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Assessing the impact of non-governmental organization’s extension programs on sustainable cocoa production and household income in Ghana

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2820-2836页

作者： Sonny Gad ATTIPOE CAO Jian-min yaa opoku-kwanowaa Frank OHENE-SEFA College of Economics and Management Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118P.R.China Ministry of Food and Agriculture Department of EconomicsAccra 183Ghana College of Resources and Environment Sciences Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118P.R.China Ghana Cocoa Board Warehousing and Port OperationsAccra 1017Ghana

Globally,cocoa is famous for the production of chocolates and ***,it also serves as a source of raw material for the manufacturing of high-quality cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Due to its high demand,cocoa is regarded as a major commodity for poverty alleviation in deprived cocoa farming communities. Government has therefore instigated relevant measures to address issues facing the sector by investing in extension programs. These programs act as information dissemination tools for teaching modern farming technologies and enhancing learning among farmers. This study highlighted the effects of the Cocoa Life Project (CLP) by Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) International on farm productivity and income of 200 cocoa farmers in three districts of the Eastern Region,Ghana. Regression on covariates,Heckman’s treatment effects model,and propensity scores were used to test the robustness of the estimates. A positive association between extension program participation,farm productivity,and household income was discovered. Specifically,after correcting for selection bias,the estimated results of the Heckman’s model showed that the extension program significantly increased participating farmers’ cocoa yield by 14.3%. The effects on total farm income showed a significant increase of 25.1 and 42.9%,respectively from regression on propensity scores and the Heckman’s model. Across all three models,program participation led to an increase in total household income by 46.1,31.7,and 69.3%,respectively. Other variables such as farming characteristics,institutional and demographic factors affected farmers’ income,depending on the estimation method used. This study reiterated the supporting role played by extension programs in enhancing cocoa production and increasing household income in Ghana. Conclusively,government and development partners should invest in extension programs by providing enough logistics,training qualified agents,and creat

关键词： cocoa extension Heckman’s model regression on propensity scores smallholders

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The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employees Innovative Behavior:The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employees Innovative Beha...

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作者： OLIVIA yaa WOYOME 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

领导力对于每个组织实现既定目标都至关重要。在不确定性环境中,组织为生存而竭尽全力参与竞争,领导者的战略举措对在竞争中生存下来非常重要。这项研究的主要内容是研究加纳制造类企业的变革型和交易型领导风格对员工创新行为的影响以... 详细信息

领导力对于每个组织实现既定目标都至关重要。在不确定性环境中,组织为生存而竭尽全力参与竞争,领导者的战略举措对在竞争中生存下来非常重要。这项研究的主要内容是研究加纳制造类企业的变革型和交易型领导风格对员工创新行为的影响以及组织承诺的中介作用。该研究是定量研究,采用“多因素领导问卷”,“组织承诺问卷”以及“Scott和Bruce的创新行为问卷”来收集数据。共有来自加纳制造类企业的410名有效受访者作为样本,并基于结构方程模型(SEM)和Amos、SPSS2.3来进行关系路径分析。研究结果表明,变革型和交易型领导风格都对员工的创新行为具有直接的积极影响;变革型和交易型领导风格与组织承诺之间存在积极且显著的关系;织承诺与员工的创新行为之间存正向的关系;且,组织承诺在变革型、交易型领导风格与员工创新行为的关系中起中介作用。调查结果为管理人员更好地以组织承诺和领导风格促进员工创新行为提供了参考。

关键词：领导风格变革型领导风格交易型领导风格组织承诺员工创新行为

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A Study of the Combined Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatments on the Physico-mechanical Properties of Jute Fibre-reinforced E51 Epoxy Composite

A Study of the Combined Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatmen...

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作者： yaa ANIMA OPARE APPIAH 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

在当前的环境污染浪潮中,将注意力集中在更环保、可持续以及经济上可行的生产方法、建筑以及所有需要使用聚合物和/或复合材料的生活的其他方面,已经成为当务之急。由于这一点,因其理想的物理性能,使用天然纤维作为增强复合材料已经产... 详细信息

