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Single photon response of superconducting nanowire single photon detector

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第4期55卷 441-445页

作者： you lixing shen {2. yang xiaoyan state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China

关键词：单光子探测器超导薄膜纳米线反应量子通信高计数率 PD系统密钥分配

Superconducting X-ray detectors

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Science China(information sciences) 2020年第8期63卷 91-109页

作者： Can yang Mengting SI lixing {2. state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT)Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE) Center of materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Photon technology Co.Ltd. Guigu Science Park

Owing to their high sensitivity and low noise, superconducting detectors are used for photon detection from microwave to high-energy particles. X-ray detection plays an important role in materials analysis, astronomy, and medical radiography, which require high efficiency as well as high energy resolution. However, traditional semiconducting detectors cannot fulfill these requirements. In this article, we review superconducting quantum detectors for X-ray detection, including transition-edge sensor(TES), superconducting tunneling junctions(STJs), kinetic inductance detectors(KIDs) and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs), and introduce the physical structures, working mechanisms, and device behaviors of these detectors. We also review their performances regarding X-ray detection and analyze their respective characteristics. According to recent progress and the requirements of various applications, possible improvement of superconducting detectors for X-rays are discussed.

关键词： superconducting X-ray detectors transition-edge sensors superconducting tunneling junctions kinetic inductance detectors superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Experimental observation of multiple topological nodal structure in LaSb_(2.

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 138-145页

作者： Yuxi Qiao Fuyi Wang Huaiqiang Wang Zicheng Tao Zhicheng Jiang Zhengtai Liu Soohyun Cho Fayuan Zhang Qingkai Meng Wei Xia Yichen yang Zhe Huang Jishan Liu Zhonghao Liu Zengwei Zhu Shan Qiao Yanfeng Guo Haijun Zhang Dawei shen state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Laboratory of Solid state Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China School of Physics and technology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Physical Science and technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China shenzhen institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China shanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China institute of High-Pressure Physics School of Physical Science and technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Center of materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Unconventional fermions in the immensely studied topological semimetals are the source for rich exotic topological ***,using symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations,we propose the coexistence of multiple topological nodal structure in LaSb_(2.,including topological nodal surfaces,nodal lines and in particular eightfold degenerate nodal points,which have been scarcely observed in a single ***,utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy,we confirm the existence of nodal surfaces and eightfold degenerate nodal points in LaSb_(2..The intriguing multiple topological nodal structure might play a crucial role in giving rise to the large linear *** work renews the insights into the exotic topological phenomena in LaSb_(2..

关键词： eightfold degenerate points multiple topological nodal structure angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy linear unsaturated magnetoresistance

Investigation of dimensionality in superconducting NbN thin film samples with different thicknesses and NbTiN meander nanowire samples by measuring the upper critical field

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chinese Physics B 2020年第8期29卷 457-464页

作者： Mudassar Nazir xiaoyan yang Huanfang Tian Pengtao Song Zhan Wang Zhongcheng Xiang Xueyi Guo Yirong Jin {2. you Dongning Zheng institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100190China state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology and the Center for Excellence in Superconducting ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Songshan Lake materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

We study superconducting properties of NbN thin film samples with different thicknesses and an ultra-thin NbTiN meander nanowire *** the ultra-thin samples,we found that the temperature dependence of upper critical field(Hc2.in parallel to surface orientation shows bending curvature close to critical temperature Tc,suggesting a two-dimensional(2.)nature of the *** 2. behavior is further supported by the angular dependence measurements of Hc2.for the thinnest *** temperature dependence of parallel upper critical field for the thick films could be described by a model based on the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau ***,the results measured in the field perpendicular to the film surface orientation show a similar bending curvature but in a much narrow temperature region close to Tc for the ultra-thin *** suggest that this feature could be due to suppression of pair-breaking caused by local *** further propose the temperature dependence of perpendicular Hc2.as a measure of uniformity of superconducting ultra-thin *** the thick samples,we find that Hc2.shows maxima for both parallel and perpendicular *** Hc2.peak for the perpendicular orientation is believed to be due to the columnar structure formed during the growth of the thick *** presence of columnar structure is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).In addition,we have measured the angular dependence of magneto-resistance,and the results are consistent with the Hc2.data.

关键词： NbN micro-bridges and NbTiN meander nanowire upper critical field low dimensionality anisotropic magneto-resistance

Supercontinuum single-photon detector using multilayer superconducting nanowires

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Photonics Research 2019年第12期7卷 1425-1431页

作者： HAO LI YONG WANG lixing you HEQING WANG HUI ZHOU PENG HU WEIJUN ZHANG XIAOYU LIU {2. yang LU ZHANG ZHEN WANG XIAOMING XIE state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200050China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050China Center of materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

High-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs), which have numerous applications in quantum information systems, function by using the optical cavity and the ultrasensitive photon response of their ultra-thin superconducting nanowires. However, the wideband response of superconducting nanowires is limited due to the resonance of the traditional optical cavity. Here, we report on a supercontinuum SNSPD that can efficiently detect single photons over an ultra-broad spectral range from visible to mid-infrared light. Our detection approach relies on using multiple cavities with well-separated absorbed resonances formed by fabricating multilayer superconducting nanowires on metallic mirrors with silica acting as spacer layers. Thus, we are able to extend the absorption spectral bandwidth while maintaining considerable efficiency, as opposed to a conventional single-layer SNSPD. Our calculations show that the proposed supercontinuum SNSPD exhibits an extended absorption bandwidth with increased nanowire layers. Its absorption efficiency is greater than 70%over the entire range from 400 to 2.00 nm(or 400 to 3000 nm), when using two-layer(or three-layer) *** a proof of principle, the SNSPD with bilayer nanowires is fabricated based on the proposed detector architecture with simplified geometrical parameters. The detector achieves broadband detection efficiency over 60%from 950 to 1650 nm. This type of detector may replace multiple narrow band detectors in a system and find uses in the emerging and rapidly advancing field of atomic and molecular broadband spectroscopy.

