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Molecular compositions and sources of organic aerosols at a rural site on the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China:The importance of biomass burning

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 44-56页

作者： yali Liu Minxia Shen Haijiao Liu Wenting Dai Weining Qi Yifan Zhang Lu Li Yue Cao Xin wang Xiao Guo Yingkun Jiang Jianjun Li State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and PhysicsInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi'an 710061China National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain ShaanxiChina

The concentration of PM_(2.5)has considerably reduced in recent years,but remains relatively high in China.In particular,the increasing contribution of organic compounds to PM_(2.5)generates popular pressure for further reductions,resulting in an urgent need to study organic aerosol(OA).To investigate the molecular composition and source contribution of OA in the rural area of the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China,PM_(2.5)samples were collected during 3–23 August 2016 and 5–20 January 2017 and studied for more than 100 organic tracer compounds.The mean concentration of total measured organic compounds is 662±296 ng/m^(3)in summer and 3258±1925 ng/m^(3)in winter.Levoglucosan is the most abundant single compound found throughout the sampling period,which is a crucial tracer for biomass burning emissions,preliminary suggesting that biomass burning is an essential source of OA.In summer,organic compounds such as lipid compounds,sugar compounds,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),more come from higher plants,wood burning,vehicle exhausts,plastic waste,and other direct emission sources.Oxygenated PAHs(OPAHs),nitrophenols,and phthalic acids more come from the atmosphere through the oxidation reaction of aromatic precursors,especially photochemical oxidation.However,in winter,most of the increases in concentrations of organic compounds are attributed to biomass burning.The analysis of a haze event(14–19 January 2017)during the winter sampling period shows that the increases in the concentration of organic compounds are unaccompanied by strong secondary formation under lower relative humidity(49.1%±13.5%).The main reason for the growth of OA in this haze event is the accumulation of primary OA(POA).The source apportionment by the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model shows that biomass burning(37.1%)is the primary source of OA in the rural regions of the Guanzhong Plain,especially in winter(40.6%).The contribution of secondary formation decreases from 26.0%in summer to 16.9%in winter,and the contribution of fossil

关键词： Organic aerosol Molecular composition Seasonal variation Source apportionment Guanzhong Plain

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Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2310-2320页

作者： Yuan Yuan Shangli Ji yali Song Zhaodi Che Lu Xiao Shibo Tang Jia Xiao Aier School of Ophthalmology Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina Changsha Aier Eye Hospital ChangshaHunan ProvinceChina Aier Eye Institute ChangshaHunan ProvinceChina Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

关键词： clinical trials diabetic cataracts diabetic eye disease diabetic glaucoma diabetic macular edema diabetic retinopathy drug development global research publication research grant

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Characterization of dissolved organic matter in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh in Chongming Island,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 128-141页

作者： Tangrong HE Fenfen ZHANG yali wang Xiaogang CHEN Jinzhou DU State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202162China Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China

Salt marshes are research hotspots of the carbon cycle in coastal zones because large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide is fi xed by salt marshes vegetation and stored in its biomass and soil.Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in submarine groundwater(well water and pore water)in salt marshes plays an important role in advective exchange between the salt marshes and coastal waters.However,the molecular characteristics of DOC in salt marsh groundwater are poorly understood because of the complex DOC structures and hydrodynamic process.In this study,fl uorescent components and refractory DOC(RDOC)in submarine groundwater from a salt marsh(Chongming Island,China)and adjacent coastal water were characterized by fl uorescence spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The fl uorescent components identifi ed by parallel factor analysis indicated that humic-like substances dominated the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater.The chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater had non-conservative behaviors because of additions from terrestrial humic substances.The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that bioactive substances(carbohydrates)contributed only 13.2%-14.8%of the dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater but carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules(CRAMs),the main components of RDOC,contributed 64.5%of the dissolved organic matter.Carbohydrates and CRAMs contributed 16.4%and 61.7%of the dissolved organic matter in the coastal water,similar to the contributions for submarine groundwater.The DOC concentration in submarine groundwater was 386±294μmol/L,which was signifi cantly higher than that in coastal water(91±19μmol/L).The high DOC concentrations and>60%relative RDOC content suggested that submarine groundwater may be an important source of RDOC to coastal seawater.This information will be helpful for estimating the climate eff ects of salt marsh blue carbon.

