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An Introduction to the Chinese High-Resolution Earth Observation System:Gaofen-1~7 Civilian Satellites

Journal of Remote Sensing 2022年第1期2022卷 244-257页

作者： Liangfu Chen Husi Letu Meng Fan Huazhe Shang Jinhua Tao Laixiong Wu Ying zhang Chao yu Jianbin Gu Ning zhang Jin Hong Zhongting Wang Tianyu zhang State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science The Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Datun Road No.20(North)Beijing 100101China University of Chinese academy of sciences(UCAS) Beijing 100101China Remote Sensing Application Center Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of ChinaSanlihe Road No.9 Beijing 100835China Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization of Chinese academy of Science Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100006China

The Chinese High-resolution Earth Observation System(CHEOS)program has successfully launched 7 civilian satellites since *** satellites are named by Gaofen(meaning high resolution in Chinese,hereafter noted as GF).To combine the advantages of high temporal and comparably high spatial resolution,diverse sensors are deployed to each ***-1 and GF-6 carry both high-resolution cameras(2. resolution panchromatic and 8m resolution multispectral camera),providing high spatial imaging for land use monitoring;GF-3 is equipped with a C-band multipolarization synthetic aperture radar with a spatial resolution of up to 1 meter,mostly monitoring marine targets;GF-5 carried 6 sensors including hyperspectral camera and directional polarization camera,dedicated to environmental remote sensing and climate research,such as aerosol,clouds,and greenhouse gas monitoring;and GF-7 laser altimeter system payload enables a three-dimensional surveying and mapping of natural resource and land surveying,facilitating the accumulation of basic {2. *** study provides an overview of GF civilian series satellites,especially their missions,sensors,and applications.

关键词： payload Earth surveying

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生态水文学兴起:学科理论与实践问题的评述

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北京师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2022年第3期58卷 412-423页

作者：刘昌明刘璇于静洁杨胜天赵长森门宝辉赵志龙王红瑞北京师范大学水科学研究院城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室北京100875 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院北京102206

生态水文学是2.世纪后半叶发展起来的新兴水科学研究领域的交叉综合学科,基于习近平总书记的“生态优先、绿色发展”理念和实现我国生态文明建设目标,其研究成为我国新时期水科学理论与实践的新目标与新挑战,为“绿色-高质量-可持续”... 详细信息

生态水文学是2.世纪后半叶发展起来的新兴水科学研究领域的交叉综合学科,基于习近平总书记的“生态优先、绿色发展”理念和实现我国生态文明建设目标,其研究成为我国新时期水科学理论与实践的新目标与新挑战,为“绿色-高质量-可持续”发展提供强大动力.本文简述了生态水文学国内外发展历程和动向,深入评述了生态水文研究的几个基础理论问题,主要包括:人-水-生态系统关系认知与协同变化的和谐内涵、四大平衡的协同内涵及Budyko水-热平衡联系方程、绿水在生态系统中的重要内容和面向全球变化的生态水文宏微观尺度研究,并着重阐述了生态系统的需水与用水;针对生态水文的实践应用,阐述了水-碳循环耦合机制研究能够有效服务国家“双碳”计划,分析了南水北调工程和黄河流域生态环境治理中生态水文问题,提出了南水北调西线工程是构建国家水网、缓解黄河流域水资源短缺的重要举措;基于生态水文研究现状和国家发展需求,对生态水文研究提出展望,如生态系统对人类活动和气候变化响应机制研究、水土保持与生态建设综合技术体系、多源信息融合新技术、加强与社会科学的交叉融合研究和生态水文系统研究等.

