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Emerging therapeutic options in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第48期27卷 8242-8261页

作者： Jesus k yamamoto-Furusho Norma N Parra-Holguín Gastroenterology Unit Inflammatory Bowel Disease ClinicInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y NutricionMexico City 14080Mexico

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic disease that requires chronic treatment throughout the evolution of the disease,with a complex physiopathology that entails great challenges for the development of new and specific treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's *** anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy has impacted the clinical course of IBD in those patients who do not respond to conventional treatment,so there is a need to develop new therapies and markers of treatment *** pathways involved in the development of the disease are known and the new therapies have focused on blocking the inflammatory process at the gastrointestinal level by oral,intravenous,subcutaneous,and topical *** these new therapies can lead to more personalized treatments with higher success rates and fewer *** treatments have not only focused on clinical remission,but also on achieving macroscopic changes at the endoscopic level and microscopic changes by achieving mucosal *** treatments are mainly based on modifying signaling pathways,by blocking receptors or ligands,reducing cell migration and maintaining the integrity of the epithelial ***,this review presents the efficacy and safety of the new treatments that are currently under study and the advances that have been made in this area in recent years.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Review Emerging Treatment Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

Effect of vanadium and chromium on the microstructural features of V–Cr–Mn–Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第11期21卷 1096-1108页

作者： V.G.Efremenko k.Shimizu A.P.Cheiliakh T.V.kozarevskaya k.kusumoto k.yamamoto Department of Metal Science and Heat Treatment of Metals Pryazovskyi State Technical UniversityMariupol 87500 Ukraine Manufacturing and Engineering Design Center Muroran Institute of TechnologyMuroran 050-8585 Japan

The objective of this investigation is to study the influence of vanadium（5.0wt%–10.0wt%） and chromium（0–9.0wt%） on the microstructure and hardness of Cr-V-Mn-Ni white cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides. The alloys＇ microstructural features are presented and discussed with regard to the distribution of phase elements. The structural constituents of the alloys are spheroidal VC, proeutectoid cementite, ledeburite eutectic, rosette-shaped carbide eutectic（based on M7C3）, pearlite, martensite, and austenite. Their combinations and area fraction（AF） ratios are reported to be influenced by the alloys＇ chemical composition. Spheroidized VC particles are found to be sites for the nucleation of carbide eutectics. Cr and V are shown to substitute each other in the VC and M7C3 carbides, respectively. Chromium alloying leads to the formation of a eutectic（γ-Fe ＋ М7С3）, preventing the appearance of proeutectoid cementite in the structure. Vanadium and chromium are revealed to increase the total carbide fraction and the amount of austenite in the matrix. Cr is observed to play a key role in controlling the metallic matrix microstructure.

关键词： cast irons carbides microstructure vanadium chromium austenite pearlite

Role of cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第27期14卷 4280-4288页

作者： Fausto Sanchez-Muoz Aaron Dominguez-Lopez Jesus k yamamoto-Furusho Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Vasco de Quiroga 15 colonia Sección XVI

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), rep- resents a group of chronic disorders characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, typically with a relapsing and remitting clinical course. Mucosal mac- rophages play an important role in the mucosal im- mune system, and an increase in the number of newly recruited monocytes and activated macrophages has been noted in the inflamed gut of patients with IBD. Activated macrophages are thought to be major con- tributors to the production of inflammatory cytokines in the gut, and imbalance of cytokines is contributing to the pathogenesis of IBD. The intestinal inflammation in IBD is controlled by a complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Cytokines play a key role in IBD that determine T cell differentiation of Th1, Th2, T regulatory and newly described Th17 cells. Cytokines levels in time and space orchestrate the development, recurrence and exacerbation of the inflammatory process in IBD. Therefore, several cyto- kine therapies have been developed and tested for the treatment of IBD patients.

关键词： Cytokines Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Inflammation

High-Accuracy Polishing Technique Using Dwell Time Adjustment

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Communications in Computational Physics 2006年第4期1卷 701-715页

作者： S.Satake k.yamamoto S.Igarashi Department of Applied Electronics Tokyo University of Science2641 YamazakiNodaChiba 278-8510Japan

Two algorithms for dwell time adjustment are evaluated under the same polishing conditions that involve tool and work *** methods are based on Preston’s *** first method is a convolution algorithm based on the Fast Fourier *** second is an iterative method based on a constraint problem,extended from a one-dimensional formulation to address a two-dimensional *** methods are investigated for their computational cost,accuracy,and polishing *** convolution method has high accuracy and high *** constraint problem on the other hand is slow even when it requires larger memory and thus is more ***,unlike the other case a negative region in the polishing shape is not predicted ***,new techniques are devised by combining the two methods.

