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Enhanced Field-Based Detection of Potato Blight in Complex Backgrounds Using Deep Learning

Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 209-221页

作者： Joe Johnson Geetanjali Sharma Srikant Srinivasan Shyam Kumar Masakapalli Sanjeev Sharma Jagdev Sharma Vijay Kumar dua School of Computing&Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MandiKamandH.P.India BioX Center School of Basic SciencesIndian Institute of Technology MandiKamandH.P.India ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute H.P.ShimlaIndia

Rapid and automated identification of blight disease in potato will help farmers to apply timely remedies to protect their *** detection of blight disease can be cumbersome and may require trained *** overcome these issues,we present an automated system using the Mask Region-based convolutional neural network(Mask R-CNN)architecture,with residua. network as the backbone network for detecting blight disease patches on potato leaves in field *** approach uses transfer learning,which can generate good results even with small *** model was trained on a dataset of 1423 images of potato leaves obtained from fields in different geographical locations and at different times of the *** images were manually annotated to create over 6200 labeled patches covering diseased and healthy portions of the *** Mask R-CNN model was able to correctly differentiate between the diseased patch on the potato leaf and the similar-looking background soil patches,which can confound the outcome of binary *** improve the detection performance,the original RGB dataset was then converted to HSL,HSV,LAB,XYZ,and YCrCb color spaces.A separate model was created for each color space and tested on 417 field-based test *** yielded 81.4%mean average precision on the LAB model and 56.9%mean average recall on the HSL model,slightly outperforming the original RGB color space *** analysis of the detection performance indicates an overall precision of 98%on leaf images in a field environment containing complex backgrounds.

关键词： Deep network backbone

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Responsibility for Life： A Descriptive View on Hans Jonas＇ Ethics

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2016年第4期6卷 191-198页

作者： Mikhael dua Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

Among the few philosophers who dedicated philosophical reflection on the problem of technology, Hans Jonas would be the leading one. Still in a close affinity with Martin Heidegger, his teacher, Jonas argued that modem technology bore some annoying characters. In line of this anxiety, Jonas suggested the importance of protecting life as an integral part of the ethical project he intended to build. Departing from his basic notion that human life is never separated from other organic life, Jonas has opened a wider space for ethical responsibilities towards life of the whole cosmos. In what sense is his notion of the responsibility towards the whole life should be understood is one of the aim of this paper. Baring in mind that Jonas developed his concept on life and human responsibility towards it as an argumentation against the development of technology, the social context in which modem technology finds its root is worthed to be discussed. It is concluded that separating ethics from ontology as many theorists and philosophers did so far has strengthened the old notion of human autonomy with its defects, and by that, the destruction of life seemed to be accepted as a consequence of it.

关键词： Hans Jonas responsibility ontology of life technology

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Bioautography and its scope in the field of natural product chemistry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第2期5卷 75-84页

作者： Saikat Dewanjee Moumita Gangopadhyay Niloy Bhattacharya Ritu Khanra Tarun K.dua Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur University Biophysics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

Medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits are the sources of huge number of bioactive lead/scaffolds with therapeutic and nutraceutical importance. Bioautography is a means of target-directed isolation of active molecules on chromatogram. Organic solvents employed in chromatographic separation process can be completely removed before biological detection because these solvents cause inactivation of enzymes and/or death of living organisms. They offer a rapid and easy identification of bioactive lead/scaffolds in complex matrices of plant extracts. Bioautography is a technique to isolate hit（s）/lead（s） by employing a suitable chromatographic process followed by a biological detection system. This review critically describes the methodologies to identify antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor lead/scaffolds by employing bioautography. A significant number of examples have been incorporated to authenticate the methodologies.

关键词： Bioactivity Bioassay Bioautography Detection principle Thin layer chromatography

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Precision phenotyping of contrasting potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties in a novel aeroponics system for improving nitrogen use efficiency: In search of key traits and genes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 51-61页

作者： Jagesh K.TIWARI Sapna DEVI Tanuja BUCKSETH Nilofer ALI Rajesh K.SINGH Rasna ZINTA Vijay K.dua.Swarup K.CHAKRABARTI Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute

