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Effects of repeated applications of fungicide carbendazim on its persistence and microbial community in soil

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 179-185页

作者： yu yunlong,chu xiaoqiang,pang guohui,xiang yueqin,fang hua department of plant protection,college of agriculture and biotechnology,zhejiang university,hangzhou 310029,china. department of plant protection College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Carbendazim, a systemic benzimidazole fungicide, is applied repeatedly to control plant diseases including soilborne diseases, over a growing season. Studies were carried out under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of repeated carbendazim applications on its persistence and microbial community in soil. The results indicate that dissipation of carbendazim in soil was accelerated with its application frequency. The degradation rate constant of carbendazim was increased significantly from 0.074 d-1 to 0.79 d-1. The corresponding half-life was shorten markedly from 9.3 d to 0.9 d after four repeated applications. No significant inhibitory effect of carbendazim on soil microbial utilization of the carbon sources was observed after first treatment, but a slight increase in average well color development （AWCD） was shown after second, third, and fourth applications. It suggested that soil microorganisms become adapted to carbendazim after repeated application. Simpson and Shannon indexes of soil microbial community from carbendazim treated soil were also similar to those from the control soil, indicating that the richness and dominant character of soil microorganisms remain unchangeable after repeated application. However, after first, second, and third addition of carbendazim, McIntosh indexes on day 21 were significantly higher compared with the control, suggesting that balance of soil microorganisms was altered due to the enrichment of the specific carbendazim-adapting strains in soil

关键词： carbendazim degradation soil microorganism repeated application

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Carbendazim induces a temporary change in soil bacterial community structure

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第12期21卷 1679-1683页

作者： WANG Xiuguo, SONG Min, GAO chunming, DONG Bin, ZHANG Qun, fang hua, yu yunlong department of plant protection, college of agriculture and biotechnology, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310029, china. department of plant protection College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

The effect of carbendazim applications on the diversity and structure of a soil bacterial community was studied under field conditions using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis （TGGE） and partial sequence analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. After four successive introductions of carbendazim at a level of 0.94 kg active ingredient （a.i.）/ha, the genetic diversity （expressed as Shannon index, H′） decreased from 1.43 in the control to 1.29 in treated soil. This harmful effect seems to increase with the concentration of carbendazim. The value of H＇ in the soil treated with carbendazim at 4.70 kg a.i./ha was reduced to 1.05 （P ≤ 0.05）. The structure of soil bacterial community was also affected after four repeated applications of carbendazim at levels of 0.94, 1.88 and 4.70 kg a.i./ha, as seen in the relative intensities of the individual band. However, the bacterial community in carbendazim-treated soil recovered to that in the control 360 d after the first treatment. The results indicated that repeated applications of carbendazim could reduce soil microbial diversity and alter the bacterial community structure temporarily.

关键词： carbendazim bacterial diversity temperature gradient gel electrophoresis phylogenetic analysis

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Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 380-386页

作者： fang hua yu yunlong chu xiaoqiang WANG Xiuguo YANG Xiaoe yu Jingquan department of plant protection College of Agriculture & Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China MOE Key Lab of Environment Remediation & Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China department of Horticulture College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory condition. The degradation half-live of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that the average well color development （AWCD） in soils was significantly （P 〈 0.05） inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to a similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices （Simpson index lID and McIntosh index U） was observed, but no significant difference among the values of the Shannon-Wiener index H＇ was found in chlorpyrifos-treated soils. With an increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-life of chlorpyrifos was significantly （P ≤ 0.05） extended and its inhibitory effect on soil microorganisms was aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.

关键词： Biolog chlorpyrifos community-level physiological profile microbial functional diversity

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Degradation of chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with chlorothalonil and their effects on soil microbial populations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 464-469页

作者： chu xiaoqiang fang hua PAN Xuedong WANG Xiao SHAN Min FENG Bo yu yunlong department of plant protection College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

In practice, pesticides are usually applied simultaneously or one after another for crop protection, and this type of pesticide application often leads to a combined contamination of pesticide residues in the soil environment. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the influence of chlorothalonil on chlorpyrifos degradation and its effects on soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations. Under the experimental conditions here, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos alone, and in combination with chlorothalonil, at the recommended and double dosages, were measured to be 3.24, 2.77, and 2.63 d, respectively. Chlorpyrifos degradation was not significantly altered by its combination with chlorothalonil. However, the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microorganisms was increased by its combination with chlorothalonil, and the increase was related to the levels of chlorothalonil added. Compared to those in the controls, the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were significantly reduced by 44.1%, 61.1%, and 72.8%, respectively, on the first day after treatment （DAT） by chlorpyrifos alone. With the addition of chlorothalonil, the inhibition was increased to 55.2%, 79.3%, and 85,8% at the recommended dosage, and 86.0%, 94.1%, and 90.8% at the double dosage, at one DAT, respectively. The results suggested that combined effects should be taken into account to assess the actual impacts of pesticide applications.

