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Study of the effects of natural toothbrush (<i>Salva-dora persica</i>) in prevention of dental caries and plaque index

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Health 2012年第9期4卷 612-618页

作者： Fatemeh Ezoddini-Ardakani Mahmoud Nouri Shadkam Hasan Fotouhi Farah Bolouri Kashani Mahin Abbassi Zahra Hashemian Hossein Dehghani mohammad Ali Jaffari Hossein Barzegar Faezeh Nazarinejhad mohammad Kazem Jafari Abas Heydaripour mohammad Javad Dashti Atefesadat Hedayati Masoud Masoumi Somaye Ebrahimi Faculty of Dentistry Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran Faculty of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran

Background: Nowadays, though more attention is being paid to oral and dental hygiene all over the world, dental caries and periodontal diseases are increasing daily. We decided to study the effectiveness of natural toothbrush in prevention of dental caries and plaque formation. Methods: This analytic, semi-experimental clinical trial included 390 individuals. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: using natural toothbrush, using artificial toothbrush and using both natural and artificial toothbrush. The plaque index and DMFT was assessed at the beginning of the study until 1 year. ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, LSD, Paired t-test, chi square, Fisher exact and Mc-Nemar tests were used for data analysis. Results: The plaque index in all three groups showed a mean reduction of 0.71. The mean DMFT in the samples before intervention was 8.38 ± 4.14 and increased to 9.1 ± 4.56. At the end of the study, the lowest plaque index was observed in the group using both the natural and artificial methods. During one year follow-up, the plaque index decreased 1.16, 0.83, and 0.21 degrees in the first, second and third groups. Conclusion: The increase in DMFT in the group that used artificial toothbrush was more than other groups. Thus, use of natural toothbrush leads to a decrease in growth rate of DMFT. Therefore natural toothbrush can be used for the cleaning of teeth and prevention of dental caries.

关键词： Salvadora persica Natural Toothbrush Toothbrush and Tooth Paste Caries Plaque Index

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国际社会对伊朗经济制裁的合法性问题研究

国际社会对伊朗经济制裁的合法性问题研究

作者：穆罕默德（mohammad Pirvali）北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

现代国际经济制裁是对其他国家施以压力或威胁的重要方式,其主要目在于借用政治或法律惩罚而迫使其他国家改变其政策。就伊朗核问题而言,联合国、欧盟和美国在最近几年通过实施各种各样的制裁措施,不仅将伊朗的经济推向崩溃的边缘,还促... 详细信息

现代国际经济制裁是对其他国家施以压力或威胁的重要方式,其主要目在于借用政治或法律惩罚而迫使其他国家改变其政策。就伊朗核问题而言,联合国、欧盟和美国在最近几年通过实施各种各样的制裁措施,不仅将伊朗的经济推向崩溃的边缘,还促生了许多非人道的事件。从国际法律角度进行分析,作者认为对伊朗的制裁违反了国际法,是政治霸权的又一充分体现。本篇论文除了前言之外,主体部分共分为四部分：第一部分,简单阐释了伊朗国际经济制裁的基本概念、形成以及历史发展,同时还简要地概述了国际经济制裁的种类。第二部分,从国际法的角度来全面探究国际社会就伊朗伊斯兰共和国实施经济制裁是否具有合法性以及公平性。本部分主要包括：第一,联合国对伊朗制裁的合法性理论分析、法律依据、制裁程序及联合国制裁与人道主义的关系。第三部分,以美国和欧盟为代表的其他单方或多方制裁的合法性理论分析、法律依据及其他相关问题的研究。通过研究每一种制裁的实施方式,分析每一过程的合法性状况,我们可以了解到诸多国际法中关于国际制裁的规则。本文将以不同的制裁实施方为标准进行分类,然后根据相关的法律规定展开研究。其中美国的制裁和其他类似的制裁,无论其国内法律如何规定,都存在许多同国际法,特别是联合国宪章相冲突的地方。第四部分,本文从多个角度全面探究国际制裁对第三国生产在的具体影响。国际制裁不但会直接影响到被制裁的国家,而且会间接影响到很多其他国家。因此,鉴于中国是世界上第二大经济体,而且是伊朗最大的贸易伙伴国家,所以对伊朗实施制裁对中国也大有影响,例如美国对伊经济制裁严重影响中伊两国石油、天然气及附属产品贸易,导致中国政府不得不改变现有能源战略。另外,本文的最后介绍了中国政府对伊朗制裁的立场。

关键词：联合国宪章美国制裁经济制裁国际法人道主义

Statistical Debugging Effectiveness as a Fault Localization Approach: Comparative Study

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2016年第8期9卷 412-423页

作者： Ishaq Sandoqa Fawaz Alzghoul Hamad Alsawalqah Isra Alzghoul Loai Alnemer mohammad Akour Department of Computer Information Systems The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information System Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan

