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Iron Deficiency among Blood Donors in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2014年第3期4卷 33-42页

作者： Osaro Erhabor Sani Imrana Hauwa A. Buhari yakubu Abdulrahaman Abubakar A. Wase Dorcas Ikhuenbor Festus Aghedo Department of Haematology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Department of Haematology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Objectives: There is a paucity of information on the prevalence of iron deficiency among blood donors in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria. The present study was, therefore, designed to investigate the prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with iron deficiency among blood donors in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria using a combination of haemoglobin haematocrit and serum ferritin measurements. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty consecutively recruited whole blood donors, comprising of 148 (98.7%) family replacement donors and 2 (1.3%) voluntary non-remunerated donors, 145 male (96.7%) and 5 (3.33%) female blood donors aged 18 - 60 years with mean age 39 ±?21 years constituted the subjects for this study. Subjects included farmers 55 (43.3%), 56 civil servants (37.3%) and 39 (26%) students. The full blood count was carried out using Mythic 22 CT fully automated haematology analyser (Orphee SA, Switzerland). Serum was tested for ferritin using a human ferritin enzyme immunoassay kit—ACCU DiagTM ELISA Ferritin kit (Diagnostic Automation/Cortez Diagnostic Inc. California (U.S.A). Result: Three haematological parameters (haemoglobin, packed cell volume and serum ferritin) were assessed among blood donors. The haemoglobin, packed cell volume and ferritin levels were significantly lower among regular voluntary remunerated blood donors (13.5 ±?0.00, 43.5 ±?2.0 and 34.88 ±?0.00) compared to Family replacement donors (14.10 ±?.40, 45 ±?3.0 and 74.12 ±?45.20) respectively (p =?0.01, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively). The mean haemoglobin, packed cell volume and ferritin levels were compared among donors based on gender. The haemoglobin, packed cell volume and ferritin were significantly higher among male donors (14.2 ±?2.0, 44 ±?4.0 and 78.02 ±?49.10) compared to female donors (12.35 ±?2.5, 42 ±?3.0 and 42.2 ±?32.13) (p =?0.01, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively). The mean haemoglobin, packed cell volume and ferri

关键词： Iron Deficiency Blood Donors Sokoto Nigeria

Environmental Exposure to Lead, Vanadium, Copper and Selenium: Possible Implications in the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 247-258页

作者： A. O. Akinade I. O. Omotosho I. A. Lagunju M. A. yakubu Department of Chemical Pathology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Environmental Science and Technology Texas Southern University Houston TX USA

Human exposure to toxic metals is on the increase especially in the developing world;this is compounded by the almost unavoidable application of the metals domestically and industrially and their implication in several genetic defects, aging and some chronic illnesses including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study investigated the concentration of toxic metals (Pb and V) and micro-essential elements (Cu and Se) in children with ASD and controls in Nigeria towards establishing their possible associations with the aetiopathogenesis of ASD. Eight children clinically diagnosed by Paediatric Neurologist and Child Psychiatrist for ASD using DMS-IV and fifteen apparently healthy children (age range 2 - 12 years) were recruited as cases and controls respectively. Plasma levels of Pb, V, Cu and Se were analyzed using Induction ICP-MS. Results were analyzed using students t-test. The mean plasma lead and vanadium levels were (7.92 ± 1.30 μg/dl;1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) and (6.83 ± 0.72 μg/dl;2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) in children with ASD and in controls respectively. The result showed that blood lead level in ASD was slightly increased but not significant when compared with control (p < 0.433). On the other hand, plasma vanadium concentration in ASD was significantly reduced (1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) when compared with control (2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) (P < 0.038). Mean plasma copper was similar in all participants (1.98 ± 0.13, 2.23 ± 0.12) but selenium concentrations were significantly reduced (0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L;0.57 ± 0.02 mg/L) in ASD relative to controls respectively. Given the physiological functions of vanadium and selenium, the observed reduced levels of the two elements in children with ASD may account for the speech and other neurological dysfunctions of the brain in ASD.

