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COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes

Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Mei Hung Joanna Leung Kin Hang Kung Ian Siu-kiu Yau yan yee fung Kirran Nazesh Mohammad Cheong Chi Andrew Lau Ka Wing Albert Au Shuk Kwan Chuang Centre for Health Protection Department of HealthKowloonHong KongChina

Background:COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly(RCHEs)and for persons with disability(RCHDs)have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong Kong.This article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe outcomes.Methods:To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage,documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes(RCH)residents reported between December 31,2021 and May 31,2022 were reviewed,and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or death.Correlation between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was examined.Infected RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and death.Results:COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs(median 0.46,IQR:0.24-0.76)and very low in RCHEs(median 0.08,IQR:0.00-0.19).Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents(median 0.84,IQR:0.64-0.93)and higher case fatality rate(CFR:28.1%)than in RCHDs(median 0.58,IQR:0.31-0.84;CFR:3.9%).The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs(ρ=−0.131,p<0.001)and RCHDs(ρ=−0.333,p<0.001).Comparing with infected residents who were unvaccinated/vaccinated with one-dose,receiving at least two-dose was estimated to be effective in reducing severe outcomes in 31%and 36%of infected RCHE and RCHD residents respectively;with greater reduction in mortality among RCHD than RCHE residents(54%and 38%,respectively).Vaccine effectiveness of two-dose of BNT162b2 against severe outcomes and death are higher than that of CoronaVac.Conclusions:Increasing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in RCHs.At least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in RCHs during Omicron epidemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Attack rates Long-term care facilities Vaccine effectiveness Severe outcomes Hong Kong China

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A prospective cohort of men with localized prostatecancer on active surveillance protocol in Hong Kong,China:what did we learn?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 245-249页

作者： Xiaobo Wu Ivan Ching-Ho Ko Cindy Yeuk-Lam Hong Samuel Chi-Hang yee Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh Samson Yun-Sang Chan Ho-Man Tam Chi-Kwok Chan Chi-Fai Ng Peter Ka-fung Chiu SH Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.

This study aimed to report the outcomes of active surveillance(AS)in the management of low-risk prostate cancer(PCa).It recruited87 men who were prospectively followed up according to the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance(PRIAS)protocol with local adaptation at SH Ho Urology Centre,Prince of Wales Hospital,Hong Kong,China.We investigated the predictorsof disease progression and found that baseline prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)and the presence of the highest ProstateImaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are significantly correlatedwith disease progression.Moreover,men with PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)or PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions had significantly worse upgradingfree survival compared to those with PSAD≤0.2 ng ml−2 and PI-RADS 2 or 3 lesions.The study concludes that AS is a safe andeffective management strategy for selected patients to defer radical treatment and that most disease progression can be detectedafter the first repeated biopsy.The combination of PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)and PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions may serve as a useful predictorof early disease progression and provide a guide to optimize follow-up protocols for men in different risk groups.

关键词： active surveillance cohort localized prostate cancer

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Multi-omics analysis of attenuated variant reveals potential evaluation marker of host damaging for SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 83-95页

作者： Guangshan Xie Lin Zhu Siwen Liu Cun Li Xin Diao yanhao Zhang Xiuli Su Yuanyuan Song Guodong Cao Li Zhong Pui Wang Xiaojuan Liu Bobo Wing-yee Mok Shusheng Zhang Dong-yan Jin Jie Zhou Honglin Chen Zongwei Cai State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen 518000China

SARS-CoV-2 continues to threaten human society by generating novel variants via mutation and recombination.The high number of mutations that appeared in emerging variants not only enhanced their immune-escaping ability but also made it difficult to predict the pathogenicity and virulence based on viral nucleotide sequences.Molecular markers for evaluating the pathogenicity of new variants are therefore needed.By comparing host responses to wild-type and variants with attenuated pathogenicity at proteome and metabolome levels,six key molecules on the polyamine biosynthesis pathway including putrescine,SAM,dc-SAM,ODC1,SAMS,and SAMDC were found to be differentially upregulated and associated with pathogenicity of variants.To validate our discovery,human airway organoids were subsequently used which recapitulates SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelial cells of COVID-19 patients.Using ODC1 as a proof-ofconcept,differential activation of polyamine biosynthesis was found to be modulated by the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)and positively associated with ACE2 activity.Further experiments demonstrated that ODC1 expression could be differentially activated upon a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs)and was found to be correlated with each VOCs’pathogenic properties.Particularly,the presented study revealed the discriminative ability of key molecules on polyamine biosynthesis as a predictive marker for virulence evaluation and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell or organoid models.Our work,therefore,presented a practical strategy that could be potentially applied as an evaluation tool for the pathogenicity of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 multi-omics attenuated variant predictive pathogenic marker polyamine biosynthesis