在当前的环境污染浪潮中,将注意力集中在更环保、可持续以及经济上可行的生产方法、建筑以及所有需要使用聚合物和/或复合材料的生活的其他方面,已经成为当务之急。由于这一点,因其理想的物理性能,使用天然纤维作为增强复合材料已经产生了越来越多的兴趣。在本研究工作中,黄麻纤维作为E51环氧树脂增强体。重点研究黄麻增强纤维表面处理对复合材料力学性能和界面性能的影响。整个研究过程可分为两个主要步骤。首先研究了用不同浓度的碱(氢氧化钠(NaOH))溶液处理对整个复合材料性能的影响。第二步是硅烷偶联剂处理。在这一步骤中,与第一次类似,使用不同浓度的硅烷,并仔细监测其影响。在这两个步骤中,得到了最佳条件,其中所得到的复合材料的性能测试值最高。结果表明,5重量%的氢氧化钠得到了碱处理的最佳性能。这是由于碱消除了纤维的半纤维素、木质素和蜡,导致表面粗糙度增加。粗糙度也转化为增加的表面积,以更好地锚固到基体中。硅烷偶联剂溶液除了增强纤维的表面极性外,还可以改善表面活性,减少吸水量。经过研究,5%作为最佳浓度使用硅烷在这个浓度,相应的复合物产生的最高值的测试属性。两个步骤的最佳浓度的组合导致随后的黄麻纤维增强复合材料产生的最大值的机械和界面性能测试。

关键词： E51环氧树脂黄麻纤维表面处理硅烷偶联剂碱处理

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A multidecadal oscillation in the northeastern Pacific

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第4期9卷 315-326页

作者： CHEN Dong WANG Hui-Jun YANG Song GAO yaa Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

The internal modes of the North Pacific can lead to climatic oscillations through ocean-atmosphere interactions and induce global climate *** best example is the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but this fails to explain many climate phenomena. Here, another multidecadal variability over the North Pacific is described, found by analyzing reconstructed data covering the past 140 years. It is named the Pacific Multidecadal Oscillation （PMO）, with anomalously high/low SSTs over the northeastern Pacific, and a quasi-60-year cycle. Related to this low-frequency variability of SST, the global mean temperature and precipitation present significant interdecadal differences. More importantly, the PMO index leads the global mean surface air temperature and SST by one to three years. The Arctic Oscillation pattern and atmospheric circulations are shown to change substantially with the transition of the PMO mode from positive to negative phases. This multidecadal oscillation improves the prospect for a long-term forecast of the global warming trend, since the PMO bears a remarkable relationship with global temperature.

关键词： Climate change multidecadal oscillation seasurface temperature Arcticoscillation Paci^c

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Perioperative topical ascorbic acid for the prevention of phacoemulsification-related corneal endothelial damage:Two case reports and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第5期7卷 642-649页

作者： Chia-Yi Lee Hung-Ta Chen Yi-Jen Hsueh Hung-Chi Chen Chieh-Cheng Huang yaa-Jyuhn James Meir Chao-Min Cheng Wei-Chi Wu Department of Ophthalmology Show Chwan Memorial Hospital Department of Optometry College of Medicine and Life Science Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology Department of Internal Medicine Taipei City Hospital-Heping Branch Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Department of Medicine College of Medicine Chang Gung University Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University

BACKGROUND The current case report describes successful phacoemulsification with the aid of perioperative topical ascorbic acid(AA) in two patients with corneal endothelial disorders to prevent postoperative corneal endothelial *** SUMMARY Two eyes of two patients underwent phacoemulsification with pre-existing corneal endothelial disorders including Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy(Patient 1) and endotheliitis(Patient 2). Topical AA was applied to both patients at least one month before and after with a frequency of four times per day. After the surgery, both eyes improved best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and there was limited human corneal endothelial cell loss without signs of corneal endothelial decompensation, such as deteriorated BCVA or persistent corneal edema during the follow-up of at least two *** Perioperative administration of topical AA may be an alternative therapy to the triple procedure in patients expecting to undergo cataract surgery.

关键词： Ascorbic acid Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy Endotheliitis Human corneal endothelial cell Phacoemulsification Case report

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Prevention of Cervical Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2018年第1期9卷 79-88页

作者： yaa Achampong Fani Kokka Konstantinos Doufekas Adeola Olaitan Department of Gynae-Oncology University College Hospital London London UK East Kent Gynae-Oncology Centre Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital Kent UK