关键词： submarine groundwater dissolved organic carbon fl uorescence refractory dissolved organic carbon salt marsh Chongming Island

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Edge atomic Fe sites decorated porous graphitic carbon as an efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst for Zinc-air batteries

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能源化学:英文版 2023年第8期83卷 602-611,I0014页

作者： Ruihui Gan yali wang Xiangwu Zhang Yan Song Jingli Shi Chang Ma Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China Fiber and Polymer Science Program Department of Textile EngineeringChemistry and ScienceWilson College of TextilesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-8301uNITED sTATES CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina

The development of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER) is critical to the practical application of zinc-air batteries(ZABs). Herein, a silica-assisted method is reported to integrate numerous accessible edge Fe-Nx sites into porous graphitic carbon(named Fe-N-G) for achieving highly active and robust oxygen electrocatalysis. Silica facilitates the formation of edge Fe-Nx sites and dense graphitic domains in carbon by inhibiting iron aggregation.The purification process creates a well-developed mass transfer channel for Fe-N-G. Consequently,Fe-N-G delivers a half-wave potential of 0.859 V in ORR and an overpotential of 344 m V at10 m A cm^(-2)in OER. During long-term operation, the graphitic layers protect edge Fe-Nx sites from demetallation in ORR and synergize with Fe OOH species endowing Fe-N-G with enhanced OER activity.Density functional theory calculations reveal that the edge Fe-Nx site is superior to the in-plane Fe-Nx site in terms of OH* dissociation in ORR and OOH* formation in OER. The constructed ZAB based on Fe-N-G cathode shows a higher peak power density of 133 m W cm^(-2)and more stable cycling performance than Pt/C + RuO2counterparts. This work provides a novel strategy to obtain high-efficiency bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts through space mediation.

关键词： Bifunctionality EdgeFe-Nxsites Oxygen catalysis Graphitic domains Zinc-air batteries

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A small organic molecule strategy for remedying oxygen vacancies by bismuth defects in BiOBr nanosheet with excellent photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 297-306页

作者： Jing Xie Zhenjiang Lu Yue Feng Jianguo Huang Jindou Hu Aize Hao yali Cao State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of ChemistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

Defect modulation currently plays a decisive role in addressing the poor photoabsorption,sluggish electron hole separation,and high CO_(2)activation barrier in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.However,hunting for a straightforward strategy to balance the concentration of oxygen vacancy and metal cation defect in one photocatalyst is still a great challenge.Herein,a bismuth vacancies BiOBr nanosheets(BiOBr-1)on the exposed[001]facets were constructed via an acetic acid molecule modification strategy,which can repair oxygen defect by bismuth vacancy in low-temperature solid-state chemical method.Benefiting from the formed bismuth defects that can not only broaden light absorption and elevate charge separation efficiency,but also enhance adsorption and activation of CO_(2)molecules,the evolution rates of photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion into CO(71.23μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))and CH4(8.90μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))attained by BiOBr-1 are superior 7.1 and 11 times to that of plate-like BiOBr.The photocatalytic mechanisms including adsorption concentration and activation process of CO_(2)are further revealed by the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared flourier transform spectra(DRIFTS).This finding of the existence of distinct defects in ultrathin nanosheets undoubtedly leads to new possibilities for photocatalyst design using two-dimensional materials with high solar-driven photocatalytic activity.

关键词： solid-state synthesis BiOBr metal vacancies photocatalysis carbon dioxide reduction

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Recent progress in photoelectrocatalysis of g-C3N4 for water environment remediation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2022年第5期32卷 538-553页

作者： Fenfen Liang Huifang wang Ruoqi Yu Cheng Liu yali wang Lizhong Bai Chunli Hao Guodong Hao The Cultivation Base of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Mining Area Ecological Restoration and Solid Wastes Utilization Shanxi Institute of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shanxi Institute of Technology Mudanjiang Normal University

Water environmental pollutants have become one of the most serious environmental issues, and the removal of various environmental pollution(dyes, phenols, pesticides, heavy metal ions, etc.) is of particular concern because of their toxicity and refractory. Compared to conventional eliminating routes, photoelectrocatalysis(PEC), is considered as a promising strategy since it combines the advantages of photocatalysis(PC) and electrocatalysis(EC). However, it still encounters bottlenecks of scarce reaction sites and low product selectivity, restricting its development toward practical applications. In recent years, various of g–C3N4–based composites were used for the remediation of these typical environmental pollutants. Given this situation, this review summarizes the latest progress in the design and preparation of novel g–C3N4–based composites and their PEC degradation different pollution in the water environment. Some removal mechanisms are briefly discussed, and the prospects are presented for further research.

关键词： Photoelectrocatalysis G-C 3 N 4 Pollutants removal Water environment

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Reform of the Comprehensive Practical Course System for Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Majors Under the Background of New Engineering

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2024年第2期8卷 85-90页

作者： yali Yu Keyi wang Yong Yang College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001Heilongjiang ProvinceChina

Under the background of new engineering,the reform of the comprehensive practical course system for mechanical and electronic engineering majors actively responds to the challenges posed by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to higher education,cultivating top-notch innovative intellectuals with comprehensive engineering qualities,meeting the requirements of being able to solve complex engineering problems rather than just cognitive capabilities,forming two core courses through reconstructing and reshaping the core courses of the major.The core courses include Drive,Measurement,and Control I and Drive,Measurement,and Control II,which highlight the comprehensive framework of mechanical and electronic engineering professional knowledge,continuing the comprehensive practical course system based on the unity of knowledge and practice,following the trend of new engineering,highlighting the practicality of professional innovation,assisting engineering education reform,and promoting high-quality development of new engineering professionals cultivation.