With increasing population, degrading soil health, limited arable land area, and high cost of nitrogen(N) fertilizers, improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of potato is an inevitable approach to save the environment and achieve sufficient tuber yields with less N fertilizer supply. Recently, we have developed an aeroponics system to study NUE in potato using genomics, physiology, and breeding approaches. This study aims on precision phenotyping of plants of two distinct potato varieties(Kufri Gaurav, N efficient;Kufri Jyoti, N inefficient) in the novel aeroponics system. Plants were grown in aeroponics under controlled conditions with low N(0.75 mmol L^-1NO3^-) and high N(7.5 mmol L^-1NO3^-) levels. Plant biomass, root traits, total chlorophyll content, and plant N were increased with increasing N supply, whereas higher NUE parameters namely NUE, agronomic NUE(Ag NUE), N uptake efficiency(NUp E), harvest index(HI), and N harvest index(NHI) were observed at low N. An NUE efficient cv. Kufri Gaurav showed higher tuber dry weight, fresh tuber yield, tuber number per plant, early start of tuber harvesting, root traits, stolon traits, NUE parameters, and higher amino acid(aspartic acid and asparagine) content at low N supply. Higher expression of nitrate reductase(NR), nitrite reductase(NIR), and asparagine synthetase(AS) genes was observed in the leaf tissues of Kufri Gaurav at high N. Thus, aeroponics-based precision phenotyping enables identification of NUE efficient genotypes based on key traits and genes involved in improving NUE in potato. Further, this study suggests that the potential of aeroponics can be utilized to investigate N biology in potato under different N regimes.

关键词： aeroponics precision phenotyping potato nitrogen use efficiency

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Nonlinear Model-Based Process Operation under UncertaintyUsing Exact Parametric Programming

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Engineering 2017年第2期3卷 202-213页

作者： Vassilis M. Charitopoulos Lazaros G. Papageorgiou Vivek dua Center for Process Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering University College London London WCI E 7JE UK

In the present work, two new, （multi-）parametric programming （mp-P）-inspired algorithms for the solutionof mixed-integer nonlinear programming （MINLP） problems are developed, with their main focus being onprocess synthesis problems. The algorithms are developed for the special case in which the nonlinearitiesarise because of logarithmic terms, with the first one being developed for the deterministic case, and thesecond for the parametric case （p-MINLP）. The key idea is to formulate and solve the square system of thefirst-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker （KKT） conditions in an analytical way, by treating the binary variables and/or uncertain parameters as symbolic parameters. To this effect, symbolic manipulation and solution tech-niques are employed. In order to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed algorithms, twoprocess synthesis case studies are examined. The corresponding solutions are then validated using state-of-the-art numerical MINLP solvers. For p-MINLP, the solution is given by an optimal solution as an explicitfunction of the uncertain parameters.

关键词： Parametric programming Uncertainty Process synthesis Mixed-integer nonlinear programming Symbolic manipulation

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4512-4533页

作者： Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S dua Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Department for HIV Elimination Fulton County GovernmentAtlantaGA 30303United States Department of Gastroenterology Royal Stoke University HospitalUniversity Hospitals of North Midlands NHS TrustStaffordshire ST4 6QGUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Teaching Hospital-Adult HospitalLusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching HospitalTropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group(TROPGAN)Lusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine The University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Hematology/Oncology Cancer Disease HospitalLusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine and Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this *** To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African *** We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan *** searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles *** effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both *** highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years ***-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of *** best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 *** Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable ris

关键词： Esophageal cancer in Africa Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Cancer in Africa Systematic review

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Comparative morphometrics of two populations of giant river catfish (Mystus seenghala) from the Indus river system

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第3期3卷 219-226页

作者： Archana SAINI Anish dua.Vindhya MOHINDRA Department of Zoology Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsarIndia Genetic Characterization Division National Bureau of Fish Genetic ResourcesLucknowIndia

Giant river catfish (Mystus seenghala) from the Beas river were compared with a population in the Sutlej river of theIndus river system using 28 morphometric characters. Discriminant analyses and a univariate ANOVA were used toexplore these data. Allometric transformation of each measurement was done to eliminate correlations with size. Thestepwise discriminant analysis retained nine variables that significantly discriminated the Beas samples from theSutlej samples. Using these variables, 91.2% (original) and 89.0% (cross validated) of fish were classified into theircorrect samples. Misclassification was higher for the Sutlej samples (12.5%) than for the Beas samples (6.3%). Theresults of the discriminant analyses showed that variability in the Beas samples was more homogeneous andprovided a more characteristic picture of the group than the Sutlej samples. The univariate ANOVA revealed significantdifferences between the means of the two populations for 12 of the 28 transformed morphometric measurements.

关键词： Beas India morphometry Mystus seenghala stock identification

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Optimal Policy for EOQ Model with Two Level of Trade Credits in One Replenishment Cycle

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American Journal of Operations Research 2012年第1期2卷 51-58页

作者： Amit Sharma Ruchi Goel Naresh Kumar dua Department of Mathematics and Humanities Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Surat India Department of Mathematics Dev Nagri (Post Graduate) College Meerut India Department of Mathematics PDM College of Engineering Bahadurgarh India

In general, a supplier/retailer frequently offer trade credit to stimulate their respective sales. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal supplier/retailer’s replenishment decisions under two levels of trade credit policy within the economic order quantity (EOQ) framework. This paper deals with the supplier/retailer’s inventory replenishment problem under two levels of trade credit in one replenishment cycle. A different approach of two levels of trade credit is used, which give more freedom to the supplier/retailer in business. In addition, the easy-to-use procedure is developed to efficiently find the optimal cycle time for the retailer under minimizing annual total relevant cost. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate these results.

