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Experimental Study on the Molten Salt at Micron Scale during the Melting Process

Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 70-85页

作者： TIAN Ziqian LIAO Zhirong XU Chao FANG Yongzhe JIANG Kaijun yuan mengdi Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The investigation of the melting behaviors of the molten salt at micron scale during the melting process is critical for explaining the solid-liquid phase transition mechanism.In this paper,a novel experimental system and analysis method were proposed to study the melting process with three heating rates in the range of1-10℃/min of the solar salt at micron scale.The solid-liquid boundary morphology and phase transition kinetics of molten salt particles were focused on.Meanwhile,the correlations between liquid fraction,temperature and time under different heating rates were studied.The solid-liquid boundary morphology was depicted by the visualized experimental set-up,and the instantaneous liquid volume fraction during the non-isothermal phase transition was obtained.Then,the correlation between temperature and liquid volume fraction was proposed to reveal the evolution of the solid-liquid boundary with temperature at different heating rates.Furthermore,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equation was established by introducing a constant parameter(V_(a,b)),and more kinetic parameters such as 1g V_(a,b) and-lg V_(a,b)/b were studied.The results showed that the exponent b is not sensitive to the heating rate with a range of 3-5 for solar salt particles.However,the heating rate influences the value of V_(a,b) and presents a positive relationship.Besides,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equations at different heating rates in the range of 1-10℃/min can be quickly predicted by the proposed improved experimental test method.This study could fill the research insufficiency and provide significant guidance for future research on the solid-liquid transition mechanism of molten salts at micron scale.

关键词： molten salt non-isothermal phase transition solid-liquid boundary morphology liquid volume fraction micron scale melting process

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A Comprehensive Study of a Low-Grade Heat-Driven Cooling and Power System Based on Heat Current Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1523-1541页

作者： ZHAO Tian XU Ronghong XIN Yonglin HE Kelun MA Huan yuan mengdi CHEN Qun School of Energy Storage Science and Engineering North China University of Technology Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua University

Combined cooling and power(CCP) system driven by low-grade heat is promising for improving energy efficiency.This work proposes a CCP system that integrates a regenerative organic Rankine cycle(RORC)and an absorption chiller on both driving and cooling fluid sides.The system is modeled by using the heat current method to fully consider nonlinear heat transfer and heat-work conversion constraints and resolve its behavior accurately.The off-design system simulation is performed next,showing that the fluid inlet temperatures and flow rates of cooling water as well as RORC working fluid strongly affect system performance.The off-design operation even becomes infeasible when parameters deviate from nominal values largely due to limited heat transfer capability of components,highlighting the importance of considering heat transfer constraints via heat current method.Design optimization aiming to minimize the total thermal conductance is also conducted.RORC efficiency increases by 7.9% and decreases by 12.4% after optimization,with the hot fluid inlet temperature increase from 373.15 to 403.15 K and mass flow rate ranges from 10 to 30 kg/s,emphasizing the necessity of balancing system cost and performance.

关键词： combined cooling and power system organic Rankine cycle absorption chiller cascade heat utilization heat current method off-design analysis

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Preparation and Thermal Stability of AlMoON Based Solar Selective Absorption Coating

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第4期39卷 854-862页

作者：闵捷 yuan Wenxu CHEN Yufei LAN Yapeng YAN mengdi LIU Hanze CHENG Xudong 代路 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China Col-laborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China School of Industrial Design Hu-bei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Process-ing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Science and Technology on Thermal Energy and Power Laboratory Wuhan Second Ship Design&Research InstituteWuhan 430205China

AlMoON based solar selective absorption coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrate by magnetron sputtering.The coatings included infrared reflection layer Mo,absorption layer AlMoN,absorption layer AlMoON and antireflection layer AlMoO from bottom to top.The surface of the deposited coatings is flat without obvious defects.The absorptivity and emissivity are 0.896 and 0.09,respectively,and the quality factor is 9.96.After heat treatment at 500℃-36 h,the surface roughness of the coating increases,a small number of cracks and other defects appear,and the broken part is still attached to the coating surface.A certain degree of element diffusion occurs in the coatings,resulting in the decline of the optical properties of the coatings.The absorptivity and emissivity are 0.883 and 0.131,respectively,the quality factor is 7.06,and the PC value is 0.0335.The coatings do not fail under this condition and have certain thermal stability.

关键词： AlMoON coating preparation thermal stability

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A switchable concentrating photovoltaic/concentrating solar power(CPV/CSP)hybrid system for flexible electricity/thermal generation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 2332-2345页