关键词： Toxic and Essential Metals Autism Spectrum Disorder Children Aetiopathogenesis

Optimisation of Crude Oil Adsorbent Developed from a Modified Styrene Kenaf Shive

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 38-51页

作者： Zwahruddeen Muhammad Salisu Ishiaku S. Umaru Danladi Abdullahi Mohammed Kabir yakubu Diya’uddeen Bashir Hasan National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Zaria Nigeria Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria Nigeria Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT) Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria Nigeria

A new kind of hydrophobic crude oil sorbent was successfully developed by grafting kenaf shive with styrene monomer. In this paper, crude oil sorbents were developed through regeneration method by varying the initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes in the range of 0.5 - 2.5 wt%, 0.5 - 2.0 wt % and 125 - 1000 μm respectively. This research approach for the development of crude oil sorbent from graft modified kenaf shive/core and the aforementioned variable optimization has not been reported. The effect studies of the individual and combine factors were carried out using a statistical experimental design matrix using five-level central composite design (CCD). Respond surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise and develop equations of the aforementioned variables (initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes). The optimal swelling capacity of 616% and 267% lower retention were achieved at initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle size of 12.5 wt%, 1.50 wt% and 562 μm respectively. TGA-DTA, XRD and BET analysis were carried out on optimised sample and, FTIR was carried on both unmodified (UG) and optimized sorbent. Further computations were done for grafting efficiency (GE), homopolymers and density. The findings display the effect of the three variables and navigation equations were generated for further investigations on them. However, the results show the feasibility and robustness of facile oil sorption.

关键词： Sorbent Initiator Crude Oil Kenaf Shive Respond Surface Methodology (RSM)

Clinical Versus Doppler Based Assessment in Determining Amputation Level in Diabetic Foot Gangrene;A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study at Atbuth, Bauchi

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期14卷 366-373页

作者： Shaphat Shuaibu Ibrahim Stephen Yusuf Abubakar Musa Shirama yakubu Bababa Yusuf Aliyu Salihu Makama Baje Salihu Bukar Shehu Department of Orthoepaedics and Trauma Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Radiology Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Surgery Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Amputation is defined as the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb through the bone. If the amputation is done above or below the knee, they are termed major while minor amputations involve the partial removal of foot including forefoot resections, ray amputation of the digits or parts of the digits. Significant number of patients with diabetic foot ulcers end with amputations. In the past the amputation level was decided by clinical assessment alone, such as physical examination using color, temperature, peripheral pulses and wound bleeding during surgical procedure. The use of Doppler ultrasound to measure arterial blood pressure at the proposed amputation site has been advocated as a predictor of amputation success. An optimal choice of the level of amputation can reduce amputation complications. Methodology: A Prospective comparative randomized cross-sectional study carried out between 1st January 2022 and 1st January 2024 in ATBUTH, Bauchi amongst patients with diabetic foot Wagener stage IV and V scheduled for amputation. Outcome measures of wound break down, flap necrosis and re-amputation were assessed amongst the clinical based level assessment group and the doppler based level assessment group. Results: A total of 171 patients were recruited into the study. Males 103 and 68 are females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. mean age 47 years. There were 84 patients in the clinical based level assessment group and 87 patients in the doppler based level assessment. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus foot disease is a significant risk factor for non-traumatic lower limb amputation and doppler level assessment is superior to clinical level in determining amputation level among diabetic patients scheduled for amputation. P-value 0.003.

关键词： Diabetics Amputation Foot Gangrene Doppler Clinical

Haematological and Biochemical Indices of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed Graded Levels of Spurge Weeds (Euphorbia heterophylla) Leaf Meal

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 204-218页

作者： Samson Odeh Upah Kanan Tyohemba Orayaga Rose Nenrotmwa yakubu Iliya Yohanna Gyang Ogbu Martins Odeh Sati Thomas Magaji Department of Animal Production College of Animal Science Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Animal Production Technology Plateau State College of Agriculture Garkawa Garkawa Nigeria Department of Animal Health Technology Plateau State College of Agriculture Garkawa Garkawa Nigeria

The study aimed to investigate the Haematological and Serum Biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens fed graded levels of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf meal (EHLM) also known as spurge weed. The birds were allotted into six dietary treatments of ten birds segregated into three replicates each. The diets formulated with EHLM were included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% levels in diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively to replace soybean. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Uncoagulated blood samples were collected from the birds at the end of the 56 days feeding trial and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentrate (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were calculated using PCV, RBC and Hb. The blood meant for serological analysis was centrifuged at 1000 G for 10 minutes, after which the serum was separated and used for determining serum total protein (Tp), Albumin, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The results revealed that the control group had significantly higher values of PCV, RBC, and Hb compared to other treatment groups. However, the values of MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, heterophils, and eosinophils were similar to the control. The biochemical parameters showed significant differences among treatment groups, but not significantly different from the control. The study concluded that EHLM may not pose a health challenge to broiler chickens at levels of 5 - 15 percent, but improved health, immunity and performance can be achieved at the 15% inclusion level.

