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Photovoltaic waste management in sub-Saharan Africa:current practices in Burkina Faso

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 271-282页

作者： Kodami Badza Yrebegnan Moussa Soro Marie sawadogo Laboratoire Energies Renouvelables et EfficacitéEnergétique Institut International d'Ingenierie de I'Eau et de I'Environnement(2iE)01 BP 594 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa is witnessing a proliferation of photovoltaic(PV)waste due to the increasing number of solar PV power *** waste(panels,batteries,electrical cables,mounting structures,and inverters)consists of elements such as mercury,cadmium,chromium,lead,copper,aluminum,fluorinated compounds,and plastics that are toxic to human health and the environment if a proper management system is not *** many studies worldwide have focused on PV waste management,very few have been conducted in sub-Saharan *** study aims to investigate the current PV waste management system in Burkina Faso,determine stakeholder profiles,and propose strategies to enhance the existing *** research,interviews,questionnaires,and field visits were used in the *** survey showed that young people,mainly under 30 years of age and with a primary education,dominate(70%)in terms of PV waste collection and repair activities,while the more technical recycling and export activities are carried out mainly(88%)by stakeholders older than 40 years and with a secondary education(60%).Among the older stakeholders,100%are aware of the hazardous nature of PV waste,whereas 36%are young *** an environmental perspective,the main source of contamination observed is the release of lead-rich sulfuric acids into water and soil during the collection and repair *** the recycling of batteries and electrical cables,toxic fumes are emitted into the air,and recycling residues rich in toxic substances are *** reduce risks to human health and the environment when managing PV waste,the introduction of legislation,the multiplication of collection points and appropriate infrastructures,the training and awareness-raising of stakeholders,and the extended responsibility of manufacturers are *** on the economic feasibility of setting up formal management structures are needed to complete this work.

关键词： Photovoltaic waste Sub-Saharan Africa Waste management Recycling Batteries Incineration

Trophic Structure of the Fish Community in the Samandeni Reservoir—Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第9期13卷 621-632页

作者： Minoungou Mahamoudou Kiendrebeogo Seni Ouedraogo Raymond Da Nomwine sawadogo marc florent yabyoure Bance Victor Oueda Adama Laboratoire de Biologie et écologie Animales Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Environnement de l’Economie verte et du Changement Climatique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Environnement et Forêts Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Filière Agrosylvopastorale Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Manga Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso

From November 2020 to August 2022, the diet of 12 fish species from the Samandeni reservoir was examined in order to describe the diet and the trophic level of each of them. The analysis of this vital function allows a better knowledge of the concerned ecosystem and gives opportunity for its better management. The fish were sampled with gill nets and cast net. A total of 213 stomach contents of individuals belonging to 12 species grouped in 7 families and 10 genera were analysed. Results showed low to medium vacuity coefficients. The preys were mainly composed of fish, insects, detritus, zooplankton and phytoplankton. Variability in the use of resources by individuals was evident. Thus, the 12 species were classified as fish-eating predators, granivorous, zooplanktivorous, insectivorous and filter-feeding microphages. Then, the fish trophic structure of the Samandeni reservoir was elaborated.

关键词： Diet Vacuity Coefficient Trophic Organisation Samandeni Burkina Faso

Physical and coupled fully three-dimensional numerical modeling of pressurized bottom outlet flushing processes in reservoirs

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第5期34卷 461-474页

作者： Ousmane sawadogo Gerrit R.Basson Simon Schneiderbauer Department of Civil Engineering Stellenbosch University Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Multi-scale Modelling of Multiphase Processes Johannes Kepler University

Sediment deposition in reservoirs is an important research topic in engineering practice. Reservoir sedimentation has the potential to affect flood levels, drainage for agricultural land, pump station and hydropower operation as well as navigation. This paper describes the development of a coupled fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical model for the prediction of the local sediment flushing scour upstream of the bottom outlet. The presented numerical model solves the Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the k-ε turbulence model which includes both sediment transport and hydrodynamic parameters. The proposed coupled fully 3 D numerical model is used to simulate experimental tests based on non-cohesive sediment. The geometric features of the scour hole(temporal and spatial hole development) upstream of the bottom outlet were reasonably well predicted compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, the velocity field upstream of the bottom outlet was in good agreement with measurements. The proposed numerical model for bottom outlet flushing was, therefore, validated because of its ability to accurately predict the scour hole development during the flushing process. The proposed numerical model can be considered reliable provided that the model is correctly calibrated and set up to reflect the conditions of a particular case study.

