreover,macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque *** paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.

关键词： lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 atherosclerosis inflammation oxidative stress apoptosis Chinese medicine

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Attribution of Biases of Interhemispheric Temperature Contrast in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 325-340页

作者： Shiyan zhang Yongyun HU Jiankai zhang yan XIA Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

One of the basic characteristics of Earth's modern climate is that the Northern Hemisphere(NH) is climatologically warmer than the Southern Hemisphere(SH). Here, model performances of this basic state are examined using simulation results from 26 CMIP6 models. Results show that the CMIP6 models underestimate the contrast in interhemispheric surface temperatures on average(0.8 K for CMIP6 mean versus 1.4 K for reanalysis data mean), and that there is a large intermodel spread, ranging from -0.7 K to 2.3 K. A box model energy budget analysis shows that the contrast in interhemispheric shortwave absorption at the top of the atmosphere, the contrast in interhemispheric greenhouse trapping, and the crossequatorial northward ocean heat transport, are all underestimated in the multimodel mean. By examining the intermodel spread, we find intermodel biases can be tracked back to biases in midlatitude shortwave cloud forcing in AGCMs. Models with a weaker interhemispheric temperature contrast underestimate the shortwave cloud reflection in the SH but overestimate the shortwave cloud reflection in the NH, which are respectively due to underestimation of the cloud fraction over the SH extratropical ocean and overestimation of the cloud liquid water content over the NH extratropical *** that underestimate the interhemispheric temperature contrast exhibit larger double ITCZ biases, characterized by excessive precipitation in the SH tropics. Although this intermodel spread does not account for the multimodel ensemble mean biases, it highlights that improving cloud simulation in AGCMs is essential for simulating the climate realistically in coupled models.

关键词： interhemispheric temperature contrast energy balance shortwave cloud forcing ITCZ CMIP6 AGCM

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Weak Graph Map Homotopy and Its Applications

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第2期45卷 235-252页

作者： Conglei zhang yanying WANG Zhiguo zhang yan ZHAO School of Mathematical Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Department of Basic Science Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhang 030801ShanxiChina Center for Topology and Geometry based Technology School of Mathematical SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China School of Mathematical Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shanxi Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China School of Mathematics and Science Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China

The authors introduce a notion of a weak graph map homotopy(they call it M-homotopy),discuss its properties and *** prove that the weak graph map homotopy equivalence between graphs coincides with the graph homotopy equivalence defined by Yau et al in *** difference between them is that the weak graph map homotopy transformation is defined in terms of maps,while the graph homotopy transformation is defined by means of combinatorial *** discuss its advantages over the graph homotopy *** its applications,they investigate the mapping class group of a graph and the 1-order M P-homotopy group of a pointed simple ***,they show that the 1-order M P-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph is invariant up to the weak graph map homotopy equivalence.

关键词： Weak graph map homotopy Trivial vertex Strong deformation retract Mapping class group MP-Homotopy group

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Policy Gradient Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Model-Free Multi-Objective Optimal Control

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 1060-1062页

作者： Hao zhang yan Li Zhuping Wang Yi Ding Huaicheng yan the Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China the Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of Ministry of Education School of Information Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Dear Editor,In this letter,the multi-objective optimal control problem of nonlinear discrete-time systems is investigated.A data-driven policy gradient algorithm is proposed in which the action-state value function is... 详细信息

关键词： policy gradient Optimal

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Effects of formal credit on pastoral household expense: Evidence from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1774-1785页

作者： yan zhang Yi Huang Fan zhang Zeng Tang State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China

Formal credit is critical in agricultural production,allowing more expenditure and productive input,thereby improving farmers'*** pastoral China,formal financial institutions are gradually ***,a limited understanding remains of how formal credit affects herders'household *** on a survey of 544 herders from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China,this study adopted the propensity score matching approach to identify the effect of formal credit on herders'total household expenses,daily expenses,and productive *** results found that average age,grassland mortgage,and other variables significantly affected herders'participation in formal *** credit could significantly improve household expenses,especially productive expenses.A heterogeneity analysis showed that formal credit had a greater impact on the household total expense for those at higher levels of wealth;however,it significantly affected the productive expense of herders at lower wealth ***,the mediating effect indicated that formal credit could affect herders'household income,thus influencing their household ***,this study suggests that policies should improve herders'accessibility to formal credit.