关键词： EOQ Model Inventory Two Levels of Trade Credit Replenishment Cycle

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Co-inoculation of selected nodule endophytic rhizobacterial strains with Rhizobium tropici promotes plant growth and controls damping off in common bean

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 98-108页

作者： Linnajara DE VASCONCELOS MARTINS FERREIRA Fernanda DE CARVALHO Júlia FONSECA COLOMBO ANDRADE Damiany Pádua.OLIVEIRA Flávio Henrique VASCONCELOS DE MEDEIROS Fatima Maria DE SOUZA MOREIRA Sector of Biology Microbiology and Biological ProcessesDepartment of Soil ScienceUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavras C.P.3037-37200-000(Brazil) Instituto Federal do Pará/IFPA Campus MarabáRuralMarabáC.P.041-68508-979(Brazil) Universidade Federal de Lavras Department of PhytopathologyLavras C.P.3037-37200-000(Brazil)

Production of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is limited by the occurrence of damping off(rhizoctoniosis),which is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia ***,the co-inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)involved in biological control along with diatomic nitrogen(N2)-fixing rhizobia can enhance N nutrition and increase *** this context,finding microorganisms with synergistic effects that perform these two roles is of fundamental importance to ensure adequate yield *** aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation of nodule endophytic strains of the genera Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Burkholderia,and Pseudomonas with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899,an N2-fixing rhizobial strain,on the biocontrol of damping off and growth promotion in common bean *** experiments were conducted under axenic conditions using the common bean cultivar Pé*** first experiment evaluated the potential of the 14 rhizobacterial strains,which were inoculated alone or in combination with CIAT 899,for the control of *** second experiment evaluated the ability of these 14 rhizobacterial strains to promote plant growth with three manners of N supply:co-inoculation with CIAT 899 at low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),and high mineral N supply(52.5 mg N mL^-1).The use of rhizobacteria combined with rhizobia contributed in a synergistic manner to the promotion of growth and the control of damping off in the common ***-inoculation of the strains UFLA 02-281/03-18(Pseudomonas sp.),UFLA 02-286(Bacillus sp.),and UFLA 04-227(Burkholderia fungorum)together with CIAT 899 effectively controlled damping *** the common bean,mineral N supply can be replaced by the co-inoculation of CIAT 899 with plant growth-promoting strains UFLA 02-281/02-286/02-290/*** endophytes UFLA02-281/02-286 are promising for co-inoculation with CIAT 899 in the common bean,promoting synergy with rhizobial i

关键词： Bacillus sp. biological control Burkholderia fungorum CIAT 899 Phaseolus vulgaris plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas sp. Rhizoctonia solani

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Applying Geographic Information System (GIS) for Maintenance Strategy Selection

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第1期4卷 44-54页

作者： Asma Thamir Ibraheem dua.a Abd Al-Razzaq Falih 不详

Spatial technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are particularly appropriate for integrating road- way data and enhancing the use and presentation of these data for highway management and operation by using spatial relationships to relate geographic and geometric objects and events. To different degrees, roadway management problems, such as pavement management, involve relations between objects and events located in different spatial positions. Because the data used in the decision-making process have spatial components, the use of spatial technologies emerges as a very appealing alternative. Spatial technologies may enhance the analysis of several transportation-related issues and may improve the quality of the decision-making process. This paper built a GIS based system that provides information for use as a platform on which all aspects of the Pavement Maintenance and Management System (PMMS) process can be built. The resulting system, GPMMS, represents a significant enhancement of all aspects of the PMMS process. A variety of spatially integrated data are important to pavement management decision making. GIS technology is shown to be the most logical way of relating these diverse, but relevant, data. In this paper, 23 sections is selected along the roadways of Nahrain University and all these sections are distresses due to different causes like weathering, ageing, traffic load, and also the bad maintenance, etc. The PSI of these sections in the range between 1 to 4, and most of these sections in the low range (between 1 to 2). That cause of need to future developments including other elements of a road maintenance management system should be considered. Completion of the whole roads database with all the types of surveys recorded i.e. all distresses, construction and maintenance history and so on.

关键词： Highways GIS Maintenance Pavement PMMS PMS Roadway Spatial Data Transportation

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