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Treating Urinary Incontinence with Electrical Stimulus: A Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第4期12卷 258-266页

作者： Isabella Romero Estevez Qi Wei Seyed Abbas Shobeiri yael Baumfeld Department of Bioengineering George Mason University Fairfax VA USA Biomedical Engineering Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology INOVA Women’s Hospital Falls Church VA USA

Urinary incontinence markedly affects women’s quality of life. There are several methods to mitigate or reduce this problem such as medication, surgery, or exercises. Of various types of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder consists of one category, which is often resistant to various treatments. Electrical stimulation methods have been considered a treatment option of overactive bladder. We here briefly summarize various treatment options for urinary incontinence, with special reference to the role of electrical stimulation methods for this disease. Electrical stimulation methods include vaginal electrical stimulation (VES), posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). The three methods have shown good results, and these findings will contribute to achieving a better quality of life for patients.

关键词： Urge Urinary Incontinence Overactive Bladder Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation Sacral Nerve Stimulation

Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes:A single-center experience

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第1期12卷 56-68页

作者： Sari Krepel Volsky Shlomit Shalitin Elena Fridman Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan Liora Lazar Rachel Bello Tal Oron Ariel Tenenbaum Liat de Vries yael Lebenthal National Center for Childhood Diabetes The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesSchneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelPetach-Tikva 4920235Israel Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D)contributes to altered lipid profiles and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD).Youth with T1D may have additional CVD risk factors within the first decade of *** To examine risk factors for dyslipidemia in young subjects with *** Longitudinal and cross-sectional retrospective study of 170 young subjects with T1D(86 males;baseline mean age 12.2±5.6 years and hemoglobin A1c 8.4%±1.4%)were followed in a single tertiary diabetes center for a median duration of 15 *** for outcomes of lipid profiles at last visit(total cholesterol[TC],triglycerides[TGs],low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol[LDL-c],and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol[HDL-c])were analyzed by stepwise linear regression *** At baseline,79.5%of the patients had at least one additional CVD risk factor(borderline dyslipidemia/dyslipidemia[37.5%],pre-hypertension/hypertension[27.6%],and overweight/obesity[16.5%])and 41.6%had multiple(≥2)CVD risk factors.A positive family history of at least one CVD risk factor in a first-degree relative was reported in 54.1%of the *** of elevated TC:family history of CVD(β[SE]=23.1[8.3],P=0.006);of elevated LDL-c:baseline diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(β[SE]=11.4[4.7],P=0.003)and family history of CVD(β[SE]=20.7[6.8],P=0.017);of elevated TGs:baseline DBP(β[SE]=23.8[9.1],P=0.010)and family history of CVD(β[SE]=31.0[13.1],P=0.020);and of low HDL-c levels:baseline DBP(β[SE]=4.8[2.1],P=0.022]).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that elevated lipid profiles are associated with DBP and a positive family history of *** is of utmost importance to prevent and control modifiable risk factors such as these,as early as childhood,given that inadequate glycemic control and elevation in blood pressure intensify the risk of dyslipidemia.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Children and adolescents Cardiovascular disease risk factors Dyslipidemia Hypertension Family history of cardiovascular disease risk factors

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建筑与美

Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Red and Yellow Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>Willd.) Seeds as Affected by Baking and Cooking Conditions

作者： (以)yael Reisner (澳)Fleur Watson

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1150-1155页

作者： yael Brend Liel Galili Hana Badani Ran Hovav Shmuel Galili Agronomy and Natural Resources Department Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel

Seeds with colored testa (seed coat) contain high concentrations of polyphenolic compounds that exhibit high levels of antioxidant activity. Common processing procedures, such as cooking and baking, decrease the levels of these bioactive compounds and consequently, overall antioxidant activity. Here, the effects of baking and cooking processes were examined on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and ferric-reducing ability of plasma antioxidant activity (FRAP AA) of red and yellow quinoa seeds. Our results indicate that red quinoa seed contains significantly higher levels of TPC, TFC and FRAP AA than yellow quinoa seeds. In addition, cooked and baked quinoa seeds retain most of their TPC, TFC and FRAP AA in the final product. Thus, red quinoa seeds processed by these two methods might be considered a functional food, in addition to its traditional role of providing dietary proteins. Due to their high antioxidant activity, red quinoa seeds might also contribute significantly to the management and/or prevention of degenerative diseases associated with free radical damage.