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Characterizing the optimal operation of photocatalytic degradation of BDE-209 by nano-sized TiO_2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1670-1678页

作者： Ka Lai Chow Yu Bon Man Jin Shu Zheng yan Liang Nora fung yee Tam Ming Hung Wong Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Brominated flame retardants have been widely used in industry. There is a rapid growing public concern for their availabilities in the environment. Advanced oxidation process （AOP） is a promising and efficient technology which may be used to remove emerging chemicals such as brominated flame retardants. This study aims at investigating optimal operational conditions for the removal of BDE-209 using nano-scaled titanium（IV） oxide. The residual PBDE congeners after photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 by TiO2 were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. It was found that the degradability of BDE-209 by TiO2 was attributed to its photocatalytic activity but not the small size of the particles. The half-life of removing BDE-209 by TiO2 was 3.05 days under visible light. Tetra- and penta-BDEs were the major degraded products of BDE-209. Optimum conditions for photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 was found to be at pH 12 （93% ± 1%）, 5, 10, 20 mg/L （93.0% ± 1.70%, 91.6% ± 3.21%, 91.9% ± 0.952%, respectively）, respectively of humic acid and in the form of anatase/rutile TiO2 （82% ± 3%）. Hence, the efficiency of removing BDE-209 can be maximized while being cost effective at the said operating conditions.

关键词： PBDEs TiO2 photocatalysis hydroxyl radicals

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Effects of root morphology and anatomy on cadmium uptake and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 296-306页

作者： Lu Huang Wai Chin Li Nora fung yee Tam Zhihong Ye School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong

A clear description of the certain mechanisms of cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa L.) may help to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to determine the effects of cultivation conditions(aerated and stagnant) on the uptake, translocation and subcellular distribution of Cd in relation to the morphology and anatomy of roots in two rice genotypes with different Cd accumulations in grains. Marked differences in morphology and anatomy were observed between these two genotypes under different cultivation conditions. Genotypes with low Cd accumulation in grains tended to develop fewer root tips per root surface area, larger root porosity and more mature apoplastic barriers. The stagnant cultivation condition decreased the number of root tips per root surface area but increased root porosity and accelerated apoplastic barrier formation in root tissues.Correlative Cd uptake studies revealed that rice plants with fewer number of root tips per root surface area reduced root Cd uptake ability, while mature apoplastic barriers increased root Cd retention in cell walls and the symplast. Thus, the fewer number of root tips per root surface area and the earlier formation of mature apoplastic barriers led to lower Cd uptake and translocation. The results indicated that the morphology and anatomy of roots could play important roles in Cd uptake and translocation in rice, and could be influenced by both genotype and cultivation conditions. The present results would be useful in screening and planting rice plants with low Cd accumulation.

关键词： Apoplastic barriers Cadmium Rice Root morphology

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Synthesis of a highly recoverable 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for efficient adsorptive separation of pharmaceutical residue

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 194-203页

作者： Billie yan Zhang Hiew Wan Ting Tee Nicholas Yung Li Loh Kar Chiew Lai Svenja Hanson Suyin Gan Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar Lai yee Lee Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100China

Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,such as acetaminophen,is an emerging ecological concern.In this study,a newthree-dimensionalmanganese dioxideengrafted reduced graphene oxide(3D MnO_(2)/rGO)hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration.The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel,followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO_(2) growth by redox-reaction.The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO_(2) nanospheres and pores of 138.4–235.3μm width.The influences of adsorbent dosage,initial pH,acetaminophen concentration,temperature and contact time were investigated.It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel,as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm,yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g.This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO_(2)/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L,initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40℃.The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20–500 mg/L concentrations,respectively.Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO_(2)/rGO-acetaminophen system.The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment.Moreover,the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles.Overall,the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO_(2)/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.

关键词： Acetaminophen Adsorption Adsorption mechanism 3D reduced graphene oxide Manganese oxide nanoparticles Regeneration

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The parallel tetrameric DNA G-quadruplex formed by the two-repeat C9orf72 GGGGCC sequence in solution Dedicated to Professor Chaohui Ye on the occasion of his 80th birthday

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2022年第4期2卷 196-204页

作者： Changdong Liu Bo Zhou Naining Xu Chun Po fung Bing yan Monica Ching Suen Zeguo Huang Guang Zhu Division of Life Science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SAR00000China HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute Hi-Tech ParkNanshanShenzhen518057China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Stomatological CenterPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhen518036China Hong Kong Branch of Guangdong Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory(Guangzhou) Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SAR00000China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SAR00000China