关键词： Bottom outlet Coupled flow/sediment model Sediment flushing 3D numerical model Packed bed Reservoir

The Fish Fauna of the Future Large Size Reservoir of Ouessa, on the Mouhoun River, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第10期12卷 309-322页

作者： Raymond Ouedraogo florent M. Y. sawadogo Nomwine Da Komandan Mano INERA-Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et d’Ecologie Animales Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso

Reliable and basic information on fish are required for the sustainable management of a fishery. For this reason, the fish fauna of the future reservoir of Ouessa in the low section of the Mouhoun River, Burkina Faso is studied. In order to describe the fish community, the fish were sampled in march 2020 thanks to cast nets and gill nets. They were sorted into species and each fish was weighted at the nearest 0.1 g and its total length measured at the nearest mm. The landings of commercial fishermen were also observed. In total, 1059 fishes were collected and grouped into 42 species, 27 generas and 16 families. The dominant species were Synodontis nigrita, Synodontis schall, marcusenius senegalensis, Schilbe intermedius, Brycinus nurse and Alestes baremoze. However, the compilation of diverse sources suggests the presence of nearly 70 species. The index of Shannon-Weaver (3.97), the values of the condition factor, the fish size and the presence of intolerant species indicate the relatively good conditions of the aquatic ecosystem. Among the 24 dominant species, 54% have a positive allometric growth, 42% a negative allometric growth and 0.04 an isometric growth. This study builds the basis of sustainable management of the future reservoir of Ouessa that is planned to be the largest one of the country (40,000 ha large).

关键词： Ichthyofauna Reservoir Ouessa Mouhoun River Burkina Faso

Bt cotton seed purity in Burkina Faso:status and lessons learnt

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Journal of Cotton Research 2020年第4期3卷 260-267页

作者： BOURGOU Larbouga KARGOUGOU Ester sawadogo Mahamadou FOK Michel INERA Programme CotonBP 208Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso SOFITEX Laboratoire Contrôle QualitéSemences01 BP 147Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso UniversitéOuaga1 Joseph Ki-Zerbo 09 BP 848Ouagadougou 09Burkina Faso CIRAD F-34398 MontpellierFrance UPR AIDA Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance.

Background:Since the commercial release of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso in 2009,the issue of seed purity in producers’fields has rarely been addressed in an unbiased and objective *** potential for contamination of conventional seed varieties with Bt traits and the consequent threat to the continuation of organic cotton production has been ***,studies are rare on the varietal purity of Bt cotton seeds,despite the implications for the effectiveness and sustainability of their *** paper compensates for the lack of research on the varietal purity of cotton seeds in Burkina Faso by reporting the results of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests collected in 2015 on samples of both conventional and Bt varieties from 646 ***:According to the conservative criteria used to declare the presence of a Bt gene in a given variety(more than 10%of seeds of conventional variety exhibit Bt traits,and at least 90%of seeds of Bt variety exhibit Bt traits),seed purity was very questionable for both types of *** the supposedly conventional variety,the Cry1Ac gene was observed in 63.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was observed in 59.3%of samples,and both genes were detected in 52.2%of the seed *** 29.3%of the seeds that were supposed to be of conventional type contained no Bt ***,for the labeled Bt variety,the Cry1Ac gene was found in only 59.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was found in 53.6%of the samples,and both genes were found in 40.4%of the ***,for the seeds that were supposed to contain both genes(Bollguard 2),both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab genes were found in only 40.4%of the samples,only one of the genes was found in 32.4%of the samples,and 27.2%of the seeds in the samples contained *** factors are responsible for the severe lack of seed ***,conventional varieties are being contaminated with Bt traits because of a failure to revise the seed production scheme in Burkina Faso to prevent cross-pollinat

关键词： Conventional cotton Organic cotton GM cotton Seed production scheme Seed control Burkina Faso

Perspectives in restoration: storage and pretreatments of seeds for better germination of Sudanian savanna-woodland species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 773-778页

作者： S.D.Dayamba P.Savadogo S.Diawara L.sawadogo World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) West and Central Africa Regional Office - Sahel Node World Agroforestry Centre & International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRAF-ICRISAT) West and Central Africa Region-Sahel Node De'partement Productions Forestie`res Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles

Insufficient knowledge of the germination ecology of local species is one of the main constraints to restoration of degraded rural lands. We tested seeds from fourteen Sudanian savanna species targeted for restoration for their response to two different pretreatments（conventional and prolonged acid pretreatments） and two different storage conditions（ambient room conditions and refrigerator at 4 C）. For 6 of the studied species, longer soaking in sulphuric acid significantly improved germination rates and also reduced the germination time of some species. Storage condition, in general did not affect germination rates except for two species where cool storage depressed germination. The practical implication is that, for the species tested, when mature seeds are collected for plantation in the upcoming rainy season, there is no need to invest in infrastructure and energy for storing in cold *** study also revealed that in general when seeds are stored in ambient conditions from the time of collection up to seeding time, although germination rate does not increase, germination time is shortened and this could be of great interest in synchronizing germination in real field conditions.