关键词：生态水文人-水-生态系统生态需水黄河流域水碳耦合

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基于水资源分区的黄河流域极端降水时空变化特征

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资源科学 2022年第2期44卷 261-273页

作者：吕锦心刘昌明梁康田巍白鹏张仪辉中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

探究和预估气候变化下黄河流域极端降水的变化特征,是科学认知黄河水情以及支撑流域防洪减灾工作的基础。本文基于全国水资源二级分区,综合采用“中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集”和跨部门影响模型相互比较项目(ISIMIP)的降水数据,利用... 详细信息

探究和预估气候变化下黄河流域极端降水的变化特征,是科学认知黄河水情以及支撑流域防洪减灾工作的基础。本文基于全国水资源二级分区,综合采用“中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集”和跨部门影响模型相互比较项目(ISIMIP)的降水数据,利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Sen’s斜率估计等方法分析了黄河流域及其8个二级水资源分区的6个极端降水指标在历史期(1979—2.18年)和未来期(2.2.—2.00年)的时空变化特性。研究表明:①空间上,历史期与未来不同情景下黄河流域极端降水指标值在整体上均呈现由西北至东南逐渐增大的变化特征,在河口镇至龙门(Ⅳ)、龙门至三门峡(Ⅴ)等分区内部还出现了极端降水高值中心,这些区域高值中心与历史洪水爆发区具有较好的空间对应关系;②时间上(历史期),多数水资源分区的极端降水指标主要呈上升趋势,且小时尺度极端降水增强是所有分区的统一特征;作为黄河干流洪水主要来源区的兰州以上(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、河口镇至龙门(Ⅳ)、花园口以下(Ⅶ)分区的所有极端降水指标呈上升趋势;③时间上(未来期),在不同辐射强迫情景下,未来各水资源分区的极端降水指标值都呈增加趋势,且增加幅度和空间覆盖范围会随着辐射强迫的增大而增大,这将加剧黄河分区防洪形势,其中河口镇以上3个分区(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)和龙门至三门峡(Ⅴ)分区的极端降水增强幅度最为明显,是未来防洪重点区。本文结果可为黄河流域未来极端降水灾害风险评估、区域防洪风险分析及应对、雨洪水资源管理等提供参考。

关键词：极端降水水资源分区空间分异地球系统模式 ISIMIP 黄河流域

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Asymmetric Ridge–Furrow and Film Cover Improves Plant Morphological Traits and Light Utilization in Rain-Fed Maize

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Journal of Meteorological research 2018年第5期32卷 829-838页

作者： Wanlin DONG Hang yu Lizhen zhang Ruonan WANG Qi WANG Qingwu XUE Zhihua PAN Zhigang SUN Xuebiao PAN Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Agricultural Meteorological Department College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University china Meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing 100081China College of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1O0190China Wuchuan Scientific and Observing Experimental Station of Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Hohhot 011700China yushu Meteorological Service of Jilin Province Changchun 130061China Texas A&MAgriLife research and Extension AmarilloTexas 79106-1769USA

Light is one of the most important natural resources for plant growth. Light interception （LI） and use efficiency （LUE） are often affected by the structure of canopy caused by growing pattern and agronomy managements. Agro-nomy practices, such as the ridge-furrow system and plastic film cover, might affect the leaf morphology and then light transmission within the canopy, thus change light extinction coefficient （k）, and LI and LUE. The objective of this study is to quantify LI and LUE in rain-fed maize （Zea Mays L.）, a major cropping system in Northeast {2., under different combinations of ridge-furrow and film covering ratios. The tested ridge-furrow system （DRF：＂double ridges and furrows＂） was asymmetric and alternated with wide ridge （0.70 m in width and 0.15 m in height）, narrow furrow （0.10 m）, narrow ridge （0.40 m in width and 0.2. m in height）, and narrow furrow （0.10 m）. Field ex-periments were conducted in 2.13 and 2.14 in Jilin Province, Northeast {2.. Four treatments were tested： no ridges and plastic film cover （control, NRF）, ridges without film cover （DRF0）, ridges with 58% film cover （DRF58）, and ridges with 100% film cover （DRFl00）. DRF0 significantly increased LI by 9% compared with NRF, while film cover showed a marginal improvement. Specific leaf area in DRF experiments with film cover was significantly lower than in NRF, and leaf angle was 16% higher than in NRF, resulting in a 4% reduction in k. LUE of maize was not increased by DRF0, but was significantly enhanced by covering film in other DRF experiments, especially by 2.% in DRF100. The increase of LUE by film cover was due to a greater biomass production and a lower assimilation portioning to vegetative organs, which caused a higher harvest index. The results could help farmers to optimize maize managements, especially in the region with decreased solar radiation under climate change.

