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Recent progress on mechanisms,principles,and strategies for high-activity and high-stability non-PGM fuel cell catalyst design

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 25-52页

作者： Yuping yuan yun Zheng Dan Luo Weibin Qiu Jiantao Wang Xin Wang Zhongwei Chen GRINM(Guangdong)Institute of New Materials Technology FoshanChina Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyWaterloo Institute for Sustainable EnergyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdongChina National Power Battery Innovation Center GRINM Group Co.Ltd.BeijingChina

The commercialization of a polymer membrane H2-O2 fuel cell and its widespread use call for the development of cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)nonplatinum group metal(NPGM)***,to meet the requests for the real-world fuel cell application and replacing platinum catalysts,it still needs to address some challenges for NPGM catalysts regarding the sluggish ORR kinetics in the cathode and their poor durability in acidic *** response to these issues,numerous efforts have been made to study NPGM catalysts both theoretically and experimentally,developed these into the atomically dispersed coordinated metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)form over the past *** this review,we present a comprehensive summary of recent advancements on NPGM catalysts with high activity and *** design strategies in terms of optimizing active-site density and enhancing catalyst stability against demetalization and carbon corrosion are *** is also emphasized the importance of understanding the mechanisms and principles behind those strategies through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental ***,further understanding the mechanisms related to the active-site structure and the formation process of the single-atom active site under pyrolysis conditions is critical for active-site *** the active-site distance is the basic principle for improving catalyst activity through increasing the catalyst active-site *** studies for the catalyst deactivation mechanism and modeling stable active-site structures provide both mechanisms and principles to improve the NPGM catalyst ***,currently remained challenges and perspectives in the future on designing high-performance atomically dispersed NPGM catalysts toward fuel cell application are discussed.

关键词： batteries electrocatalysis energy storage and conversion fuel cells

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Cucurbitacins mitigate vascular neointimal hyperplasia by suppressing cyclin A2 expression and inhibiting VSMC proliferation

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第4期7卷 397-407页

作者： Ruqiang yuan Lei Qian Hu Xu Weijing yun Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina Health Science Center East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina

Background:Restenosis frequently occurs after percutaneous angioplasty in patients with vascular occlusion and seriously threatens their *** evidence has revealed that preventing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation using a drug-eluting stent is an effective approach to improve *** have been demonstrated to exert an anti-proliferation effect in various tumors and a hypoten-sive *** study aims to investigate the role of cucurbitacins extracted from Cucumis melo L.(CuECs)and cucurbitacin B(CuB)on ***:C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and subcu-taneously injected with CuECs or CuB for 4 ***-Eosin,immuno-fluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the effect of CuECs and CuB on neointimal *** blot,real-time PCR,flow cytometry analysis,EdU staining and cellular immunofluorescence assay were em-ployed to measure the effects of CuECs and CuB on cell proliferation and the cell cycle in *** potential interactions of CuECs with cyclin A2 were performed by molecular ***:The results demonstrated that both CuECs and CuB exhibited significant inhibitory effects on neointimal hyperplasia and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle ***,CuECs and CuB mediated cell cycle arrest at the S *** analysis demonstrated that CuB,CuD,CuE and CuI had high binding en-ergy for cyclin *** study also showed that CuECs and CuB dramatically inhibited FBS-induced cyclin A2 ***,the expression of cyclin A2 in CuEC-and CuB-treated neointima was ***:CuECs,especially CuB,exert an anti-proliferation effect in VSMCs and may be potential drugs to prevent restenosis.

关键词： CuB Cucurbitacin cyclin A2 restenosis vascular smooth muscle cell

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Dual-curvilinear beam enabled tunable manipulation of high-and low-refractive-index particles

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1427-1436页

作者： ZHENG yuan CHENCHEN ZHANG yuan GAO WENXIANG YAN XIAN LONG ZHI-cheng REN XI-LIN WANG JIANPING DING HUI-TIAN WANG National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid-State Lighting and Energy-Saving Electronics Nanjing 210093China

We present an innovative approach for the simultaneous agile manipulation of high-refractive-index(HRI) and low-refractive-index(LRI) particles. Our method involves introducing a dual-curvilinear optical vortex beam(DC-OVB) generated by superimposing a pair of curved beams: HRI and LRI particles are controlled by the bright curve and the dark channel between the two curves, respectively. The proposed DC-OVB provides customizable motion paths and velocities for both LRI and HRI particles. Each curve of the DC-OVB can support a distinct orbital flow density(OFD), enabling the application of torques to HRI and LRI particles, guiding them to orbit along specified trajectories and prompting them to execute various curvilinear motions simultaneously,including curvilinear movement, revolution, and rotation.