关键词： formal credit herders expense Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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Exceptional Performance of 3D Additive Manufactured NiFe Phosphite Oxyhydroxide Hollow Tubular Lattice Plastic Electrode for Large-Current-Density Water Oxidization

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 262-273页

作者： Ding, Liping zhang, lin Li, Gaoyuan Chen, Shuyan yan, Han Tu, Haibiao Su, Jianmin Li, Qi Tang, yanfeng Wang, yanqing Nantong Univ Sch Chem & Chem Engn Nantong 226007 Peoples R China

In this article, we report a 3D NiFe phosphite oxyhydroxide plastic electrode using high-resolution digital light processing (DLP) 3D-printing technology via induced chemical deposition method. The as-prepared 3D plastic electrode exhibits no template requirement, freedom design, low-cost, robust, anticorrosion, lightweight, and micro-nano porous characteristics. It can be drawn to the conclusion that highly oriented open-porous 3D geometry structure will be beneficial for improving surface catalytic active area, wetting performance, and reaction-diffusion dynamics of plastic electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation interprets the origin of high activity of NiFe(PO3)O(OH) and demonstrates that the implantation of the -PO3 can effectively bind the 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(PO3)O(OH), lead to the weak adsorption of intermediate, make electron more active to improve the conductivity, thereby lowing the transform free energy of *O to *OOH. The water oxidization performance of as-prepared 3D NiFe(PO3)O(OH) hollow tubular (HT) lattice plastic electrode has almost reached the state-of-the-art level compared with the as-reported large-current-density catalysts or 3D additive manufactured plastic/metal-based electrodes, especially for high current OER electrodes. This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of low-cost high-current electrodes.

关键词： 3D plastic electrode 3D printing induced chemical deposition large-current-density water oxidization NiFe phosphite oxyhydroxide EFFICIENT ELECTROCATALYST OXYGEN

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Strengthening and toughening styrene-butadiene rubber by mechanically interlocked cross-links

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3414-3422页

作者： Yuanhao Wang Li yang lin Cheng Jun Zhao Ruixue Bai Wenbin Wang Shaolei Qu Zhaoming zhang Wei Yu Xuzhou yan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)is an indispensable material in modern society,and the necessity for enhanced mechanical properties in SBR persists,particularly to withstand the rigors of challenging environmental *** surmount the limitations of conventional cross-linking modes,mechanical bonds stabilized by host-guest recognition are incorporated as the cross-linking points of SBR to form mechanically interlocked networks(MINs).Compared with covalently cross-linked network,the representative MIN exhibits superior mechanical performance in terms of elongation(1392%)and breaking strength(4.6 MPa),whose toughness has surged by 17 *** of host-guest recognition and subsequent sliding motion provide an effective energy dissipation mechanism,and the release of hidden length is also beneficial to enhance ***,the introduction of the rotaxane cross-links made the network more pliable and possess damping and elastic properties,which can return to initial state with one minute rest *** aspire that this direct introduction method can serve as a blueprint,offering valuable insights for the enhancement of mechanical properties in conventional commercial polymer materials.

关键词： mechanically interlocked molecules host-guest chemistry styrene-butadiene rubber mechanical properties dynamic materials

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A bifunctional POM-based Cu-viologen complex with mixed octamolybdate clusters for rapid oxidation desulfurization and effective photogeneration of hydrogen

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 236-246页

作者： lin yang Zhong zhang Chao-Nan zhang Xiu-Li Wang College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China Professional Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province for Conversion Materials of Solar Cell Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China

The design and synthesis of catalysts for the oxidation desulfurization and production of hydrogen are extremely important for solving environmental pollution and energy ***,a novel bifunctional [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)/[β-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)-based Cu-viologen complex H_(4)[Cu_(2)~ⅠCl_(2)(Hbcbpy)_(4)] [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)] [β-Mo8O_(26)]·H_(2)O(BHU-2,Hbcbpy=1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared radiation spectra,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) *** structural characteristic of BHU-2 is the presence of two types of octamolybdate clusters [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)/[β-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)and a new binuclear Cu~Ⅰ-Hbcbpy complex linked by Cl-bridges[Cu_(2)ⅠCl_(2)(Hbcbpy)_(4)]^(4+).BHU-2 as a heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent activities to the oxidation desulfurization and photocatalytic hydrogen *** room temperature,BHU-2 can catalyze 96% conversion of methyl phenyl sulfide with 98% selectivity,and the process obeys the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic with the half-life of9.6 *** notorious 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide can achieve 99% conversion with 98% selectivity within only1 min at the presence of BHU-2,and the turnover frequency(TOF) is up to 7400 h^(-1).BHU-2 also exhibits high catalytic activity for the oxidation of other aromatic and aliphatic thioethers within short time at room ***,BHU-2 shows a high catalytic activity for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution with an H_(2) evolution rate of 1677.85 μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) within 10 ***,the catalytic activities do not decrease evidently after three cycles,revealing the prominent structural stability and recyclability.

关键词： Polyoxometalate Metal-organic complex Viologen Oxidation desulfurization Photocatalytic hydrogen production

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