关键词： light interception light use efficiency film mulching plant morphology ridge and furrow cultivation

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Ice-wedge Pseudomorphs Showing Climatic Change Since the Late Pleistocene in the Source Area of the Yellow River, Northeast Tibet

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Journal of Mountain Science 2005年第3期2卷 193-201页

作者： CHENG Jie zhang Xujiao TIAN Mingzhong yu Wenyang yu Jiangkuan TANG Dexiang yuE Jianwei china University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China institute of geographic {2. and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The source area of the Yellow River is located in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and is a high-elevation region with the annual mean temperature of -3.9℃. The ice-wedge pseudomorphs discovered in this region are recognized as two types. One was found in sandy gravel beds of the second terrace of the Yellow River. This ice-wedge pseudomorph is characterized by higher ratio of breadth/depth, and are 1-1.4 m wide and about 1 m deep. The bottom border of the ice-wedge pseudomorph is round arc in section. Another discovered in the pedestal of the second terrace has lower ratio of width/depth, and is o.3-1.0 m wide and 1-2.m deep. Its bottom border is sharp. Based on the TL dating, the former was formed at the middleHolocene （5.69±0.43 ka BP and 5.43±0.41 ka BP）, that is, the Megathermal, and the latter was formed at the late Last Glacial Maximum （13.49±1.43 ka BP）. Additionally, the thawing-freezing folders discovered in the late Late Pleistocene proluvium are 39.83±3.84 ka BP in age. The study on the ice-wedge pseudomorphs showed that the air temperature was lowered by up to 6-7℃ in the source area of the Yellow River when the ice-wedge pseudomorphs and thawing-freezing folds developed.

关键词： Ice-wedge pseudomorph paleoclimate Last Glacial Age Megathermal the source area of the Yellow River Tibetan Plateau

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Effects of land use change on the spatiotemporal variability of soil organic carbon in an urban-rural ecotone of beijing,china

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 918-928页

作者： YE Hui-chun HUANG yuan-fang CHEN Peng-fei HUANG Wen-jiang zhang Shi-wen HUANGShan-yu HOU Sen Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094P.R.China Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation Sanya 572029P.R.China College of resources and Environment China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China State Key Laboratory of resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China College of Earth and Environment Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001P.R.China institute of Geography University of CologneKoln 50923Germany

Understanding the effects of land use changes on the spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon （SOC） can provide guidance for low carbon and sustainable agriculture. In this paper, based on the large-scale datasets of soil surveys in 1982.and 2.09 for Pinggu District -- an urban-rural ecotone of beijing, china, the effects of land use and land use changes on both temporal variation and spatial variation of SOC were analyzed. Results showed that from 1982.to 2.09 in Pinggu District, the following land use change mainly occurred： Grain cropland converted to orchard or vegetable land, and grassland converted to forestland. The SOC content decreased in region where the land use type changed to grain cropland （e.g., vegetable land to grain cropland decreased by 0.7 g kg-1; orchard to grain cropland decreased by 0.2.g kg-l）. In contrast, the SOC content increased in region where the land use type changed to either orchard （excluding forestland） or forestland （e.g., grain cropland to orchard and forestland increased by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg-1, respectively; grassland to orchard and forestland increased by 4.8 and 4.9 g kg-1, respectively）. The organic carbon accumulation capacity per unit mass of the soil increased in the following order： grain cropland soil〈vegetable land/grassland soil〈orchard soil〈forestland soil. Therefore, to both secure supply of agricultural products and develop low carbon agriculture in a modern city, orchard has proven to be a good choice for land using.