关键词： Comprehensive engineering quality Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Practical course system New engineering

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Overlooked uneven progress across sustainable development goals at the global scale: Challenges and opportunities

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 42-50页

作者： yali Liu Jianqing Du Yanfen wang Xiaoyong Cui Jichang Dong Pan Gu Yanbin Hao Kai Xue Hongbo Duan Anquan Xia Yi Hu Zhi Dong Bingfang Wu Jüurgen P.Kropp Bojie Fu School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Humanities University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research 14412 PotsdamGermany Institute for Environmental Science and Geography University of Potsdam14412 PotsdamGermany State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Differences in progress across sustainable development goals(SDGs)are widespread globally;meanwhile,the rising call for prioritizing specific SDGs may exacerbate such gaps.Nevertheless,how these progress differences would influence global sustainable development has been long neglected.Here,we present the first quantitative assessment of SDGs’progress differences globally by adopting the SDGs progress evenness index.Our results highlight that the uneven progress across SDGs has been a hindrance to sustainable development because(1)it is strongly associated with many public health risks(e.g.,air pollution),social inequalities(e.g.,gender inequality,modern slavery,wealth gap),and a reduction in life expectancy;(2)it is also associated with deforestation and habitat loss in terrestrial and marine ecosystems,increasing the challenges related to biodiversity conservation;(3)most countries with low average SDGs performance show lower progress evenness,which further hinders their fulfillment of SDGs;and(4)many countries with high average SDGs performance also showcase stagnation or even retrogression in progress evenness,which is partly ascribed to the antagonism between climate actions and other goals.These findings highlight that while setting SDGs priorities may be more realistic under the constraints of multiple global stressors,caution must be exercised to avoid new problems from intensifying uneven progress across goals.Moreover,our study reveals that the urgent needs regarding SDGs of different regions seem complementary,emphasizing that regional collaborations(e.g.,demand-oriented carbon trading between SDGs poorly performed and well-performed countries)may promote sustainable development achievements at the global scale.

关键词： globally priori inequality

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Existence of Solutions for Systems of k-Dimensional Minkowski-Curvature Problems with Neumann Conditions

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2024年第1期44卷 35-42页

作者： Tianlan CHEN yali ZHAO Haiyi WU Department of Mathematics Northwest Normal University

We prove the existence of solutions of the system for nonlocal Neumann problems with Minkowski-curvature operator■,where k,N≥1 are integers,f:[0,1]×Rk→Rkis continuous and g:[0,1]→Rkis a function of bounded variat... 详细信息

关键词： Minkowski-curvature operator Perturbation method Neumann problem solutions

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Analysis of the Immune Response by Standardized Whole‑Blood Stimulation with Metabolism Modulation

Phenomics

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Phenomics 2024年第1期4卷 81-89页

作者： Jialin Zhao Xuling Han Helian Li yali Luo Yan Fang Yun wang Jian Gao Yiran Zhao Jingxuan Han Feng Qian State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering ShanghaiPublic Health Clinical CenterHuman PhenomeInstituteZhangjiang Fudan International InnovationCenter and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of ContemporaryAnthropology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Institute of Immunophenome International Human PhenomeInstitutes(Shanghai)Shanghai 200433China

The immune system defends the body from infection and plays a vital role in a wide range of health conditions.Metabolism afects a series of physiological processes,including those linked to the function of human immune system.Cellular metabolism modulates immune cell activation and cytokine production.Understanding the relationship between metabolism and immune response has important implications for the development of immune-based therapeutics.However,the deployment of large-scale functional assays to investigate the metabolic regulation of immune response has been limited by the lack of standardized procedures.Here,we present a protocol for the analysis of immune response using standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolism modulation.Diverse immune stimuli including pattern recognition receptor(PRR)ligands and microbial stimuli were incubated with fresh human whole blood.The metabolic inhibitors were used to modulate metabolic status in the immune cells.The variable immune responses after metabolic interventions were evaluated.We described in detail the main steps involved in the whole-blood stimulation and cytokines quantifcation,namely,collection and treatment of whole blood,preparation of samples and controls,cytokines detection,and stimulation with metabolic interventions.The metabolic inhibitors for anabolic pathways and catabolic pathways exert selective efects on the production of cytokines from immune cells.In addition to a robust and accurate assessment of immune response in cohort studies,the standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolic regulation might provide new insights for modulating immunity.

关键词： Immune response Whole blood stimulation Cytokines Immunometabolism

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