关键词： Biochemical Haematological Euphorbia heterophylla Leaf Blood Profile

Assessment of the Affordability of Out-of-Pocket Payments among Some Selected People Living with HIV in Kano, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2021年第2期11卷 71-83页

作者： Ibrahim Jahun Mustapha Mukhtar Aminu yakubu Musa Zakirai Bamidele Moyosola Ahmad Aliyu Abdulrazaq G. Habib Gambo Aliyu National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) Abuja Nigeria Department of Economics Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria 54gene Laboratories Lekki Lagos Nigeria National Population Commission Abuja Nigeria School of Global Health and Bioethics EUCLID University Banjul The Gambia Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) Abuja Nigeria Department of Medicine Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria

Introduction: With an estimated 1.8 million People Living with HIV (PLHIV), Nigeria’s HIV response is still heavily donor dependent. However, with anticipated decline in donor funding for HIV/AIDS program as the country takes ownership of the program, understanding financing options for PLHIV is important. One of such financing options is affordability of out-of-pocket payments (OOP) for anti-retroviral drugs (ARV) by PLHIV. We assessed affordability of OOP payments for ARVs in Kano State, North-Western Nigeria. Methods: Four Hundred and sixty-nine PLHIV receiving donor-supported-free ARV in Kano, North Western Nigeria were systematically selected and interviewed during routine clinic visits. Affordability for ARV was assessed by a combination of variables including willingness and financial means to incur extra expense for full dose of ARV based on landing and distribution cost of 8.3 USD (about 3,000 NGN) per month dose. Results: Four hundred and sixty-nine respondents were interviewed. Of those, 72 (15.4%, 95% CI: [13.2 - 19.7]) can afford ARV OOP on monthly base. The proportion of males able to pay 3,000 NGN (8.3 USD) or more OOP for ARVs was not different from that of women (15.5% versus 15.2%). Attending school, education level, employment, monthly income and wealth have all been found to be associated with willingness and ability to pay for monthly dose of ARV OOP (p Conclusion/recommendation: Majority of PLHIV in Kano State may not afford ARV OOP in the event of withdrawal of supports by international donors. Innovative sustainable financing mechanisms from domestic resources are needed for HIV program sustainability.

关键词： PLHIV HIV Program Sustainability HIV Out of Pocket Payments Catastrophic HIV Expenditure

Laboratory Quality Audit in 25 Anti-Retroviral Therapy Facilities in North West of Nigeria

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2014年第4期4卷 193-204页

作者： Feyisayo Ebenezer Jegede Henry Akwen Mbah Timothy Nathaniel yakubu Oluwasanmi Adedokun Olubunmi Ruth Negedu-Momoh Kwasi Torpey Family Health International (FHI360) Abuja Nigeria

Introduction: A laboratory’s ability to consistently produce high-quality and reliable results hinges on adopting laboratory standards that guide daily practices to ensure steady quality improvement. Although assessment is an extremely rewarding exercise in health care quality improvement processes, it is always considered very time consuming and expensive in developing world settings. A quarterly internal audit was conducted in 25 FHI360 supported Antiretroviral Treatment laboratories in the North West of Nigeria which can surely provide reference for other countries. Methodology: A checklist adapted from the World Health Organization/African Regional Office laboratory accreditation checklist was used to quantitatively evaluate 7 quality essentials (QEs). A team composed of technical staff from FHI360, State Ministry of Health and facility laboratory heads, conducted the audits, developed and monitored intervention plans. Information obtained with the checklist was captured in excel, validated and imported into Grappa Prism software version 5.0 for analysis. Results: Most (92%) facilities were at secondary level with (8%) at tertiary level. The mean total score on all QEs across the facilities was 63.34 ± 9.77 in quarter (Q) 1, 68.8 ± 10.91 in Q2, 72.59 ± 8.02 in Q3 and 72.72 ± 9.16 in Q4 (p ≤ 0.0001). The most improved QE through Q1-Q4 was organization and personnel (32.2%), while signage/bench top reference had an 18.6% point decline. In ranking facilities based on differences of total scores between Q4 and Q1, Kachia General Hospital was the highest with 27 point increase. Considering the mean percentage score for all quarters per facility, 4 had ≥ 80%, 19 had between 60%-80% and 2 had <60%. The total non-conformities cited for QI-Q4 were 185, 100, 78 and 64 respectively with highest recorded in internal and external quality control and the least in facility and safety. Conclusion: We recorded some improvement in most QEs confirming the benefits of internal audi