关键词： tunable refractive beam

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Impact of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets for advanced gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第9期16卷 3905-3912页

作者： cheng-Wan Zheng yun-Mo Yang Hui Yang Department of Thyroid Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer(AGC)remains a challenging malignancy with poor *** combination of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab has shown promising results in AGC *** study aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with AGC and to explore their potential as predictive biomarkers for treatment *** To investigate the impact of oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy on serum markers and T cell subsets in patients with *** This prospective study enrolled 60 patients with *** patients received oxaliplatin(130 mg/m^(2),every 3 weeks)and trastuzumab(8 mg/kg loading dose,followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks)for six *** carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and cancer antigen 72-4(CA72-4)were measured before and after treatment.T-lymphocyte subsets,including CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ratios,were also *** clinical response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version *** After six cycles of treatment,the CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 serum levels significantly decreased compared to baseline levels(P<0.001).The percentages of CD3+and CD4+T lymphocytes increased significantly(P<0.05),whereas the percentage of CD8+T lymphocytes decreased(P<0.05).The CD4+/CD8+ratio also significantly increased after treatment(P<0.05).Patients with a higher decrease in serum tumor markers(≥50%reduction)and a higher increase in CD4+/CD8+ratio(≥1.5-fold)showed better clinical response rates(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Oxaliplatin and trastuzumab combination therapy effectively reduced serum tumor marker levels and modulated T lymphocyte subsets in patients with *** therapy not only has a direct antitumor effect,but also enhances the immune response in patients with *** tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for treatment respon

关键词： Advanced gastric cancer Oxaliplatin Trastuzumab Serum tumor markers T lymphocyte subsets Predictive biomarkers

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A Fluorine-Functionalized 3D Covalent Organic Framework with Entangled 2D Layers

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第8期42卷 1210-1216页

作者： Li-Bang Xiao Zi-Han Wu Jun-Jie Xin yuan-Peng cheng Bo Gui Jun-Liang Sun cheng Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Constructing three dimensional(3D)covalent organic frameworks(COFs)through the entanglement of two dimensional(2D)nets is a promising but underdeveloped ***,we report the design and synthesis of a fluorine functionalized 3DCOF(3D-An-COF-F)formed by entangled 2D sql *** structure of 3D-An-COF-F was determined by the combination of continuous rotation electron diffraction technique and modelling based on the chemical information from real ***,compared to the isostructural 3D-An-COF without F atom s,3DAn-COF-F showed an improved CO_(2)sorption ability and higher CO_(2)/N_(2)*** study not only demonstrated the generality of constructing 3D COFs with entangled 2D nets by introducing bulky groups vertically in planar building blocks,but also will expand the diversity of 3D COFs for various applications.

关键词： 3D covalent organic frameworks Fluorine Entangled 2D layers Electron diffraction CO_(2)adsorption

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Optimized tillage methods increase mechanically transplanted rice yield and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1150-1163页

作者： Shuang cheng Zhipeng Xing Chao Tian Mengzhu Liu yuan Feng Hongcheng Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Biaxia lrotary tillage in dryland(DBRT)can complete biaxial rotary tillage with straw incorporation,secondary suppression,and ditching,and it has been previously studied in direct-seeded rice and ***,the effects of DBRT on the mechanically transplanted rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions remain *** evaluate the effects of DBRT on improving the food security of mechanically transplanted rice and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions,we conducted an experiment for two years with wheat straw *** tillage methods were set up:DBRT,uniaxial rotary tillage in dryland and paddy(DPURT),and uniaxial rotary tillage in paddy(PURT).The results showed that compared with DPURT and PURT,DBRT increased the yield of machine-transplanted rice by 7.5-11.0%and 13.3-26.7%,respectively,while the seasonal cumulative CH_(4) emissions were reduced by 13.9-21.2%and 30.2-37.0%,respectively,and the seasonal cumulative N_(2)O emissions were increased by 13.5-28.6%and 50.0-73.1%,***,DBRT reduced the global warming potential by 10.7-15.5%and 23.7-28.6%,respectively,andtheyield-scaledglobalwarmingpotentialby18.2-21.8%and36.4-39.3%,respectively,compared to DPURT and *** results were mainly related to the fact that DBRT significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil redox potential(Eh).Therefore,implementing DBRT in machine-transplanted rice fields is feasible,which cannot only increase the rice yield,but also reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： integrated tillage rice grain yield CH_(4) N_(2)O

