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How would preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD pathology) occur? An insight from a genomic instability mouse model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2012-2014页

作者： Chinthalapally V.Rao Hiroshi Y.yamada Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development Department of MedicineHematology/Oncology SectionUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center(OUHSC)Oklahoma CityOKUSA

More than 95%of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is late-onset,in which patients show clinical cognition/behavior symptoms after age *** early-onset AD that comes with mutations in genes directly involved in amyloid metabolism(APP,PSEN),genetic predispositions associated with late-onset AD are harder to pinpoint,and their mechanistic links to AD development need further *** the development mechanism of late-onset AD remains controversial,amyloid-beta accumulation,initiated in middle age,is widely accepted as the triggering event for early AD pathology(Du Bois et al.,2010;Sterling et al.,2011).

关键词： clinical Alzheimer metabolism

A wind tunnel study on control methods for cable dry-galloping

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 72-80页

作者： Hung D. VO Hiroshi KATSUCHI Hitoshi yamada Mayuko NISHIO Department of Civil Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama 240-8501 Japan

The common vibration of cable caused by rain-wind combination has been known as most typical type and a lot kind of its countermeasures has been proposed for suppressing this phenomenon. Recently, stayed-cables were also proved that they could be excited in dry state （without rain）, which is called dry-galloping. Recently, its mechanisms have been explained by axial flow, Reynolds number and so on. To clarify the characteristics of this galloping, wind tunnel test of a cable model with various kinds of wind angle was conducted. Then, three types of countermeasure were examined to suppress dry- galloping of bridge cable. The tests confirmed that the occurrence of dry-galloping depends on relative wind attacked angles and onset reduced wind speed. Furthermore, single spiral wire, double spiral wire and circular ring were found to have high effectiveness in mitigating this galloping when those are installed properly.

关键词： dry-galloping wind-relative angle single spiral wire double spiral wire circular rings

Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 131-150页

作者： Masafumi Yamaguchi Yasuyuki Ota Taizo Masuda Christian Thiel Anastasios Tsakalidis Arnulf Jaeger-Waldau Kenji Araki Kensuke Nishioka Tatsuya Takamoto Takashi Nakado Kazumi yamada Tsutomu Tanimoto Yosuke Tomita Yusuke Zushi Kenichi Okumura Takashi Mabuchi Akinori Satou Kyotaro Nakamura Ryo Ozaki Nobuaki Kojima Yoshio Ohshita Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Faculty of Engineering Miyazaki University Miyazaki Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Susono Japan European Commission— Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy Sharp Corporation Nara Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Japan Nissan Motor Corporation Yokosuka Japan

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

关键词： Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) VIPV-Powered Electric Vehicles Driving Distance PV Modules Solar Irradiation Temperature Rise Radiative Cooling

Comparison of Effect of Brassinosteroid and Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors on Growth of Rice Seedlings

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Rice science 2016年第1期23卷 51-55页

作者： Tadashi MATUSMOTO Kazuhiro yamada Yuko YOSHIZAWA Keimei OH Department of Biotechnology Akita Prefectural University

Brassinosteroid（BR） and gibberellin（GA） are two predominant plant hormones that regulate plant cell elongation. Mutants disrupt the biosynthesis of these hormones and display different degrees of dwarf phenotypes in rice. Although the role of each plant hormone in promoting the longitudinal growth of plants has been extensively studied using genetic methods, their relationship is still poorly understood. In this study, we used two specific inhibitors targeting BR and GA biosynthesis to investigate the roles of BR and GA in growth of rice seedlings. Yucaizol, a specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, and Trinexapac-ethyl, a commercially available inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, were used. The effect of Yucaizol on rice seedlings indicated that Yucaizol significantly retarded stem elongation. The IC_（50） value was found to be approximately 0.8 μmol/L. Yucaizol also induced small leaf angle phenocopy in rice seedlings, similarly to BR-deficient rice, while Trinexapac-ethyl did not. When Yucaizol combined with Trinexapac-ethyl was applied to the rice plants, the mixture of these two inhibitors retarded stem elongation of rice at lower doses. Our results suggest that the use of a BR biosynthesis inhibitor combined with a GA biosynthesis inhibitor may be useful in the development of new technologies for controlling rice plant height.