关键词： germination restoration plantation ambient mature stored ecology degraded shortened longer

Between Euthanasia and Dysthanasia: The Ethical Issue of Sedation in the Terminal Phase of Illness

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 39-49页

作者： Joseph sawadogo Faculty of Human and Social Sciences Department of Philosophy Faculty of Medicine University Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Deep sedation, euthanasia and therapeutic relentlessness lead us today to rethink the paradigm of life and the contingency of human existence. Between therapeutic relentlessness, the unreasonable care which uses heavy therapeutic means which are often disproportionate to the expected benefit, namely keeping alive a patient whose condition is considered medically hopeless;and euthanasia which would precipitate the process of death would be sedation in the terminal phase of the illness. Should doctors and families of comatose patients decide the “life” and “death” of their patients? For anti-euthanasia associations, doctors, relatives of terminally ill patients and the State itself, if they accept the principle of euthanasia, they are “murderers”, while for pro-euthanasists, the dignity of the human being would recommend that the days of patients in situations considered critical be shortened, to avoid unnecessary suffering and humiliation. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify relevant articles relating to euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation in the terminal phase of illness. The search was conducted in French or English in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Objectives: The objectives of this article are: 1) define the terminologies and concepts of palliative sedation, deep sedation, deep and continuous sedation until death, euthanasia and dysthanasia;2) present aspects of the meaning of life and the human person in African cultures;and 3) propose an ethical reflection on the value of life. Results: After precisely defining the concepts of euthanasia, dysthanasia and sedation, this research presented the African anthropological and ethical approach to the mysteries of life and death. Conclusion: With this in mind, the golden rule of medicine always remains as such “Primum non nocere”.

关键词： Euthanasia Dysthanasia End-Of-Life Sedation Palliative Care African Cultures

Structural Pattern Related to Gold Mineralization in the Essakane Area (Northern Burkina Faso, West African Craton)

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第9期14卷 855-879页

作者： marc Desire Valea Benjamin sawadogo Kalidou Traoré Urbain Wenmenga Naba Seta Benjamin Allou Laboratoire Gosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Universit Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Essakane Sarl IAMGOLD Corporation Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Godynamique et de Cartographie Universit des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako Bamako Mali

The finite deformation structures recorded in the Essakane area, located in the northeast corner of Burkina Faso, highlight three major compressive deformation phases, successively named D1, D2, and D3. The D1 event phase, trending NE-SW, is characterised by P1 folds and S1 axial plane schistosity. The D2 phase trending NW-SE is characterised by folds P2, schistosity (S2) and shear (C) planes. And the D3 phase trending NNE-SSW to N-S is characterised by P3 folds, crenulation microfolds and S3 spaced schistosity. It has also been noted that gold mineralizations are mainly hosted in quartz, carbonate, pyrite, and arsenopyrite veins. Structural interpretation indicates that these veins are organized into lenticular bodies that were formed during the first two deformation phases (D1 and D2). This suggests a strong structural control typical of orogenic gold concentrations.

关键词： Burkina Faso Essakane Shear Zone Deformation Phases Orogenic Gold

Biscuits: a systematic review and meta-analysis of improving the nutritional quality and health benefits

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 335-352页

作者： MahamadéGoubgou Laurencia TSongré-Ouattara Fabrice Bationo Hagrétou Lingani-sawadogo Yves Traoré Aly Savadogo Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology(LABIA)University Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso Department of Food Technology(DTA) Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology(IRSAT)OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Biscuits are ready-to-eat foods that are traditionally prepared mainly with wheat flour,fat,and ***,biscuits’technologies have been rapidly developed to improve their nutritional *** study aimed to determine the strategies of improving the nutritional quality of biscuits and the potential health benefits associated with them.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted,including articles on biscuits improved by technological processes and raw materials *** were searched from Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science published between 1997 and 2020,in English and *** meta-analysis was performed using RStudio software,version 4.0.4 to classify the *** hundred and seven eligible articles were ***,pea,potato,sorghum,buckwheat,and flaxseed flours were respectively the most found substitutes to wheat *** the meta-analysis shown that the copra and foxtail millet biscuit fortified with amaranth,the wheat biscuits fortified with okra,and rice biscuits fortified with soybeans had a high protein *** biscuits therefore have a potential to be used as complementary *** substitution of sugar and fat by several substitutes lead to a decrease in carbohydrates,fat,and energy *** has also brought about an increase in other nutrients such as dietary fiber,proteins/amino acids,fatty acids,and phenolic *** the sugar and fat substitutes,stevia and inulin were respectively the most *** the use of biscuits in clinical trials,they were mainly used for addressing micronutrient deficiency and for weight loss.

关键词： Biscuit Technology Nutrition Health benefits