作者： PAN XinYu yuan mengdi JU Xing XU Chao Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education School of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Due to the intermittency and indeterminacy of solar irradiance,balancing energy supply and load demand remains a challenge.This paper proposed a switchable hybrid system that combines concentrating photovoltaic/concentrating solar power(CPV/CSP)technology with thermal energy storage(TES)to achieve flexible electricity and thermal generation by adjusting the incident solar flux of photovoltaic(PV).The hybrid system can directly transfer surplus solar energy into high-quality heat for storage using a rotatable PV/heat receiver.The simulated results demonstrated that the hybrid system effectively improves power generation,optimally utilizes TES capacity,and reduces the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE).Over a selected seven-day period,the single-junction(1J)Ga As solar cells used in the hybrid system sustainably satisfied the load demand for more than five days without grid supplement,outperforming the CSP plant by an additional two days.The hybrid system utilizing the 1J Ga As with the base configuration of solar multiple(SM)of 1.26 and TES capacity of 5 h improved the annual power production and renewable penetration(RP)by 20.8%and 24.8%compared with the conventional CSP plant,respectively.The hybrid plant with monosilicon and a configuration of SM(1.8),PV ratio(1),and TES capacity(6 h)achieved an optimal LCOE of11.52$ct/k Wh and RP of 75.5%,which is 8.8%lower and 12.1%higher than the CSP plant,respectively.

关键词： concentrated photovoltaic concentrated solar power hybrid system flexible electricity/thermal ratio techno-economic analysis

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Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 309-340页

作者： Bin Wang yuan Lu Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work.During the last 60 years,designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research.Effective progress has been made,attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry,biology and nanotechnology,and informatics.However,individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality.In order to address these problems,collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm.In this review,we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines.In particular,collective behavior is divided into two paradigms.One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials.The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations.We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties.Subsequently,in order to address existing challenges,the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented,offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.

关键词： Molecular machines Collective control Collective behaviors DNA Biomolecular motors

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Photonic neuromorphic architecture for tens-of-task lifelong learning

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 519-530页

作者： yuan Cheng Jianing Zhang Tiankuang Zhou Yuyan Wang Zhihao Xu Xiaoyun yuan Lu Fang Sigma Laboratory Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Beijing 100084China Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science Tsinghua University(THUIBCS)Beijing 100084China

Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks.Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls,hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task learning.Referring to another modality of light,photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic systems.Here,we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network(L2 ONN),for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware codesign.Benefiting from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections,L2 ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field,while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the activation.The multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different wavelengths.Extensive evaluations on freespace and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time,L2 ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing,owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks(vision classification,voice recognition,medical diagnosis,etc.)with a single model.Particularly,L2 ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks,and 14×larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual task.The proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme,permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.

关键词： life neural versatile

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Erratum to:Detecting gravitational wave with an interferometric seismometer array on lunar nearside[Sci.China-Phys.Mech.Astron.66,109513(2023)]

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 182-183页

作者： Junlang Li Fangfei Liu yuan Pan Zijian Wang mengdi Cao Mengyao Wang Fan Zhang Jinhai Zhang Zong-Hong Zhu Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Engineering Laboratory for Deep Resources Equipment and Technology Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

This paper"Detecting gravitational wave with an interferometric seismometer array on lunar nearside"[1]was published in SCIENCE CHINA Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy(66,109513(2023),doi:10.1007/s11433-023-2179-9).Due to an oversight on our part,some errors were made in the originally published paper.We apologize for these errors and offer the corresponding explanations and corrections for the readers.

关键词： gravitational seism wave

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Lactate metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 69-74页

作者： Chaoguang Yang Rui-yuan Pan Fangxia Guan Zengqiang yuan The Brain Science Center Beijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina

Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions.The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has cla rified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system.Moreover,protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription,cellular functions,and disease development.This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases,thus providing optimal pers pectives for future research.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle brain central nervous system glucose metabolism glycolysis neuroinflammation Parkinson's disease protein lactylation signaling molecule

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Motor cortical circuit adaptations in parkinsonism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2107-2108页

作者： Hong-yuan Chu Department of Neurodegenerative Science Van Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMIUSA Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network

Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,which leads to the featured motor impairment of parki... 详细信息

关键词： parkin impairment rigidity

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Protein lipidation in health and disease:molecular basis,physiological function and pathological implication

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1423-1465页

作者： yuan yuan Peiyuan Li jianghui Li Qiu Zhao Ying Chang Xingxing He Department of Gastroenterology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases WuhanChina

Posttranslational modifications increase the complexity and functional diversity of proteins in response to complex external stimuli and internal changes.Among these,protein lipidations which refer to lipid attachment to proteins are prominent,which primarily encompassing five types including S-palmitoylation,N-myristoylation,S-prenylation,glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPl)anchor and cholesterylation.Lipid attachment to proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of protein trafficking,localisation,stability,conformation,interactions and signal transduction by enhancing hydrophobicity.Accumulating evidence from genetic,structural,and biomedical studies has consistently shown that protein lipidation is pivotal in the regulation of broad physiological functions and is inextricably linked to a variety of diseases.Decades of dedicated research have driven the development of a wide range of drugs targeting protein lipidation,and several agents have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies,some of which,such as asciminib and lonafarnib are FDA-approved for therapeutic use,indicating that targeting protein lipidations represents a promising therapeutic strategy.Here,we comprehensively review the known regulatory enzymes and catalytic mechanisms of various protein lipidation types,outline the impact of protein lipidations on physiology and disease,and highlight potential therapeutic targets and clinical research progress,aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for future protein lipidation research.

关键词： Lipid ation primarily

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