关键词： brassinosteroid gibberellin plant hormone plant growth regulator rice

Castration-induced expression of caspase-1 in epithelia of accessory sex organs in male rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第2期3卷 105-108页

作者： Masao Izawa Mitunori Kimura Tomiko yamada Makoto Saji Department of Biosignaling School of Life Science Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago 683-8503 JapanDepartment of Neurobiology School of Life Science Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago 683-8503 JapanDepartment of Biosignaling School of Life Science Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago 683-8503 JapanDepartment of Neurobiology School of Life Science Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago 683-8503 Japan

Aim: As an attempt to clarify the molecular basis of castration-induced apoptosis, this study was undertaken todemonstrate the expression of caspase-1 in male accessory sex organs of rats. Methods and results; cDNA of ratcaspase-1 was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from the ventral prostates. The open readingframe predicts 402 amino acids, which shows more than 91% and 63% identity to those of mouse and human, respec-tively. Northern analyses demonstrated the presence of castration-induced up-regulation of the 1.6 kb transcript in theventral prostate and the seminal vesicles. Finally, the authors demonstrated the caspase-1 transcripts in the epithelia ofthese tissues by in situ hybridization analyses. Conclusion; Castration induces the expression of caspase-1 tran-scripts in the epithelia of ventral prostate and seminal vesicle. These observations suggest a possible role of caspase-1 inapoptosis in male accessory sex organs.

关键词： prostate seminal vesicles tissue involution apoptosis caspase-1 cDNA cloning castration epithelium rats

Multiple esophageal variceal ruptures with massive ascites due to myelofibrosis-induced portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第28期18卷 3770-3774页

作者： Koichi Tokai Hiroyuki Miyatani Yukio Yoshida Shigeki yamada Department of Digestive Organs Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center Saitama 330-8503 Japan Department of Pathology Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center Saitama 330-8503 Japan

A 75-year old man had been diagnosed at 42 years of age as having polycythemia vera and had been monitored at another hospital. Progression of anemia had been recognized at about age 70 years, and the patient was thus referred to our center in 2008 where secondary myelofibrosis was diagnosed based on bone marrow biopsy findings. Hematemesis due to rupture of esophageal varices occurred in January and February of 2011. The bleeding was stopped by endoscopic variceal ligation. Furthermore, in March of the same year, hematemesis recurred and the patient was transported to our center. He was in irreversible hemorrhagic shock and died. The autopsy showed severe bone marrow fibrosis with mainly argyrophilic fibers, an observation consistent with myelofibrosis. The liver weighed 1856 g the spleen 1572 g, indicating marked hepatosplenomegaly. The liver and spleen both showed extramedullary hemopoiesis. Myelofibrosis is often complicated by portal hypertension and is occasionally associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to esophageal varices. A patient diagnosed as having myelofibrosis needs to be screened for esophageal/gastric varices. Myelofibrosis has a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully decide the therapeutic strategy in consideration of the patient's concomitant conditions, treatment invasiveness and quality of life.

关键词： Myelofibrosis Portal hypertension Rupture of esophageal varices

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Enzymes of Two Turfgrass Species Under Salinity Stress

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 213-222页

作者： R.XU M.yamada H.FUJIYAMA United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University

Salinity stress is a major factor limiting the growth of turfgrass irrigated with recycled wastewater. The change in lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde （MDA） content and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxide （APX） and glutathione reductase （GR） in the shoots and roots of Kentucky bluegrass and tall rescue were investigated under salinity stress. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl for 40 d. The MDA content under salinity stress was lower in tall fescue than in Kentucky bluegrass in both shoots and roots. Activities of SOD in the shoots of both species increased with salinity stress. The activities of CAT and APX decreased in Kentucky bluegrass, but no significant difference in the activities of CAT and APX was observed in tall rescue. The activities of SOD, CAT and APX in the shoots of tall fescue were higher than those in Kentucky bluegrass. In the roots of Kentucky bluegrass, SOD and GR activities increased and CAT and APX activities decreased in comparison with the control. In the roots of tall fescue, salinity increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX. These results suggested that tall fescue exhibited a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher SOD, CAT and APX activities than Kentucky bluegrass.