Fault localization is an important topic in software testing, as it enables the developer to specify fault location in their code. One of the dynamic fault localization techniques is statistical debugging. In this study, two statistical debugging algorithms are implemented, SOBER and Cause Isolation, and then the experimental works are conducted on five programs coded using Python as an example of well-known dynamic programming language. Results showed that in programs that contain only single bug, the two studied statistical debugging algorithms are very effective to localize a bug. In programs that have more than one bug, SOBER algorithm has limitations related to nested predicates, rarely observed predicates and complement predicates. The Cause Isolation has limitations related to sorting predicates based on importance and detecting bugs in predicate condition. The accuracy of both SOBER and Cause Isolation is affected by the program size. Quality comparison showed that SOBER algorithm requires more code examination than Cause Isolation to discover the bugs.

关键词： Testing and Debugging Dynamic Language Statistical Debugging Fault Localization

Efficacy of Purple Non Sulphur Bacterium <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i>Strain UMSFW1 in the Utilization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第10期7卷 1-12页

作者： Sujjat Al Azad Foo Siao Chin mohammad Tamrin Bin Mohamad Lal Borneo Marine Research Institute University Malaysia Sabah Kota KInabalu Malaysia

Sustainable use of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been the major focus in the recent development in palm oil industry due to the fact that environmental issue brought by POME. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum incubation period of purple non-sulphur bacterium (PNSB) in reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in settled POME and to determine the dry cell weight, TN, TP and cell yield of PNSB. Pure isolate of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMSFW1 was cultured in settled POME under anaerobic condition at 2500 lux illumination on light intensity at a temperature of 30°C ± 2°C for 144-h. Parameters such as COD (mg/L), dry cell biomass (g/L), TP (mg/L) and TN (mg/L) in settled POME and bacterial cells were analyzed. A total reduction of TN (43.9%) in settled POME and a total increase of TN (43.2%) in bacterial cell were recorded at the end of experiment. At the same time the reduction of 51.5% chemical oxygen demand was determined from the POME. The highest dry cell weight of 2.44 g/L with cell yield 0.39 (mg/cell/mg COD) was achieved at the end of experiment. A total 24.7% of TP reduction in settled POME was achieved in 144-h culture, but while a maximum 10% of TP in bacterial cell was achieved in 48-h culture. This study shows that PNSB Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMSFW1 grows well by using settled POME as substrate and is capable to remove TN in the settled POME and assimilate into bacterial biomass. This study could provide us a further insight in the nutrient removal and COD removal in the bioremediation process by bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMSFW1.

关键词： Purple Non-Sulphur Bacteria Palm Mill Effluent Chemical Oxygen Demand Nutrients and Growth

Lived Experience with Cirrhosis of Liver Patient at a University Hospital: A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第10期10卷 266-280页

作者： Bushra E. Jannat mohammad Nurul Anowar Shariful Islam Dipali Rani Mallick Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Faculty of Adult and Elderly Health Nursing National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research (NIANER) Dhaka Bangladesh Faculty of Women’s Health and Midwifery Nursing National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research (NIANER) Dhaka Bangladesh

Introduction: Patients’ physical, psychosocial, economical, spiritual and daily activities as well as quality of life are mostly affected by the cirrhosis of liver. It is an advanced stage of liver fibrosis that mostly caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and alcoholism. Objective: This study is intended to explore the lived experience of the patient’s with cirrhosis of liver patients. Methodology: A Phenomenological study design was used as a research methodology to elicit in-depth understanding of lived experience of the hospitalized adult cirrhosis of liver patients at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty patients with cirrhosis of liver were purposively interviewed using guidelines until data were saturated. Recorded voice was checked by participants to establish trustworthiness. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Content analysis was used to explore the structure of meaning of the lived experienced cirrhosis of liver patients. Results: The average age of

关键词： Cirrhosis of Liver Lived Experience Liver Cirrhosis Patient

Expression of TTV-ORF2 Protein for Detection of Anti-TTV IgG Antibodies in Human Sera

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2013年第3期3卷 223-229页

作者： Shiwani Singh Akanksha Singh Dhananjay Singh Mankotia Kalpana Luthra mohammad Irshad Clinical Biochemistry Division Department of Laboratory Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India

The present study describes the cloning and expression of ORF-2 region of TTV genome and the use of expressed peptide in developing immunoassay for detection of anti-TTV antibodies in serum. Presence of TTV-DNA in serum was detected by PCR amplifying N-22 region of ORF-1 of TTV genome. This was followed by genotyping of TTV by RFLP using N-22 amplicon. Using genotype-1 positive serum as the source of TTV, the ORF-2 region was amplified by PCR and subsequently cloned and expressed in pET-19b vector. The expressed protein, identified as 20 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE gel, was purified by affinity chromatography and then used as antigen to develop western blot assay for detection of anti-TTV antibodies in serum. Analysis of sera for anti-TTV antibodies and their comparison with presence of TTV-DNA, produced encouraging results. There was a good relation between presence of anti-TTV and TTV-DNA in these sera samples. Anti-TTV antibodies could be detected in all TTV-DNA positive sera irrespective of the presence of TTV-genotype. This investigation demonstrates that ORF-2 peptide may be used in developing immunoassay for identification of TTV infection.