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Applications of artificial intelligence to lipid nanoparticle delivery

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 88-97页

作者： Ye yuan Yuqi Wu Jiabei cheng Kaiyuan Yang Yilin Xia Hongguang Wu Xiaoyong Pan Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityKey Laboratory of System Control and Information ProcessingMinistry of Education of ChinaChina Songjiang Research Institute Songjiang District Central HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are nanocarriers composed of four lipid components and can be used for gene therapy,protein replacement,and vaccine ***,LNPs also face several challenges,such as toxicity,immune activation,and low delivery *** overcome these challenges,artificial intelligence can be used to optimize the design and formulation of LNPs,as well as to predict their properties and ***,antibody-targeted conjugation can be used to enhance the specificity and selectivity of LNPs by attaching an antibody that recognizes a specific antigen on the cell surface to LNPs.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Lipid nanoparticles Antibody Targeted conjugation

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Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第5期9卷 802-830页

作者： Zejian Liu Gongqi Liu Leilei cheng Jing Gu Haoran yuan Yong Chen Yufeng Wu Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou510640China School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou510640China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Clean and efﬁcient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human ***,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power *** research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and puriﬁcation is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efﬁciency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy *** and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efﬁcient closed-loop recovery *** methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be ***,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efﬁcient short process recycling *** work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

关键词： Spent LIBs Transformative recycling LCA analysis Policy guidance High value utilization

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Further study on the genesis of lamellar calcite veins in lacustrine black shale--A case study of Paleogene in Dongying Depression, China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1508-1523页

作者： Guan-Min Wang yun-Jiao Zhang Zi-yuan Yin Rui Zhu Zhi-Yao Hou Yu Bai School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina

Lamellar calcite veins are prevalent in carbonate-rich,lacustrine dark *** formation mechanisms of these veins have been extensively debated,focusing on factors such as timing,depth,material source,and driving *** paper examines dark lacustrine shale lamellar calcite veins in the Paleogene strata of Dongying Depression,using various analytical techniques:petrography,isotope geochemistry,cathodoluminescence,inclusion thermometry,and electron probe *** distinct types of calcite veins have been identified:granular calcite veins and sparry calcite *** two types differ significantly in color,grain structure,morphology,and *** further investigation,it was observed that vein generation occurred from the shallow burial period to the maturation of organic matter,with a transition from granular calcite veins to sparry calcite *** granular calcite veins exhibit characteristics associated with the shallow burial period,including plastically deformed laminae and veins,the development of strawberry pyrite,the absence of oil and gas,weak fractionation in oxygen isotopes,and their contact relationship with sparry calcite *** granular calcite veins were likely influenced by the reduction of sulfate *** the other hand,sparry calcite veins with fibrous grains are antitaxial and closely linked to the evolution and maturation of organic *** contain oil and gas inclusions and show a distribution range of homogenization temperature between 90℃ and 120℃ and strong fractionation in oxygen isotopes,indicating formation during the hydrocarbon expulsion *** carbon isotope analysis of the surrounding rocks and veins suggests that the material for vein formation originates from the shale itself,specifically authigenic micritic calcite modified by the action of *** opening of horizontal fractures and vein formation is likely driven by fluid overpressure resulting from undercompaction and hydrocarb

关键词： Calcite veins Shale diagenesis Material source Formation period Formation mechanism

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NLRP3 and autophagy in retinal ganglion cell inflammation in age-related macular degeneration:potential therapeutic implications

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第8期17卷 1531-1544页

作者： Xiao-Li Wang yun-Xia Gao Qiong-Zhen yuan Ming Zhang Department of Ophthalmology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

Retinal degenerative diseases were a large group of diseases characterized by the primary death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Recent studies had shown an interaction between autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes,which may affect RGCs in retinal degenerative *** NLRP3 inflammasome was a protein complex that,upon activation,produces caspase-1,mediating the apoptosis of retinal cells and promoting the occurrence and development of retinal degenerative *** autophagy could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation,while inhibited autophagy can promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation,which leaded to the accelerated emergence of drusen and lipofuscin deposition under the neurosensory *** activated NLRP3 inflammasome could further inhibit autophagy,thus forming a vicious cycle that accelerated the damage and death of *** review discussed the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy and its effects on RGCs in age-related macular degeneration,providing a new perspective and direction for the treatment of retinal diseases.

关键词： autophagy age-related macular degeneration NLRP3 inflammasome retinal degeneration retinal ganglion cells

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