关键词： Laboratory Internal Audits Quality Essentials Non-Conformities Nigeria

Identifying Malaria Hotspots Regions in Ghana Using Bayesian Spatial and Spatiotemporal Models

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第2期4卷 69-78页

作者： Abdul-Karim Iddrisu Dominic Otoo Gordon Hinneh yakubu Dekongmene Kanyiri Kanimam Yaaba Samuel Cecilia Kubio Francis Balungnaa Dhari Veriegh Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani 233Ghana Department of Statistical Service Ghana Statistical ServiceBono RegionSunyani 233Ghana Department of Mathematics and ICT Gambaga College of EducationSunyani 233Ghana Human Resources Division University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani 233Ghana Department of Biological Science University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani 233Ghana.

Background:Malaria remains a significant public health concern in Ghana,with varying risk levels across different geographical *** affects millions of people each year and imposes a substantial burden on the health care system and *** risk estimation and mapping are crucial for effectively allocating resources and implementing targeted interventions to identify regions with disease *** study aimed to identify regions exhibiting elevated malaria risk so that public health interventions can be implemented,and to identify malaria risk predictors that can be controlled as part of public health interventions for malaria ***:The data on laboratory-confirmed malaria cases from 2015 to 2021 were obtained from the Ghana Health Service and Ghana Statistical *** studied the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of the relative risk of malaria using Bayesian spatial and spatiotemporal *** malaria risk for each region was mapped to visually identify regions with malaria *** and heterogeneity of disease risks were established using correlated and uncorrelated structures via the conditional autoregressive and Gaussian models,*** estimates from the marginal posterior distribution were estimated within the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation using the R ***:The spatial model indicated an increased risk of malaria in the North East,Bono East,Ahafo,Central,Upper West,Brong Ahafo,Ashanti,and Eastern *** spatiotemporal model results highlighted an elevated malaria risk in the North East,Upper West,Upper East,Savannah,Bono East,Central,Bono,and Ahafo *** spatial and spatiotemporal models identified the North East,Upper West,Bono East,Central,and Ahafo Regions as hotspots for malaria *** variations in risk were evident across regions(H=104.9,P<0.001).Although climatic and economic factors influenced malaria infection,statistical significance was not

关键词： Malaria Disease hotspot Bayesian modeling Conditional auto-regressive Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation Spatial and spatiotemporal models

Studies on the Antibacterial Activity of the Extract of Stachysarpheta angustifolia

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南京医科大学学报（自然科学版） 2003年第4期23卷 424-424页

作者： yakubu M Bello Odama L E Nandita B De DepartmentofIntergratedScience CollegeofEducation.PMB39MinnanigerStateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the scientific bases for the traditional use of stachytarpheta ***:In vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous and ethanol extract of the plant was investigated using the agar cup plate diffustion ***:The ethanol extract of the plant showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli,Streptococcus faecalis,Shigella dysenteriae,Staphylococcus aureus(***),Salmonella sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorthoseae,while the water extract was active against Escherichia coli,Streptococcus faecalis,Shigella dysenteriae,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas *** ethanol extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the water extract,The minimum inhibitory comcentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of the ethanol extract were0.65g/L and 0.85g/L,*** *** of the extract at higher temperature,60℃ increased the sensitivity of the test of ganisms to the plant *** analysis indicated that the plant possesses tannins,saponins as well as ***:A scientific basis that the plant possesses antibacterial activity and it could be a probable source of therapeutic agent.

关键词：中药 Stachysarpheta-angustifolia 抗菌活性提取工艺