关键词： antioxidants malondialdehyde oxidative stress recycled wastewater salt tolerance

Differential Responses of NHX1 and SOS1 Gene Expressions to Salinity in two Miscanthus sinensis *** with Different Salt Tolerance

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 827-836页

作者： Qian Sun Toshihiko yamada Yulai Han Tetsuo Takano Asian Natural Environmental Science Center(ANESC) The University of TokyoTokyo188-0002Japan College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido UniversitySapporo060-0811Japan

The lignocellulosic crop Miscanthus *** been identified as a good candidate for biomass *** responses of Miscanthus sinensis *** salinity were studied to satisfy the needs for high yields in marginal areas and to avoid competition with food *** results indicated that the relative advantages of the tolerant accession over the sensitive one under saline conditions were associated with restricted Na^(+)accumulation in *** of two accessions(salt-tolerant‘JM0119’and salt-sensitive‘JM0099’)were subjected to 0(control),100,200,and 300 mM NaCl stress to better understand the salt-induced biochemical responses of genes involved in Na^(+)accumulation in *** adaptation responses of genes encoding for Na^(+)/H^(+)antiporters,NHX1 and SOS1 to NaCl stress were examined in JM0119 and *** cDNA sequences of genes examined were highly conserved among the relatives of *** based on the sequencing on approximate 600 bp-long cDNA fragments obtained from degenerate *** salt-induced variations of gene expression investigated by quantitative real-time PCR provided evidences for insights of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in *** expression of NHX1 was up-regulated by salt stress in JM0119 shoot and root ***,it was hardly affected in JM0099 shoot tissue except for a significant increase at the 100 mM salt treatment,and it was salt-suppressed in the JM0099 root *** the root tissue,the expression of SOS1 was induced by the high salt treatment in JM0119 but repressed by all salt treatments in ***,the remarkably higher expression of NHX1 and SOS1 were associated with the resistance to Na^(+)toxicity by regulation of the Na^(+)influx,efflux,and sequestration under different salt conditions.

关键词： Salinity Miscanthus sinensis NHX1 SOS1

Initial management for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第1期25卷 69-84页

作者： Tomonori Aoki Yoshihiro Hirata Atsuo yamada Kazuhiko Koike Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Division of Advanced Genome Medicine the Institute of Medical Sciencethe University of Tokyo

Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB) is a common indication for hospital admission. Patients with LGIB often experience persistent or recurrent bleeding and require blood transfusions and interventions, such as colonoscopic,radiological, and surgical treatments. Appropriate decision-making is needed to initially manage acute LGIB, including emergency hospitalization, timing of colonoscopy, and medication use. In this literature review, we summarize the evidence for initial management of acute LGIB. Assessing various clinical factors,including comorbidities, medication use, presenting symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory data is useful for risk stratification of severe LGIB, and for discriminating upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Early timing of colonoscopy had the possibility of improving identification of the bleeding source, and the rate of endoscopic intervention, compared with elective colonoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography before colonoscopy may help identify stigmata of recent hemorrhage on colonoscopy, particularly in patients who can be examined immediately after the last hematochezia. How to deal with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) and antithrombotic agents after hemostasis should be carefully considered because of the risk of rebleeding and thromboembolic events. In general, aspirin as primary prophylaxis for cardiovascular events and NSAIDs were suggested to be discontinued after LGIB. Managing acute LGIB based on this information would improve clinical outcomes. Further investigations are needed to distinguish patients with LGIB who require early colonoscopy and hemostatic intervention.

关键词： Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Predictive model Colonoscopy Computed tomography Medication