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and is responsible for 275,000 deaths worldwide each year. The burden of this disease lies in the developing world. However it is arguably the most preventable cancer. The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is responsible for almost all cases of Cervical Cancer. HPV is sexually transmitted and has a lifetime cumulative risk of infection of 80%. National Cervical cytology screening programmes are used to detect cervical abnormalities, lesions and early cancers in as many eligible women as possible, saving lives and reducing morbidity. However uptake of screening is declining, and screening programmes have not been implemented in lower resource countries due to the cost and infrastructure required. Alternative screening methods have been implemented in such countries such as Visual Inspection with Acetic acid (VIA) but mortality and morbidity remain high. Since 2007, programmes of vaccination against the most oncogenic types of HPV have been rolled out internationally aiming to capture girls, and eventually potentially boys, before they become sexually active. These programmes have been largely successful, with good coverage and low adverse effects reported. Going forward, the vaccine and the advent of effective HPV screening and self testing mean that there needs to be a reorganisation of current cervical screening programmes.

关键词： Cervical Cancer HPV Vaccine Screening

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Future needs for informed consent in stem cell clinical trials in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 83-85页

作者： Natalie Hellmers yaa Obeng-Aduasare Inmaculada de Melo-Martín Claire Henchcliffe Weill Cornell Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Institute Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical College Division of Medical Ethics Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College

Translation of recent advances in stem cell research into clinical trials for restorative therapies for human disease is accelerating dramatically,with a strong focus upon neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson... 详细信息

关键词： consent informed amyotrophic restorative Huntington likely advances accelerating comprehension intracerebral

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The Burns Menace: Antibiotics for the Fight against Burns Bacterial Infection, a Systemic Review

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Surgical Science 2016年第12期7卷 532-538页

作者： Pius Agbenorku Richcane Amankwa Manolo Agbenorku Nana yaa Odamea Asare Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Clinical Microbiology School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Burn wound infection delays wound healing, leading to varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. Various antibiotics are administered to burn patients in burn wound management. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a menace that costs families and the country. This review seeks to expound on infections related to burn wounds, common bacteria of burn wound infections and choice of antibiotics in burns treatment. Words such as burns, wound infection, burns injury and antibiotics were put into the Google search engine. Only articles related to the subject of burns, burn wound infection and antibiotics were used to write the review. Articles obtained included case reports on burns, research articles, review articles, short notes, briefs, literatures and other articles relating to burns. We found that the choice of antibiotics in the management of burns is an issue of major concern due to the evolution of pathogens causing these infections. The challenge of antibiotic resistance still persists in burns wound management. The commonly used topical antimicrobials included silver sulphadiazine, silver nitrate solution, silver impregnated dressings and mafenide acetate. Mafenide acetate has a wide antibacterial activity and also acts against the usual wound pathogens that were identified: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The role of antibiotic resistance is of major concern. Antibiotics must be administered after culture evidence in order to reduce the chance of increasing evolution of resistant strains of bacteria.

关键词： Burn Wounds Burn Patients Infection Antibiotic Morbidity Mortality

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城市化进程中要素配置调整与经济效率变动分析

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华东经济管理 2013年第9期27卷 49-54页

作者：曹亚盐城师范学院江苏沿海开发研究院江苏盐城224002 盐城师范学院商学院江苏盐城224002

文章引入1994-2010间数据资料,深入分析城市化进程中要素配置与经济效率变动间的互动关系。计量结果表明,城市化政策倾向与社会经济发展间存在显著差异化影响,县级城镇对政府财政资金的利用效率相对不足;劳动和资本边际产出在1995年达... 详细信息

文章引入1994-2010间数据资料,深入分析城市化进程中要素配置与经济效率变动间的互动关系。计量结果表明,城市化政策倾向与社会经济发展间存在显著差异化影响,县级城镇对政府财政资金的利用效率相对不足;劳动和资本边际产出在1995年达到高峰后持续下降,尽管2000年之后有所上升且整体经济规模递增效应持续,但与城市化进程并不匹配。在既有配置格局保持不变条件下,城市要素高度集聚与产出低效、城市就业吸纳力不足相悖现状将持续。鉴于此,文章主张规避对非平衡发展倾向的过度倾斜,以城市要素承载限度为考量前提,构建梯级城市发展体系,将人口迁移、要素配置与城乡统筹发展协调起来,以实现要素优化配置。

关键词：城市化要素配置经济效率

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上天入地莫星星

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中学生百科（阅读写作） 2009年第11期 33-35页

作者： yaa

我的好朋友叫莫星星。我们两个人好歹算是有两辆车．自行车，每天放学后．却总是推着走完到家的全部路程。

关键词：《上天入地莫星星》中学生作文语文教学

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