关键词： pesticide soil microorganism chlorpyrifos chlorothalonil combination

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土壤中多菌灵的降解动态及其对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响

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土壤学报 2008年第4期45卷 699-704页

作者：向月琴高春明庞国辉郝乙杰方华楚小强虞云龙浙江大学农业与生物技术学院植保系杭州310029

采用实验室模拟方法研究了多菌灵在土壤生态系统中的降解动态及其对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响。结果表明,2.0和4.0 mg kg-1多菌灵在土壤中的降解半衰期分别为8.6和6.8 d。试验初期各个处理的土壤微生物群落的AWCD值显著降低,土壤微生... 详细信息

采用实验室模拟方法研究了多菌灵在土壤生态系统中的降解动态及其对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响。结果表明,2.0和4.0 mg kg-1多菌灵在土壤中的降解半衰期分别为8.6和6.8 d。试验初期各个处理的土壤微生物群落的AWCD值显著降低,土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数均低于不加多菌灵的对照,微生物群落的丰富度、均匀度和优势度受到抑制,并且多菌灵对土壤微生物的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增强。随着时间的延长,多菌灵对土壤微生物的毒性逐渐减弱,3 d后土壤微生物多样性逐渐恢复到对照水平。

关键词：多菌灵土壤微生物群落多样性降解动态 BIOLOG

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Mitochondria-targeted expression of orf220 gene causes male sterility as modulated by mitochondrial retrograde regulation in stem mustard (Brassica juncea)

Mitochondria-targeted expression of orf220 gene causes male ...

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中国遗传学会植物遗传和基因组学专业委员会2007年学术研讨会

作者： Yang Jing-hua~(1,2) Zhang Ming-fang~(1,2) yu Jing-Quan~(1,2) 1.Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Functional Improvement for Horticultural plants,department of Horticulture,zhejiang university,hangzhou,310029,china.2.Laboratory of Horticultural plant Growth,Development & biotechnology,Ministry of agriculture,hangzhou 310029,china

Cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms) is a phenomenon that plants fail to produce functional pollens as result of mitochondrial dysfunction arising of mitochondria- nuclear *** chimeric open reading frame (orf) resulting f...

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Effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 4-5页

作者： SHAN Min fang hua WANG Xiao FENG Bo chu Xiao-qiang yu yun-long department of plant protection College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that acts as an insecticide-acaricide by ingestion, contact, and inhalation, and is now widely used in greenhouse for the control of pests. The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in crops such as orange fruit （Martinez-Vidal et al., 1998）, tomatoes（Aysal et al., 1999）, soil and its effects on soil microbial characteristics （Singh et al., 2002） has been reported frequently. However, little information is available to describe impacts of chlorpyrifos on soil microbial population and enzyme activity in greenhouse. In this study, the effect of chlorpyrifos on soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and soil enzyme activity was investigated.

关键词： chlorpyrifos microorganism soil enzyme

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Combined remediation of DDT congeners and cadmium in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and Sedum alfredii Hance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1036-1046页

作者： hua fang Wei Zhou Zhengya Cao Feifan Tang Dandan Wang Kailin Liu xiangwei Wu Xiao'e Yang Yongge Sun yunlong yu department of plant protection College of Agriculture & Biotechnology Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310058 China. E-mail: agri@*** Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Ministry of Agriculture Hangzhou 310058 China MOE Key Lab of Environment Remediation & Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Combined pollution of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis （4-chlorophenyl） ethane （DDT） and cadmium （Cd） in agricultural soils is of great concern because they present serious risk to food security and human *** order to develop a cost-effective and safe method for the removal of DDTs and Cd in soil,combined remediation of DDTs and Cd in soil by Sphingobacterium sp.D-6 and the hyperaccumulator,Sedum alfredii Hance was *** treatment for 210 days,the degradation half-lives of DDTs in soils treated by strain D-6 decreased by 8.1% to 68.0% compared with those in the *** inoculation of strain D-6 into soil decreased the uptake of DDTs by pak choi and *** shoots/roots ratios of *** for the Cd accumulation ranged from 12.32 to *** Cd concentration in soil decreased to 65.8%-71.8% for *** treatment and 14.1%-58.2% for *** and strain D-6 combined treatment,respectively,compared with that in the *** population size of the DDTs-degrading strain,Simpson index （1/D） and soil respiratory rate decreased in the early stage of treatment and then gradually increased,ultimately recovering to or exceeding the initial *** results indicated that synchronous incorporation of strain D-6 and *** into soil was found to significantly （p 0.05） enhance the degradation of DDTs in soil and the hyperaccumulation of Cd in *** was concluded that strain D-6 and *** could be used successfully to control DDTs and Cd in contaminated soil.