关键词： land use change soil organic carbon spatiotemporal variability urban-rural ecotone

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有机肥水溶性养分及评价指标研究

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中国土壤与肥料 2018年第3期 122-127页

作者：冯龙张旭博孙楠梁硕唐瑜吴正肖李雄陶雯张崇玉贵州大学农学院贵州贵阳550025 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室北京100081

为修订有机肥料标准提供理论和参考依据,本研究设置3类有机肥模拟样品:(1)畜禽粪便有机肥:鸡粪有机肥(C1)、C1+化肥+煤矸石(C1-CF-M1)、C1+化肥+风化煤(C1-CF-M2.、C1+化肥+腐殖酸土(C1-CF-M3);(2.中草药渣(发酵完全,Z1)、Z1+化肥(Z1-CF... 详细信息

为修订有机肥料标准提供理论和参考依据,本研究设置3类有机肥模拟样品:(1)畜禽粪便有机肥:鸡粪有机肥(C1)、C1+化肥+煤矸石(C1-CF-M1)、C1+化肥+风化煤(C1-CF-M2.、C1+化肥+腐殖酸土(C1-CF-M3);(2.中草药渣(发酵完全,Z1)、Z1+化肥(Z1-CF)、中草药渣(发酵不完全,Z2.、Z2.化肥(Z2.CF);(3)玉米芯菌菇包(H1)、H1+化肥(H1-CF),并测定其总养分和水溶性养分含量及容重,以探究有机肥养分及品质评价指标的合理范围。结果表明:1)各供试有机肥全氮、全磷、全钾含量相等时,C1的水溶性氮、磷、钾含量最低(3.83、3.58、8.50 g·kg^(-1)),而添加化肥的有机肥样品(C1-CF-M1、C1-CF-M2.C1-CF-M3、Z1-CF、Z2.CF、H1-CF)的水溶性氮、磷、钾含量分别高于7.45、8.71、15.78 g·kg^(-1);2.正常发酵的有机肥(C1、Z1、H1)水溶性氮占全氮含量的16.48%~2..66%,水溶性磷占全磷含量的12.92.~2.0}9%,水溶性钾占全钾含量的19.48%~39.2.%,水溶性有机质占总有机质含量的6.37%~9.80%,容重低于0.51 g·cm^(-3);而添加化肥的有机肥样品(C1-CF-M1、C1-CF-M2.C1-CF-M3、Z1-CF、Z2.CF、H1-CF)的水溶性氮占全氮含量的47.91%以上,水溶性磷占全磷含量的54.03%以上,水溶性钾占全钾含量的72.90%以上;C1-CF-M1、C1-CF-M2.C1-CF-M3处理的水溶性有机质占总有机质含量的1%以下,容重高于0.69 g·cm^(-3);3)未发酵完全的处理Z2.其水溶性氮占全氮含量的13.93%以下,水溶性磷占全磷含量的10.37%以下,水溶性钾占全钾含量的2..94%以下,水溶性有机质占总有机质含量的2.2.%,容重低于0.51 g·cm^(-3)。因此,供试有机肥均达到农业行业标准(NY 52.-2.12.的前提下,进一步检测其水溶性养分含量以及容重,可为农业行业标准(NY 52.-2.12.修订提供多元检测方法和理论依据。

关键词：有机肥品质评价水溶性养分容重

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基于夜光遥感的我国春运人口流动时空特征研究

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测绘与空间地理信息 2024年第5期47卷 68-70,74页

作者：王白羽于泉洲林英华姜杰张宏立栾志理张二勋聊城大学地理与环境学院山东聊城252059 浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院浙江金华321004 国家高分辨率对地观测系统山东省聊城市数据与应用中心山东聊城252000 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

基于2.13、2.19和2.2.年的NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据,构建春节夜光差值指数,在省域尺度上证明了差值指数与流动人口量具有显著相关性(R=0.61,P<0.01),并以该指数研究了全国春运期间人口流动的时空特征。结果发现:1)我国春运强度在胡焕庸线... 详细信息