关键词： Polishing surface grinding dwell time convolution method fast Fourier transform constraint problem

Genetic factors associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第42期13卷 5594-5597页

作者： Jesus k yamamoto-Furusho Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseClinic Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional deCiencias Médicas y Nutrición Vasco de Quiroga 15 ColoniaSección XVI Tlalpan C.P. 14000 México D.F. México

Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are complex polygenic disorders,characterized by several genes together with environmental factors contributing to the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Recent advances in research on genetic susceptibility have allowed the identification of diverse genes at different levels:(1)Innate immunity;(2)Antigen presentation molecules;(3)Epithelial integrity;(4)Drug transporter;(5)Cell *** application of genetic testing into clinical practice is close and all genetic markers may have several clinical implications:prediction of disease phenotype,molecular classification,prevention of complications,and prognosis.

关键词： Genetic Susceptibility Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

Optimization of Cu content for the development of high-performance T5-treated thixo-cast Al-7Si-0.5Mg-Cu(wt.%)alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第34期93卷 178-190页

作者： k.yamamoto M.Takahashi Y.kamikubo Y.Sugiura S.Iwasawa T.Nakata S.kamado Nagaoka University of Technology NagaokaJapan Asanuma Giken Co. Ltd.HamamatsuJapa Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture ShizuokaJapan

Cu content has been successfully optimized in a thixo-cast and directly aged(T5-treatment)Al-7 Si-0.5 Mg(wt.%)*** after the 0.5%Cu addition,plate-like Al_(2)Cu(θ’)phases,which contribute to high strengths and large plasticity,are *** formation of a large fraction of Cu-containing brittle phases could be suppressed as ***,the Al-7Si-0.5Mg-0.5Cu alloy exhibits high ultimate tensile strength,0.2%proof stress,and elongation to failure of 296 MPa,209 MPa,and 8.8%,*** results in a high quality index similar to that of solution-treated and subsequently aged(T6-treated)Al-7 Si-Mg alloys.A Cu addition over 1.0%further improves the strengths;however,this leads to poor ductility because of the high fraction of Cu-containing brittle phases.

关键词： Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy Thixo-casting T5-treatment Mechanical property Microstructure

Innate immunity in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第42期13卷 5577-5580页

作者： Jesus k yamamoto-Furusho Daniel k Podolsky Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory BowelDisease Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard MedicalSchool Boston MA 02114 United States

The human intestinal tract is home to an enormous bacterial flora. The host defense against microorganisms can be divided into innate and adaptive immunity. The former is the most immediate line of response to immunologic challenges presented by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The mucosal immune system has evolved to balance the need to respond to pathogens while co-existing with commensal bacteria and food antigens. In inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）, this hyporesponsiveness or tolerance breaks down and inflammation supervenes driven by the intestinal microbial flora. Bacteria contain compounds and are recognized by a variety of receptors, including Toll-like receptors （TLRs） and NODs （a family of intracellular bacterial sensors） and are potent stimuli of innate immune responses. Several mutations in these receptors have been associated with development of IBD.

关键词： Innate Immunity Toll-like receptors Inflammatory bowel disease

FLOW OF A VISCOUS FLUID PAST A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 1991年第2期6卷 150-155页

作者： k.yamamoto M.Okada J.kameyama Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Okayama University Okayama 700 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Okayama University Okayama 700 JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Okayama University Okayama 700 Japan

This paper treats the numerical calculation of a steady two-dimensional viscous flow past a flexible membrane. Both edges of the membrane are fixed in the flow and its chord is set normal to the flow. The numerical calculations of the Navier-Stokes equation based on a finite difference method and a relaxation method are carried out for several values of the membrane tension in cases when the Reynolds numbers are 5, 10 and 20. It is found that the membrane tension has a minimum value below which there is no steady shape of the membrane. Two different shapes of the membrane are possible at a given value of tension: the one is of small deformation, while the other a large deformation. There appear twin vortices in the concave region of the membrane shape if its deformation increases to a certain extent.

关键词： length Re body flexible FLOW OF A VISCOUS FLUID PAST A FLEXIBLE MEMBRANE

Crohn’s disease:Innate immunodeficiency?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6751-6755页

作者： Jesus k yamamoto-Furusho Joshua R korzenik Gastro-intestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 United States

In the past, Crohn’s disease (CD) has been understood primarily as an immunologic disorder characterized by an abnormal T-cell response. Recent in vitro and in vivo data suggests that CD may instead be precipitated by innate immune dysfunction resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some reports have demonstrated a defective immune response in a variety of other cellular components, including neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Recent studies of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- CSF) in CD, aiming to stimulate the innate immune system with the conception that an innate immune defect underlies the development of the disease, have been demonstrated a clinical benefit and reinforce this evolving understanding of the disease.

关键词： Crohn's disease Innate immunity Immunodeficiency NOD2