关键词： TTV ORF-2 Anti TTV-IgG Expression N-22

A handy review of carpal tunnel syndrome:From anatomy to diagnosis and treatment

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第6期6卷 284-300页

作者： mohammad Ghasemi-rad Emad Nosair Andrea Vegh Afshin mohammadi Adam Akkad Emal Lesha mohammad Hossein mohammadi Doaa Sayed Ali Davarian Tooraj Maleki-Miyoab Anwarul Hasan Center for Biomedical Engineering Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Cam-bridge MA 02139 United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Anatomical Sciences Basic Medical Sciences DepartmentCollege of MedicineSharjah UniversitySharjah27272The United Arab Emirates Department of Materials Science and Engineer-ing University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S1A4 Canada Department of Radiology Imam Khomainee Hospital Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia *** Iran College of Science and Mathematics University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA 02138 United States Department of Chemical En-gineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran *** Iran Department of Clinical Dentistry College of Den-tistry Ajman University of Science and Technology Ajman 2441 The United Arab Emirates Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Bio-physics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 United States Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Beirut Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon

Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed disabling condition of the upper extremities. It is the most commonly known and prevalent type of peripheral entrapment neuropathy that accounts for about 90% of all entrapment neuropathies. This review aims to provide an outline of CTS by considering anat-omy, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic modalities and management of this common condition, with an emphasis on the diagnostic imaging evaluation.

关键词：腕骨隧道症候群解剖 Ultrasonography 磁性的回声成像计算断层摄影术 Ultrasonography 诊断神经传导学习处理

Alarming Presentation of a Seemingly Common Condition in a Patient with Renal Impairment

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2013年第4期3卷 181-183页

作者： mohammad Budruddin Muhammad Yasir Khalil Issa Al Salmi Ramaiah Shilpa Nephrology Department Royal Hospital Muscat Oman Nephrology Department Tawam Hospital Al Ain UAE

We received a 23-year-old male, working in the Army for 18 months, with advanced renal impairment, haemoptysis and hyperkalemia. An impression of the pulmonary renal syndrome was made and he was managed aggressively with haemodialysis, plasma exchange and pulsing with methyl prednisolone. His condition improved, but the renal functions did not. The vasculitic workup including Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) and Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) which were sent on admission came out to be negative. As he apparently responded to the initial management protocol, he was subjected to renal biopsy which did not reveal any vasculitis but was consistent for end-stage renal disease. Subsequently he was subjected to lung biopsy which also was not supportive for vasculitis. However, we concluded that the initial pointers for Wegener’s granulomatosis were misleading. The haemoptysis entirely subsided as the congestion improved. He was maintained on Haemodialysis three times per week schedule and discharged to the peripheral health care facility.

关键词： Haemoptysis Renal Impairment Pulmonary Renal Syndrome Haemodialysis ENA ANCA Vasculitis Pulmonary Oedema

Bariatric Surgery Impact on Sickle Cell Disease Pain Crisis: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2020年第6期9卷 158-164页

作者： Hassan Al-Jafar Masouma Al-Ali Osama R. Kombar mohammad Alhaifi Hematology Department Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait Liver & Gastroenterology Department Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait Radiologist Department Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait Surgery Department Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal genetic blood disorder resulting in multiple end-organ complications. Malnutrition is a stress factor that can cause a SCD crisis. Bariatric surgery is a weight reduction surgery that involves the binding or removing a part of the stomach or resecting and re-routing the small intestine to a small stomach pouch. It is known to cause malnutrition and stress. Malnutrition affects more than two billion people of all ages worldwide due to different causes. Long-term deficiency of micronutrients leads to reduced immunity, leukopenia, and diseases affecting the psychological, skeletal, and central nervous system. We here present the case of a 20-year-old woman with SCD and class III obesity. She underwent sleeve gastrectomy in 2018 following psychological distress caused by being severely overweight. She had mild SCD pain, but after the bariatric surgery, it became severe, requiring morphine treatment and monthly exchange transfusion beside the NSAID which become not much effective as before bariatric surgery. Our findings show that bariatric surgery, which leads to a stressful condition, can aggravate the SCD pain crisis, thereby highlighting the need for alternative methods of weight reduction in these patients. Controlled studies are required for the proper assessment of bariatric surgery in SCD.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Bariatric Surgery Pain Crisis