关键词： Colored Quinoa Seeds Processing Total Phenolics Total Flavonoids FRAP

Review of Emerging Technologies in Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第5期12卷 375-385页

作者： Laura De Marzi yael Baumfeld Qi Wei S. Abbas Shobeiri Department of Bioengineering George Mason University Fairfax VA USA Biomedical Engineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology INOVA Women’s Hospital Falls Church VA USA

Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common morbidity with a negative impact on quality of life. These disorders include multiple clinical conditions which range from urinary and defecatory disorders to sexual disorders, affecting 24% of women. Since the pelvic floor is one of the most complex regions in the human body, in order to perform an accurate diagnosis, it is important to combine history taking, physical examination and imaging. While in the past, diagnosis of pelvic floor dysfunction was done using history taking and physical examination alone, it had been recognized the need for imaging as well. In the last decades different imaging modalities have been in use, including magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography scanning and, nowadays, the use of ultrasonography is gaining popularity. Ultrasound technology is evolving, with technology for 3D, 4D, Doppler and more, making it optimal for pelvic floor imaging. In this paper we review the different ultrasound modalities for pelvic floor imaging. The purpose of this review is to introduce the emerging ultrasound technologies for pelvic floor imaging including volume render mode, fusion imaging, framing, motion tracking and color vector mapping and elastography. The different ultrasonography modalities have resulted to be very useful for the diagnosis and assessment of pelvic floor dysfunctions, they are characterized by availability, short time, low cost, and radiation free. However, the effectiveness of the analysis is operator-dependent.

关键词： Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography Volume Render Mode Fusion Imaging Motion Tracking Elastography Manometry

The “Mothers’ Pelvic Floor Support (RECOUP) Clinic” Referral Patterns in Washington DC Area of the United States

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第12期12卷 1237-1244页

作者： yael Baumfeld Wei Qi Roni Tomashev Jonia Alshiek S. Abbas Shobeiri Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology INOVA Women’s Hospital Inova Health System Falls Church USA Department of Bioengineering George Mason University Fairfax USA

Introduction: Childbirth entails many physical, emotional, and societal changes and repercussions, including postpartum depression affecting 20% - 30%, postpartum blues, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We hypothesized that many physical and mental health manifestations of pelvic floor disorders might be masked by the ordinary course of postpartum recovery and not referred out for specialized evaluation. Leveraging our RECOUP (Mothers’ Pelvic Floor Support) Clinic, we explored the referral patterns to this clinic to test our hypothesis. Methods: The study is a single-center observational study including women who presented to the RECOUP Clinic. The clinic’s target patient population includes those with a perineal injury, instrumental delivery, urinary retention, urinary or fecal incontinence, pain, or pelvic pressure associated with childbirth. Results: One hundred and one women were evaluated in the RECOUP Clinic. 45/101 (45%) were not referred but found their way to the clinic through social media and the internet. Very few patients 4/101 (4%) were referred with anal sphincter injuries. (52/101, 51%) were referred after many requests by the patients. Conclusions: Over ninety percent of women evaluated at RECOUP Clinic are self-referred or referred upon the mother’s request. There is an opportunity for physicians and other providers to become more familiar with dedicated clinics for postpartum pelvic floor care. Enhancing such clinical services allows one to reach patients who otherwise will go unserved. Summary: Childbirth is an event with substantial ramifications that should be addressed, and we believe a specialized clinic is an optimal facility, so the RECOUP was founded. In this paper, we explored the referral patterns to our RECOUP clinic.

关键词： Levator Ani Muscles (LAM) Enovaginal Ultrasound Referral Patterns

Patterns of Recurrence in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第11期12卷 1155-1165页

作者： Taylor Hodge yael Naaman Thomas Cade Deborah Neesham Antonia Jones Orla McNally The Royal Women’s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne Victoria Australia