关键词： bioremediation cadmium Sphingobacterium sp. Sedum alfredii Hance 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane

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Dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil in a greenhouse

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 760-764页

作者： fang hua yu yun-long WANG Xiao SHAN Min WU Xiao-mao yu Jing-quan department of plant protection Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China department of Horticulture College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 china

The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil was investigated in the summer and autumn in a greenhouse and field, respectively. The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-grown soil was comparatively described by fitting the residue data to seven models （lst-order, 1.5th-order, 2nd-order, RF lst-order, RF 1.5th-order, RF 2nd-order, and bi-exponential or two-compartment models）. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 11.5 statistical package. The bi-exponential model was selected as the optimal model according to the coefficient of determination r^2. The dissipation half-lives （DT50） of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-vegetated soil at the recommended dose in the summer and autumn, calculated by the bi-exponential model, were 0.6 and 1.2 d in a greenhouse, 0.4 and 1.0 d in a field, respectively; the corresponding values at double dose were 1.2 and 2.1 d in a greenhouse, 0.5 and 1.3 d in a field, respectively. The kinetic data indicate the dissipation of chlorpyrifos in pakchoi-grown soil in a greenhouse is slower than that in a field, and dissipates slower in the autumn than in the summer.

关键词： chlorpyrifos dissipation greenhouse kinetic model soil

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Hydrogen peroxide functions as a secondary messenger for brassinosteroids-induced CO_2 assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism in Cucumis sativus

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Journal of zhejiang university-Science B(Biomedicine & biotechnology) 2012年第10期13卷 811-823页

作者： yu-ping JIANG Fei CHENG Yan-hong ZHOU Xiao-jian XIA Wei-hua MAO Kai SHI Zhi-xiang CHEN Jing-quan yu department of Horticulture College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Horticultural plants Growth Development and Quality ImprovementMinistry of AgricultureHangzhou 310058China department of Botany and plant Pathology Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47907-2054USA

Brassinosteroids(BRs) are potent regulators of photosynthesis and crop yield in agricultural crops;however,the mechanism by which BRs increase photosynthesis is not fully ***,we show that foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) resulted in increases in CO 2 assimilation,hydrogen peroxide(H 2 O 2) accumulation,and leaf area in cucumber.H 2 O 2 treatment induced increases in CO 2 assimilation whilst inhibition of the H 2 O 2 accumulation by its generation inhibitor or scavenger completely abolished EBR-induced CO 2 *** of light harvesting due to larger leaf areas in EBR-and H 2 O 2-treated plants were accompanied by increases in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(Φ PSII) and photochemical quenching coefficient(q P).EBR and H 2 O 2 both activated carboxylation efficiency of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase/carboxylase(Rubisco) from analysis of CO 2 response curve and in vitro measurement of Rubisco ***,EBR and H 2 O 2 increased contents of total soluble sugar,sucrose,hexose,and starch,followed by enhanced activities of sugar metabolism such as sucrose phosphate synthase,sucrose synthase,and ***,expression of transcripts of enzymes involved in starch and sugar utilization were inhibited by EBR and H 2 O ***,the effects of EBR on carbohydrate metabolisms were reversed by the H 2 O 2 generation inhibitor diphenyleneodonium(DPI) or scavenger dimethylthiourea(DMTU) *** of these results indicate that H 2 O 2 functions as a secondary messenger for EBR-induced CO 2 assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism in cucumber *** study confirms that H 2 O 2 mediates the regulation of photosynthesis by BRs and suggests that EBR and H 2 O 2 regulate Calvin cycle and sugar metabolism via redox signaling and thus increase the photosynthetic potential and yield of crops.

关键词： Metabolism Photosynthesis Reactive oxygen species Rubisco Sucrose

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