基于2.13、2.19和2.2.年的NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据,构建春节夜光差值指数,在省域尺度上证明了差值指数与流动人口量具有显著相关性(R=0.61,P1),并以该指数研究了全国春运期间人口流动的时空特征。结果发现:1)我国春运强度在胡焕庸线两侧差异明显,东南地区人口流动是西北地区的6倍左右。春运在东南地区呈现连片式特征,在西北地区呈现离散零星式的流动特征。2.2.13—2.2.年间,我国春运期间总体人口流动格局大致稳定,但流入地和流出地在空间上存在一定变化。3)经济发展状况和新冠疫情可能导致了这种格局演化特征的发生。尤其新冠疫情防疫和“就地过年”政策的推出,导致2.2.年春节期间大规模人口流动的减少,春运强度的下降。

关键词：春运人口流动空间格局夜光遥感新冠疫情

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Study on the synergy between intra-urban resident＇s migration and job change in beijing

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Journal of geographical sciences 2015年第8期25卷 978-990页

作者： yu Jianhui DONG Guanpeng zhang Wenzhong LI Jiaming institute of geographic {2. and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling CAS Beijing 100101 China Sheffield Methods institute Faculty of Social Sciences The University of Sheffield Interdisciplinary Centre of the Social Sciences (ICOSS) 219 Portobello Sheffield S1 4DP UK

People＇s decisions of residential mobility in housing market and decisions of job change in labor market play an essential role in the formation and dynamics of urban spatial structure. This paper investigates the relationship between residential relocation and job change and its heterogeneity using a large-scale survey of residential living satisfaction and preferences in beijing. Several conclusions are drawn as follows： 1） People＇s decisions of residential mobility are significantly positively correlated with their decisions of job change, indicating that these two-dimensional decisions are in fact a correlated decision process rather than two independent decision processes. 2. There is heterogeneity in the correlated decisions of residential mobility and job change. More specifically, the interrelationship between the decisions of residential mobility and job change among people without beijing hukou, renters and single-worker households is more intensive than people with beijing hukou, homeowners and multi-worker households. In addition, there is heterogeneity in the determinants of residential relocation and job change between groups with different types of housing tenure, household registration status and family employment structure. 3） For renters, commuting time can significantly increase the probability of residential relocation, which indicates that residents of different socioeconomic attributes have very different responses to commuting time costs.

关键词： heterogeneity migration residential housing adjustment conclusions employment registration 协同性 worker

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Estimation of diffuse photosynthetically active radiation and the spatiotemporal variation analysis in china from 1981 to 2.10

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Journal of geographical sciences 2014年第4期24卷 579-592页

作者： REN Xiaoli HE Honglin zhang Li yu Guirui Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） is the energy source of plant photosyn thesis, and the diffuse component can enhance canopy light use efficiency, thereby increasing the carbon uptake. Therefore, diffuse PAR is an important driving factor of ecosystem productivity models. In this study, we estimated the diffuse PAR of over 700 meteorological sites in china from 1981 to 2.10 using an empirical model based on observational data from Chinese Ecosystem {2. Network （CERN） and china Meteorology Administration. Then we derived the spatial data set of 10 km monthly diffuse PAR using ANUSPLIN software, and analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of diffuse PAR through GIS and trend analysis techniques. The results showed that：（1） The spatial patterns of annual average diffuse PAR during 1981-2.10 are heterogeneous across china, lower in the northeast and higher in the west and south. The nationwide average value for 30 years ranges from 6.66 mol m-2.d-1 to 15.2. mol m-2.d-1, and the value in summer is the biggest while the value in winter is the smallest. （2. There is an evident increasing trend of annual diffuse PAR during recent 30 years, with the increasing amplitude at 0.03 mol m-2.d-l/10a. But a significant declining trend is shown in the first 10 years, and obvious anomalies can be seen in 1982. 1983, 1991 and 1992. And there is a downtrend in spring and an uptrend in all the other seasons. （3） The spatial distribution of temporal variation rates of diffuse PAR is inhomogeneous across the country, generally decreasing in the north and increasing in the south.

关键词： photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) diffuse fraction diffuse PAR spatiotemporal variations

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