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in high-income countries and has a good prognosis, particularly when diagnosed early. Early stage, low-grade endometrial cancer has a low risk of recurrence, and is detectable on routine follow up. This study aims to identify rates and patterns of recurrence in low-risk endometrial cancer patients and provide evidence for transitioning to community-based follow-up care. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with early-stage, low-grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma treated with surgery from January 1981 to December 2018. The rate and patterns of recurrence were identified and analysed. Results: Of 1215 eligible patients, 24 developed recurrent disease (1.98%). The majority of recurrences were pelvic (70%), and confined to the vaginal vault (41.7%). The median duration of follow up was 44.4 months, and time from primary surgery to diagnosis of recurrent disease was 30.5 months. No significant differences were found between the group of patients who recurred and the group of patients who did not. Twelve (50%) patients with recurrences were asymptomatic, but of these, 10 (83%) had obvious findings during routine surveillance physical examination. The remaining 12 patients (50%) presented with symptoms that prompted investigation that led to the recurrence diagnosis. 78% of recurrences were treated with combination therapy (surgical excision, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal). Ten patients (42%) had salvageable disease. For the non-salvageable cases, there was a mean of 2.1 years from recurrence diagnosis to death. Conclusions: The low recurrence rate of low-risk endometrial cancer following primary surgical management, and the feasibility of detection of recurrent disease, support transitioning surveillance to community-based settings.

关键词： Endometrial Cancer Recurrence Surveillance Survivorship Vaginal Vault

Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst with high intra-cystic carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16355-16358页

作者： Ziv Ben Ari Oranit Cohen-Ezra Jonathan Weidenfeld Tania Bradichevsky Ella Weitzman Uri Rimon yael Inbar Michal Amitai Barak Bar-Zachai Roni Eshkenazy Arie Ariche Daniel Azoulay Liver Disease Center Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv University52621 Tel AvivIsrael Department of Pathology Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv University52621 Tel AvivIsrael Department of Radiology Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv University52621 Tel AvivIsrael Depatrment of Hepatobiliary Surgery Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv University52621 Tel AvivIsrael

A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presentation, evaluation, and surgical management of a symptomatic 45-year-old male found to have a 6.2 cm CHFC. Contrast tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration demonstrated columnar, ciliated epithelium consistent with the histologic diagnosis of CHFC. The intracystic levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were extremely high (978118 U/mL and 973 μg/L, respectively). Histologically, the wall of the cyst showed characteristic pseudopapillae lined with a ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, underlying smooth muscle, an outer fibrous layer and no atypia. Immunohistochemistry for CA19-9 and CEA was positive. This is the first case report of a CHFC in which levels of CA 19-9 and CEA were measured. Our findings suggest that a large sized multilocular cyst and elevated cyst CA19-9 and CEA levels do not exclude a CHFC from consideration in the diagnosis. CHFCs should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Accurate diagnosis of a CHFC is necessary given its potential for malignant transformation, and surgical excision is recommended.

关键词： Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 Carcinoembryonic antigen Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration Magnetic resonance imaging Squamous cell carcinoma

Natural Antioxidants: Function and Sources

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 643-649页

作者： Yevgenia Shebis David Iluz yael Kinel-Tahan Zvy Dubinsky Yaron Yehoshua Department of Environmental Science and Agriculture Beit Berl College Kfar Saba Israel The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan Israel

The definition of antioxidants, given in 1995 by Halliwell and Gutteridge, stated that an antioxidant is “any substance that, when present at low concentrations compared with that of an oxidizable substrate, significantly delays or inhibits oxidation of that substrate” [1]. In 2007, Halliwell gave a more specific definition, stating that an antioxidant is “any substance that delays, prevents or removes oxidative damage to a target molecule” [2]. Oxidation reactions produce free radicals that can start multiple chain reactions that eventually cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants remove these free-radical intermediates by being oxidized themselves, and inhibit other oxidation reactions, thus stopping the harmful chain reactions. Such oxidative processes are dangerous for all living cells, especially those in proximity to sites where active oxygen is released by photosynthesis. Spontaneous oxidation causes food rancidity and spoilage of medicines. Furthermore, oxidative stress is an important part of many human diseases that can occur, inter alia, due to a lack of appropriate nutrition and exercise, air pollution, smoking, and more, leading to lethal diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, it is imperative to include antioxidants in our diets. Due to the fact that synthetically produced antioxidants are currently used in the food and pharmaceutical industries in order to prolong product shelf life, there is currently a strong trend to search for large, available, and efficient natural sources of antioxidants to replace the synthetic ones, thus minimizing damage to our cells.

关键词： Algae Antioxidant Disease