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Demographic Characteristics of Patients and Causes Leading to Chronic Renal Failure in Children Admitted to Mashhad Children Hospital

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2017年第2期7卷 47-55页

作者： Anoush Azarfar Mohammad Esmaeeli yalda ravanshad Mitra Naseri Shapour Badiee Aval Fatemeh Ghanee Sharbaf Sahar ravanshad Hassan Mehrad-Majd Zohreh Mohammadi Department of Pediatric Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Clinical Research Unit Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Acupuncture Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Internal Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran

Background: An irreversible renal function impairment is called chronic renal failure (CRF) which finally leads to the “end-stage renal disease” (ESRD) and requires renal replacement therapies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, prevalence of epidemiological indicators (age, sex), and causes of chronic renal failure in children in Mashhad (one of the big cities of Iran). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on patients’ records over a seven-year period (2008-2014) in Doctor Sheikh Children’s Hospital of Mashhad. The inclusion criteria were all children under 20 years old diagnosed with ESRD, with a GFR less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 who were referred to the hospital during the study period. Patients’ information, such as age, gender, onset of dialysis, causes of constructing renal failure, and positive or negative antigen of hepatitis B was extracted from their records. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: A total of 326 patients were studied, of which, 56.4% were male. 45.1% were from 7 to 18 years. 56.4% of patients were on hemodialysis and others were on peritoneal dialysis. The most common cause of chronic renal failure in the study was respectively reflux nephropathy (32.9%), nephrotic syndrome (8.9%), neurogenic bladder (5.5%), stones (2.5%), glomerulopathy (2.1%) and cystinosis (1.5%) and (20.9%) had unknown cause. During the 7-year period of study considering the treatment outcomes, 69.3% of patients needed to continue the dialysis;10.4% underwent transplantation;10.4% unfortunately died despite of treatment and 1.5% were cured. Conclusions: It is hoped that considering the clinical symptoms of children with chronic renal failure and the diagnosis of the cause, we can reduce complications of the disease with a quick diagnosis and treatment, as well as appropriate follow-up.

关键词： Chronic Renal Failure Children Chronic Kidney Disease

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Phylogeny and drug resistance of HIV PR gene among HIV patients receiving RT inhibitors in Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 451-454页

作者： Kazem Baesi Majedeh Moradbeigi Mehrdad ravanshad Ashrafolnesa Baghban Hepatitis & AIDS Department Pasteur Institute of Iran Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Virology Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares University

Objective: To survey the level and patterns of reverse transcriptase-based drug resistance and subtype distribution among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected patients receiving only reverse transcriptase inhibitors in ***: A total of 25 samples of antiretroviral therapy experienced patients with no history of using protease inhibitors were collected. After RNA extraction, reverse transcriptase-nested PCR was performed. The final products were sequenced and then analysed for drug-resistant mutations and ***: No drug resistant mutations were observed among the 25 subjects. The results showed the following subtypes among patients: CRF 35_AD(88%), CRF 28_BF(8%),and CRF 29_BF(4%).Conclusions: A significant increase in drug resistance has been noted in recentlyinfected patients worldwide. Subtype distributions are needed to perform properlydesigned surveillance studies to continuously monitor rates and patterns of transmitted drug resistance and subtypes to help guide therapeutic approaches and limit transmission of these variants.

关键词： HIV Highly active antiretroviral therapy Transmitted drug resistance Protease inhibitor

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