The abnormal expansion of G-rich hexanucleotide repeat,GGGGCC(G4C2),in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72(C9orf72)is known to be the prevailing genetic cause of two fatal degenerative neurological diseases,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD).It is well known that the DNA G4C2 repeat expansion with different lengths can form G-quadruplexes which affect gene transcription related to ALS/FTD,therefore it is crucial to understand DNA G4C2 G-quadruplex structures.Herein,by utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,we examined DNA G-quadruplex structure adopted by two G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats with an inosine substitution at position 4,d(G4C2)2-I4.We show that d(G4C2)2-I4 folds into an eight-layer parallel tetrameric G-quadruplex containing two parallel dimeric G-quadruplexes stacking together through p-p interaction via 50-to-50 mode in solution.Each dimeric G-quadruplex unit involves two propeller loops composed of two cytosine bases.This result is consistent with the observation in the crystal structure of d(G4C2)2.Our work not only sheds light on the structural diversity of G-quadruplexes adopted by d(G4C2)n but also provides a structural basis for drug design in treatment of ALS and FTD.

关键词： Hexanucleotide repeat G4C2 expansion G-quadruplex Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) Frontotemporal dementia(FTD) Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)

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Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO_3

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 148-156页

作者： Chun-Hua Li Yuk-Shan Wong Hong-Yuan Wang Nora fung-yee Tam State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Department of Biology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory on Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene（Fl）, phenanthrene（Phe）,fluoranthene（Flua） and pyrene（Pyr）, with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was increased.One of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.

关键词： Anaerobic biodegradation Electron acceptor amendment Mangrove sediment Na HCO3amendment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

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复方中草药对兔生长性能和肠道健康的影响

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中国兽医杂志 2024年第1期60卷 134-143页

作者：徐翔飞黄盼崔雪梅季权安肖琛闻韦强黄叶娥鲍国连刘燕浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院浙江杭州311300 浙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所浙江杭州310021

为了研究复方中草药对兔生长性能、免疫功能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、肠道形态和肠道微生物的影响,本试验选取72只5周龄健康新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(CN,饲喂基础饲粮)和中草药组(CM,基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg复方中草药),每... 详细信息

为了研究复方中草药对兔生长性能、免疫功能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、肠道形态和肠道微生物的影响,本试验选取72只5周龄健康新西兰大白兔,随机分成对照组(CN,饲喂基础饲粮)和中草药组(CM,基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg复方中草药),每组36只,试验周期为42 d。每周测定各组兔的采食量和体增重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);试验第21、42天,每组随机选择4只健康兔,采血分离血清,检测生化指标和免疫指标;试验结束(第42天),收集兔小肠肠段,通过ELISA检测小肠黏膜消化酶活性和抗氧化指标,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色观察小肠绒毛形态,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测紧密连接蛋白mRNA的相对表达量,高通量测序分析盲肠微生物多样性。结果显示,两组间ADFI、ADG和F/G均差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在试验第21天时,中草药组兔血清中总胆固醇(Tchol)含量极显著降低(P<0.01);在试验第42天时,中草药组兔血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量和回肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);肠道中消化酶(α-淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)活性显著升高(P<0.05);空肠中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);空肠绒毛长度(V)显著增长(P<0.05),隐窝深度(C)显著降低(P<0.05),绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值(V/C)极显著升高(P<0.01);十二指肠中闭锁蛋白(Occludin)mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),回肠中膜周蛋白(ZO-1)和Occludin mRNA相对表达量也显著上调(P<0.05);盲肠内容物细菌16S rRNA基因的菌群丰富度指数(Chaol)丰度值显著升高(P<0.05);盲肠在属水平分类上的主要优势菌群为梭菌属(Clostridiales)和阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)等。结果表明,兔日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂能增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,维持肠道黏膜形态的完整,提高肠道消化酶活性,改善肠道菌群。

关键词：复方中草药兔生长性能消化酶肠道发育肠道微生物

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A giant gas-filled abdominal mass in an elderly female:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第31期17卷 3659-3662页

作者： Hoi Man Deon Chong fung yee Janet Lee Anthony Lo Chak Man Jimmy Li Department of Surgery Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital

We report an extremely rare case of gas-filled abdominal mass caused by an ovarian teratoma fistulating to the sigmoid colon The patient was an 85-year-old female,who presented with severe abdominal distension Urgent computed tomography scan showed a huge abdominal mass with air fluid level and fecal matter inside Communication between the mass and the sigmoid colon was suspected She underwent emergency laparotomy The mass was resected with the involved segment of colon Pathology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.

关键词：病例报告腹部女性气体老年填充鳞状细胞癌断层扫描

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