关键词： nanowires superconducting absorption

NbN superconducting nanowire single photon detector with efficiency over 90% at 1550 nm wavelength operational at compact cryocooler temperature

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第12期60卷 26-35页

作者： WeiJun Zhang lixing you Hao Li Jia Huang ChaoLin Lv Lu Zhang XiaoYu Liu JunJie Wu Zhen Wang XiaoMing Xie state key Lab of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 China

The rapid development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors over the past decade has led to numerous advances in quantum information technology. The record for the best system detection efficiency at an incident photon wavelength of 1550 nm is 93%. This performance was attained from a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector made of amorphous WSi; such detectors are usually operated at sub-Kelvin temperatures. In this study, we first demonstrate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors made of polycrystalline NbN with system detection efficiency of 90.2. for 1550-nm-wavelength photons at2.1 K, accessible with a compact cryocooler. The system detection efficiency saturated at 92.1% when the temperature was lowered to 1.8 K. We expect the results lighten the practical and high performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to quantum information and other high-end applications.

关键词： detection efficiency NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD) quantum information

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system and demonstration in quantum key distribution

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chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第10期58卷 1145-1149页

作者： CHEN SiJing LIU DengKuan you lixing WANG YongLiang QIU LongQing XIE XiaoMing JIANG MianHeng CHEN TengYun LIU yang MIKI Shigehito WANG Zhen state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences Hefei National Laboratory for Physical sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Kobe Advanced Research Center National Institute of Information and Communications Technology588-2IwaokaNishi-kuKobeHyogo 651-2492Japan

We developed a superconducting nanowire single-photon detection(SNSPD) system based on Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for quantum communication *** factors which may influence the system performance are intensively *** factors include temperature fluctuations,the ambient magnetic field and the background *** optimizing the bias circuit,the stability of SNSPD system to electrical noise and disturbance was effectively enhanced,thus making it more suitable for field application.A 4-channel SNSPD system with quantum efficiency higher than 4% at the dark count rate of 10 Hz for λ=1550 nm is integrated and applied into a quantum key distribution(QKD) *** was successfully carried out over 100 km optical fiber with the final secure key rate of 1.6 kbps and the quantum bit error rate of less than 2..

关键词：量子密钥分配光子探测系统纳米线超导演示量子密钥分发通信应用影响系统

A Silicon Shallow-Ridge Waveguide Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Towards Quantum Photonic Circuits

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chinese Physics Letters 2019年第8期36卷 47-50页

作者： Lingjie Yu Heqing Wang Hao Li Zhen Wang Yidong Huang lixing you Wei Zhang Beijing National Research Center for information Science and technology Beijing Innovation Center for Future ChipsElectronic Engineering DepartmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084 Beijing academy of Quantum information {2. Beijing100193 state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and InformationTechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050 University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing100049

A silicon shallow-ridge waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single photon detector is designed and *** the bias current of 11.6μA,4% on-chip detection efficiency near 1550 nm wavelength is achieved with the dark count rate of 3 Hz and a timing jitter of 75 *** device shows the potential application in the integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with a complex quantum photonic circuit.

关键词： Silicon Detector Quantum

Geometric origin of intrinsic dark counts in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

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Superconductivity 2022年第1期1卷 45-51页

作者： Xingyu Zhang Xiaofu Zhang Jia Huang Can yang lixing {2. Xiaoyu Liu Peng Hu {2. Xiao Wenying Zhang Yongliang Wang Lingyun Li Zhen Wang Hao Li state key Laboratory of {2. materials for informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology(SIMIT)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050People’s Republic of China Center of materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics 865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050People’s Republic of China

The dark count is one of the key physical issues for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)that limits various applications for optical quantum information and classical *** the bias current approaches the switching current of SNSPDs,the dark count is actually dominated by the intrinsic dark counts(iDCs).However,the origin of iDCs and its relation to constrictions remains unclear for practical *** herein systematically characterize the iDCs of the SNSPDs with and without artificial geometric constrictions by applying the differential readout *** these devices with constrictions,we have observed distinct Gaussian distributions in the temporal distribution of iDCs,in which the time difference between the distributions is consistent with the geometric distance between constrictions,and the rates of iDCs produced by each constriction are in good agreement with constrictions'*** respect to practical SNSPDs,surprisingly,we also observe several Gaussian distributions in the temporal domain and it shows no significant dependence on the devices’sizes,demonstrating that the iDCs of SNSPDs are mainly dominated by a few specific constrictions.

关键词： Superconducting nanowire Single-photon detector Dark count Differential readout